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D/ l DTI H t \ !
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T H E N A T U R E O F A R T
V4m R{nd N6vma piinnog qrdsDM
wdn 6ak on ris n the sreddij[ Mustrm in An
iriln iD 2002. few vicwd mlizcd thar n hid be!
ituc[cJ *i!h lIqn lnile 6!c Ie]Jr P@iouslx The
rm.k r gnoo$ll dtrDasd Lh. \rcrk, leavLng an
ugLy {r4 ol piollcl hoianEL srshs rlons ior or
i$ 13 foor {id ,. Spd3lNs ook mot dxn tour
r.r?E b ierorc it. dlding thc lodd rc $ simLlar
piinrin$ dNLk Ds thr tdn! iEhiYer rnd a$o.i
iic\, l$oriodt nixirs trLl Jrds ol Pt'n. and
d builJhg rplial ol crHDM o n.sh rd
\fc Eighr iirm(dnclr thinktl'r lhc nh.ker
\s insnc, l,ut ihn i oo, Ne Raft{, hir N!
r(ioor 5l$red hl enifl: Alis tlt.rimc hc hid
)ed in $c mu$un, Glnly rMnins ftt{ |a55ing out hrn{s to qPliin hn adion llc vN nor
lgriNr all{i he sid, only "ibnEd rI an,r (n
i5m.' He $5 ricJ rnd snrtntd o a hnt d a
5o whr,lrqc hiD odo thit Slaihingi Pnot_i',8 k i Drh,qrcmqrdevcD rd'n'niL3d bu(
ifht sas oor in$E $cD pdhrPs hc ws Likc u\
He ?d(d on hn tcclin$ in i wrl thrrho&d him
iojil. bur rhr Frn n thrxr.rn rour rrDv dccP
Ieclinss in Jm6t tvdyonc
nnred ilLofd r( onc ift or inoth( rvrlcning
ncmors, L!.ush( pssion\ d Ys, Pl$urcniJpii." 'r r'. c."L'fii' l-l; - hap a*p-
Nd I of us rcsul,rly crcrc vorLs ol {r, bu(
alLolos arc gaiive in Fm. *iy \fc ocft I honc
lifc v/r narc rchioDshiF
sork, projcr, xnd a(onPlkhmcn( LveD r.oE
mon ri $.6 as udnging hhn!re r a @om or
pi.ors "" rhe 'iall n.dli'..'d "llo$ us 'dl
dp(sion. vnun d is onc rypt ol htrmn der(iv-
iry, rnd {t vkwe6, vh.n contoPbrnrg a ro lq€r. rhen ovn tspon$ ,o tr VhcD s! tsPon,l
rorio&olrtr, $r &rvm ouf ovn.riiMq, rt
arti*! wo& !adk* rhc ninsnhLn u'
reev rreel 1h{ i5, humans lorm {t {o*n ind
rheo & r( lorD5 us Hencc thr rnle ofthi! book:
,4rrnr. Art lorms u5h) iellingus lhtrtgs enhd
lishins our llvcs, clsaring our spnns, sLoving us
$ho \c,G, w,lins u5 up Io injunnr'orjrtnod
Ii mry nol bc apprtrr ir n^i bur Ncwhuptuied csiILDM 1i$ r r.dr!$al inmr' HcsaDcJ ro rvoke thc nighrinc$ and mnscnden.eofCod, inhou, rcfedns ro rnlrPccifi. Eligion.
Thc ,itl! cors f@n ,lE G'cck word tor lhmN
Idtrtl , hon\ \\hi.h v Cd t6c wotd uthtddt
Nsvmln srid Ad t xoIk JrPi.c thc ihmre or
Cod. Hi5 hLur rcb3 fiLls ihe holy5Pace Junsvemisht ,pprcich the sr ofc;od snh auc lnd \voe
de. Nsvhln hopcd b lrpiE $ch ft.litrgs in ufs
vc.oremplat thL rs.aoot piotins snh (
Undd$andirs $e xiristt intrt .rn hdP usrpprc.nrt srHtDM, 6ut d dod not nccd 6 be'Nd.6rood" b be etrjoyed. Likc lifd nsell, n ca!sioply 5r dpe enad. Yd ihe moE {c unddximddoN \vh. art un olfei thc richd our dPdicnc
\0nhin this hook i ,ad ,/2, ir de vlual qP
lion ol rn ilc or .ip€ft.ce forEcd wnh skilLfirouch rh<uroli mcdum A zr'.rrD k 3 Pnu.,L. ;--i.1. "r."s *,h r, *;--p-).8 .-h_niquc (The pluml k z.lr:J Arris6 slcd ntdd Io
$n rhe idcr nd [eeli.g! thcy wislt o Prescnt.\tlc. a nedium k 6d in n'.h a My 'hri de
abjet d pcJomma oDtribm{ o ou undd
shnding or.njoFci, of li le, wc qpdnn.e rhe
M.di, i. nse lor mr/ rtrrud.s indude clryIiber nonc. $uod, r.dDrnr Br th. n'd Mnt shi*,.i..a-." -r.."Ac' h"a "d+a ** ..d ,.indudins vidjo md onpuh6, m tu allllgsgl'<!rudconutunonsoalhorcenthviid'nc onpfi,i.,. r" ."a. "i,r .-*ii*, "" "tair+--,hrkriils is d(KJ io 6 ,tdr' '.lr'
\01.n people spok of.r,,/a rhey .rc sudlyRlerms Fry,44!. Lele li's,rir9rndrh( . lJl rr Eich nr turm . pecrycd n d r_fs-.nr wrys by dui s,si yd e.n g6ws rom a comEon ned to givc crpftsiv. suh$n< to Ldings,idss, lDsishc hd qp{icnc.s. b this book, thefo.us is rhe vkui {s, in.luding dEving, prinrng,$ulpt"*, film. chitct'^, rd ddign.
sinslc itdiun oa.xprcsion hd ns Limit onsSone id6 rnJ f.ilings cn bc .ommuni.rt.d oniy
orcfull) porLirg .oLorcJ sid Th. mona in
lo\d rn.cot tdtriotrilpndns r dKr dacd
rho! lqftmponrr 5ym6ol. Aftei cclc6ctins loJ
rhrlDsAc{ork. r|tv d$trord n brn,bolh. rhc
Rurl.krnifl.in ELc Jlnr{ ry:aon A
fiLn diEror phq ftoE rnd.iDsr o!!mg. i ')
o(1$ n, (mph$ize i (rcio $pd oldt (.ipi. A
Hopi po({ n[c\ 
Hnory pturJ( r]I b$r.v do< ofour D(dforthels. v/h.tr r JnRrcr q ;m,luq;g giour* tuoni(rn ws i Porl., r fdrPlNdQdy wotr ! Djlini:, vicroLl. iLc n.iL jqr s k,6nd wli b dstroy ,h. nLhurc b cl;rnrk drcLngu,E! tuJ @{. rJ rhr.4 r rt! !pnr.$al, l G - e o i , i | l . ' , , t , ^ r u , i r r h . r r r i L < ! , , .hli.d or sit.oql Hn|s! d seldirn Hu$r:@trrol ofthc rr. rJ (r. lrpre$ioD olrlk t!D_gu4A,Dd:nd rn ot Niv. Amqi.r\. imm.
As su,ps rd rdiYiJuitr, {( qr ruav.indrdibk plirai.it hiJ+i$ rnrc.dt! rh rlrro$or ou. p{rori (irnF rnd.!,Ln,i l;unJirioii o Losurc4, qtr 16. ou trrJlio^.!jJbdict! rc r rh. !!rc of wlio \c irt.
PURPOSES AND FUNCTIONS
Artqi ijf!@,.trr1( lnh. jr5trnc. rroulc ruttoand d(lishr r\. Art ntr Jrrll.rg( !: ro thi,,k rtrcn n.\ \if\. riJ Lclp..rL ofu n, t(ltop rF€nonL ar! d r r).rrd turf tr uo isod&tnr htrd,iLhrc, i, r,g. 6 i ai,q \orl ofnr miv wlc $(ii r,tr,.,i,D5 i tr oD(
vh.i w! look.n {r N! urnor iL}!r5 krdwqur' ltu r .(rois linJ n ni, To trodqsitrd ihcn N.rxc r li nqr, ld r cnrri,r!
a.r for c.mmuni.crins
BQK iir milc I {rcDrri thr.r, r! rrJq-nood b' i 6 orJ 5p(rtrrn ot p.op|c, n [r ot.nL ( n ! . i d t u n r , , n r { m . d u r r , d J r r . o I r, h .M , , l J . \ 1 . r r r c r ! | . J ̂ t r . _ ! n , Jo ;iiJ soo. $ulpnr! dt r|! aiftdnk nustr a]Ltc"o's 'o !D i[ karcPpdJno.
Ai(:r,'rk.ft.dnl, ncr l,na. irtri,Kl_a15wifdo\y ulcd rHL rRrr or jrsr d$i.F rtk !ererrd8r' of ilrs (:h r, t,(gi,nriq ynh 1[c tdvislj
p hrch Jcir (I i|t borcm bd6 ttr fte). Theysird squence rrcsnring ihe lour kings cul-miortcs i! Jcpn oN ol Miry thc moihd ofj66rd { dercp, Chrnthin*la M IladertnrFsp<iellr po(nn p1ingF6llowing i', ,lt Etrcpan iradition, lrv. hd s fien Pimar) sdJ d'eEG dording oainbrmdion idr pose ql
Ari.on.ioula b inlon nonlncEtc $ kll aft(ft pople irouod dr world. Phorocnrb.film, and rLcyision hrve pDvcn s hc pdii.ul,rlyscful lor re.ordins ard lonnlnnr(ing. Threushad5dc pGdtrirdon, inforDrion ofiat b(ornsmofu(lsibl. and mtnonble Ihin n vouu li
arr lor Ddy+o-Ddy Livingobj€( oaillki.di ton n.Gn. ((tulll-"ft,tdiot Giv{ ro slftk spot.n, hlk lFn oDcd{d'o deligh lhc !:r 6 *ll N ro sNc Do( obvioGlr6cftl funcdons. \fleLld6isftJ utilinirn objcrxnd spi6-froE .hris rc .ommunitirbi"gpl6ui. md enlcicnq ioto od drily liv6. Forenmplq ,hc Bucsdr hRFIF.HT n I n*hidecrklope rhir wa ustul aor urying pden?l ssd5in iha' oomaJicNriveAnc.i.,o rdc9. Hl)$ad.n n ,lso d(oRrcd with colorful sllrbolic torn lhrrclcriothltiibri.ommtrniL li6anJto ihelorc$ofn!rm. Vromco o c th.s prflehs by nftchiigou( ricc6 of n*hide in thc sun to J+ Ih€n rpply-i,,B piiDE pismcnrtJ wnh eil(]]en rovdc6.
Manr so.ieri6 v?luc Ac{,nic.nbell shDcnioieve.rdavrhinsi. lhisDNHtrcD o.icntltn niEply d{oncd in a fcw @106. The circtrhr pn-rem io.hc ccn,dl nr icho $c 5hapc of $e pli€it lD cingrmuod in bo,rls isiline ofs.yliaiAribic wnirB lbr Muslim sriptu( whi.h uDdetslin{ rhe phd turdon h hospilrliry: Gocruitrn onc ofthr qdJnie ollhc pcoplc of lltndi*.'
In r gcncnl (n*, dt visurl r$ ;lludt xllhuDa!.i.{ioDs in whi.l vilual fonn his bcln amrjor conridorio! dlirg lhen dcsiso and piodudion. N.r y illrhc o6j<s and sFfts !e us inour priv*c a public livd \vere d$isnrJ L) ffiscaDJrldiglds. Thc 66t of ouf btrildin8c rowtr, ind.nGs havc h<n d{igned vnh Ac qualig of rhen
,/G&,.b"'
visud forh-ir !3u r rheir dth( liocdons i.oind. Erch of !s ir inyoncd rnh Dd dcsignwhendd k halc dc.isioN rboui hw .o siyle orrhn( {hr dorher m wa!, o! hN ro iun,irh ard.rcngeouriv!,Fva<5,lswenJn!u.L.tioics.w. m.nsascd in trnivft$t!rt rclard prcc$sn:kiDg visoil ukmcnr5 a6ourshowdrrcaad thekind ofMrk !c tike roftcaund us.
A.t lor Worrhip qnd niru.lln m,or $.i.des. ! ur hr3 i spnirul !om|o.nerl spnnud and/o, miSiat puQo5s apparenrtynotiy*ld ac DrkinS ofthc rcid! arlir$ q(_
l,!e Lriurc +. d6€loors^ "r h.-inB mJ ,,-.! +c;;hJP.J-'.,tsin brndr of huDts.Earhere6. \(/hr morivredpRhnroic pcop s rc .x^r. do\r and p nti 5q.!!d n cds? The d$nc b rcord *d$r Thc oced
o migr..lly rnrot rhe inim lhry 6un€d torfood? or simpty dr u* b cd;)
,\mong dr hsrkoo$ rnrd iluduEs btrilrby roft asc human b€in8s;thc.omptdofhusc6odds5 ir sroNEHLNcr, EnStind. tr {n .oninrcred r a rimc qheD rlig:on aDd (iena wrrtonc uniricd qkr fo! uoa(sinding Fdursrics ofgianr kh, surou ilg ri nE. $one, sdndsnhi! 3 cnctrhr rm.h 300 tcr in dirn.d Mo*{chreologiru as( rlr stoNrHENcE{* buitr i,r
Fri of religiotrr of dcnillc funcroD. Bcsurnrnyor$ctursinrtk$rudurciLigns 116,ri,LrhenoDrnxru.hss$trrindlurDo\qrn6.miny irt hnbrhns ink rLat thi5 sn,cruft kry!.Jr sP;nd tun.,ion, shNjng hununs 6cn !h.e in$e osnn qdc. Mos likety n q it5o r brcktrcp
Many objecb cuted for .ion u$ bok prc-cios, befidng $rn Ne ii diyin.aF!'dia. llc@^LrcE b Amerien poro Be.ie Vood semsrc ndirc wrn liehi Muslimportdanruris lsodsclopcd rLc chniquc for p'odu.ing this glov-iryl Dn,llic sudrei her iM .iI rppli.d n io rsLapc thr sLc torEcd {nh Qfthcnurc. Ttrc p!o-tile of de pide sho*s ns origi.s in rhe .rrunllomr df ihc erth, 6 ii lacl5 iBisLt lin6 rndsquaE edgs. Irs Eemblane m r hunan fom mrr
(ho thc Christi.n bdicf ttn. Chrkt i5 prrot inrhe rnd. The cruro h{ mr.y h dles dir
symmeriiql, p.sirioned e drr & mN ma'nlapp6a.h to ir ii b irJ b&x n and hold n up,vhich is in aad wh pri6c do in fie RonnnCrholic M*s 'lhe cMcE oulJ hold bnlccmtd vin. aor chfttian ttral but its eafrhy,iolnded shxpe md glowing body n:ld it 1 ohpclling dcco6tiv. picc. su.ll.
A srcr dRl of AfriQ! an hd i spiftuel4p[dn, r wd^hipc6 uf objrd in rnEtr roa,hft rhcrdtior ofdr goJr.Thc oa^-clwaNDd HoNoRoF 6HU i! dqpcd {nh sio ofrhesfi.ft that vqc rcd r .urteng! nluding (o Et,s!lor&hjp of rtt mrkdpt?cc A qoshippq u55 lhc
dan.iDs {nh n b rh( approp,nre .hhi\ ini$ngs. Thr [ulb\ potrtrdin8 fon E\hu! 6hde]ikrh*do 5jgnih rhe nledi.inc\ rh{ nstiu rer.
An.oftnula b irlriu penon,t. rpniiun rdstoi nanr poptc, ud :ll ofthc so.ld! nrjoi rlisioDrhMud t! iorPi(end inrnn dr Enhtul
Arr lor P€.$ndl Expre.3iohcdrrin rrti$ rcv( drtrkhs andrh.nheirgr$ defy rh wr ldl wc lnow rheD. Ssstccnrl-arntr) Durh n$ R.,nbrunJi Yin Rii0qpr6<d hisr(itudt iowna iit rcogt wcltovqonc rholedd piiDtiDgs, d'r!i,rsr.!DJ pr;6.
fror rlt igeolNcos uorLl hirdtlh rsixrv
dre, RcDFEndtJN nd prirned doas of$la
pdn nr. He \as fi<ior(d 5v & dprt$ive Pos -
bllni$of thrhurtrbody d fotrodLiEsdftob!
,he Do{ rerdilraEilabLcEo{lcL Likc i good ictof,hc scd his owtr Iift is i rc$urcc fqsu't)ii ig lih.
lD nro{ of htr klfponnn! RcmhmnJ,viqycJ hin*1tumighrto^qriLv in{l vnI t[r srme
.ulioris (hr hc l,oushi 6 hnodH htrmiD suF.j<t5. Renbnndr! slrr PoRrMIr of l6ts i5
brcuglr b Lifc Lj- ilk r/$. {hi.h n'ssst a pqrD
of pemnrinB iDsishr Ry cunting l,i 'nclf objc-
dvclr, hc Ncni bqond himdi hc ostcJ r .
hdn, rbotr( liov n }!cLi n, Lc Ji!.. to be huDro.Koun Andnar .r(isr YoDg sooo Min Pro
i€urnrkoscrtrrcontcmpo{ryrnrof c(LfiohcrniKJ mrdii pieft ov Mc Bom in I ir' l l
viLl€e r KoEe ju* bcfotu rhr. ot rlt Korao
v{,5hr dd htr riodEfjo;cd h( flt]u i ', Ctrli
lornh vhcn 5[ vs fl<i. Th$ ph ]c shr $r
oi$i iai y i ', dr Unir.l shis. n ii mI hcr
m(ivc hndr y{on t,p5 brk Io Korei nrc }eL dn
ta0r frcn her.otrnrryofo.isio r !rLl.DWILINC rrprts{ diis rlicnrioD rod Jb
\cnr. Th€ nr in$rtcJ psloiliHEnIoc5 i'no
i mdnioon Kodi rlh drss ind huns n oyd
I pil. of books ma|\ and tho,og,+nx. Itrid(
rhc d6i lucl), l irible. s i sfipi non ! Kortm
pod. shi.h givc5 yoicc b iltlos ofid.nr Thc
l
uljia! cor]r das *m ro run r KKinp i n , $ t , o \ | n o ( r i r L ! t u o T h 5 f r c o f
lniorula n irdc$ingly .o nDon mongient mrr ol "h,m rsc bo!,.t\$h{c
Twih. c.nr 1 Ai.f.rn rr r tro ,fis ${ ri(tr'drJ br rh. PrseL r!fJ; ih
*ihNrd h lhc aLnl sourh aod ;r HrLnrYork R*.den dakl monotuLL( mig( of
is L) "tr5!n ng dL' n! +cr e.u,
Ed;s ,h. r,ia t. !q .rcu,d m n
6isokorcmhmcciD i 'nb5pllt ivclouDgroDrn.Borwcd pic(ft nrymcnr Nnh r ftw Durd colon n& up io orh.rrk sur wortd. Thek n irood ot m.lrtr.lbly ioJ lorgi|e. Do!\ i6c r iirsggN dtpuiurc kom din wond or sip. ro rh(hrora6drer ilii,' rh(No(tr?
In rccKEr ro rHr nooN, olhg. firg|kn$btrild r lanc otq .L J$P3; ird noi. poscvcr_:nc A br.l:- "niHc ock.( hud5 fo.Ihc nDdi.yhih unED ljtcrcNnr puo(uredb! r (d iop_Ithr The rtrin Di[6 io iioni. lnun {ir.mauBaddr pL<d Ameiui e.oDdn[d,cn( iDrpa( nc{rc ou i,Dqlnici {rlhJ $!irlind (o
RcDbnndr tl Bs;cn r...onlamcd vnlthe efiit rNr ofrr r .onrnuni or ro o 16) ;";;,;ii-,,;;.;;.;,;i:,;;";,;":;:;;;
sp,c$Lotr vith; rr trrcx,t nDgc of rlt nlJrr,dr( n i.o'siJ.roli( Jiltuor in i](lmourad Np.olpd$onc{presion )rdstLrr s nn ro tip($ th! Jrc somtn:,ofthc niko; rt,cJsisnsofrcoinof rrcL+L;cotli DU.t,l$;iinnrio,ibotrrlr,cpslDir.oDr ofi6crrrrludJoihcJgigtr ofi priri,rsor i pi.< of$uLpnr.
\'.1 m (tcmctr oti.lt <\pa.\\ioo qistu iJr 
rru !turNpoidr blb b {js I dN$ cl lr
sdb.ms i Poin riee
to point 'he lih of ny p.aple osI know it.-. be.ouse nkh af thdt litek s6e ond ir hod beoury.,
f#.i:-'"-
Arr lor s..idl c.u3e'lnis io maq socierie5 hrve eugft ,o ftni.i* o!iDnu.nrt vdu.r rlld publi! opinion a.oush rhenwrk, olicD lhc (ni.Go is .Lerr rDd diftcr, ,ividr &a@i!.o Goyx! exprsidi ofoumcc r rhcN.pdl6ni. wns io hn couft)r rH. DGsrLr6 otw vividly do.uNn6 rio.na tommntud 6rN.pdlconr nooF a5 thcy;qdcd SpriD i| 1303.
r nmih 6,, i5 rk NorlL of Cuban Am..,crDainn !41!Qrr;l!z.To'rc5 lD rt90, he prinrdlzrg. shccc u ih phorogrphs rnd illornltion on,lt of de vi..ins ofsuin( io ac unncd 5nr6 inr nndomLy slcdcd {trk. uNrrLLD IDH.H BycuN *s rprcd!..d ii yhr acartntaLlcd cnd-16 @picr,' vhic[ \rrc rhen plicrd ir x m.k ond. noor of dr lii gxltqr tcc for lhc htiog 6],yiflsi. (;on,irs,Tor$ nid of rhse piees. ,l
i€d the public ro onpler dr work. I $k rhcpuLli. to hcLp mc, rohkc rc5poDsibiLiq ro beonerp r to l r ywo , rc j o i ' , i , r " '
s.mdim$ thc ntnr\ 50.ht .ommeDr n bsobvious, btrr(ilt sincre.Tnrchiir*p!!tq &4sh ftn ofttr $cntc(oth ccmtr,r, dep y d srnicJ {nh rtr loreign kr of ht .dutrD. arcqudnty p.i,nrd ,nrto!! d a poLiti.il nicnHr.Mdoft {c a syDbo in Chirn ofnew Ln,[ lDJn$v beginnin$ l't,( scJs iniJc rhc ndon5 oar r ! ' i 1 r ! r r l r ! ! 19 t l r r d9 ! r
9't nrirsi-catiFar!.rrrrrrr
i ra ra 6 - ! ' . . r , r I ' | r r ' u l
an ! f , sk ,1 , r F - .F { r r x r rua t
t.t;i1r:::t::l;;::i:#f, G r r E b d l r 6 d d ! r r F - E E r r !
itrae iI3 a ..€ arF ire !lr ria.ra
synboLred rtr previotrs chins€ rcvrt lift rorl,i.l ' dr rrti$ w4nill farhtul. \Uhilcnd aD ou.ighr prorcn, mos edu(rcd perens urd.$ood
,.\rchii(ntrc. piinriog, ind $ulprur-indmore Kenrl/ fi l 'n Dd dcyirion hlr b<n slito prci(d rod groit in?gs ofdcnjcs, porirqLlcrder, ind rcw .orp{ioN h rlt * l,<nruy froD!(, Kjlsloul xlv huilim (qDqn
prtkeind lornxtgrdeD rv$$itL.s His purporw^ to lyELollc thc iusih ofhi5 Don{lhr-toiDprcs d ior midrc rhe rcbiLiry wirti d. smKng r pold Gd Clrpto 16).
4wrn!$ J$isnr6 ortcD u$ lh( pq5u$ivcpNus ol n to prc(( r vss on ofrh..urh Ver. drn Ns,gs e€y Jr/ u, rlqi5ionlDJ r lh(DcJL Not ir pcFusnc n i5.ommdcht, hovd.i Atr dtr b. rn.ffrdilc i 'srdkr fo! rJue,
.ins, d;kiospopular qtu5, notd ng ptr6tn opin-
iof . rnd griii iDB ind holding polnnal pdrritj lotql MrE;s o6( 3 srat JqLotorco'
rodiy, hur som.rrnr hivc trftn flLl ng r.nrionro rlk prubLrh lor Icx5. In 1997, ZimFahvcan
s6phi.dsign{chr MrviyrDc Diyi6 de dr
Pond cLoB^L w RNrNc<,ntscna in Kr(o, Jipin. Hs. !r s. rc cr rh
olly Mting under tl'. iEpa( of rhe hor brrhlf,. lb r dc 1o\Er tefr. The po$q laYs nok.bNr rhe srobJr iurc or, h. fmbi;;:iiddE a€a ttr humaDs r. (using nMriy:!.'Ddies m ort of thc fs $cirlt
mit€d d6ign.n i! his native Zimbrb*r, ard6nmmcnr ro rr for !o! rl mfrc{rEnr
mughr hin boih co.ircK.) and wide rcmwn.VL.! pcidcrihl elecdons wc( rhc,luled in
mbzbwe in 2002, ihc rcsimc of Robetr Mugrbck sEr:r scp5 to di.ounge \btins, csraiatb,p{sns qho opposed thc (ru5 qrc. Th.y
it.d ro psvidr cDoush poltiDg ptrs in lssiodl) rcEon5. for.r g .okD o (r\cl ong d
* d.y:t{ hns5cd ps_ons uho r(mrrcd
d distnburing drn fc ovcr the -Iinenft. Hc
q i 5 ( r , o l o c t " r h r 6 . ! " f , h s f h r e n .
omrtd dc situirion, pri'ning Acm on F?p{
iFneD,s b.ts3n crcring Po,Kr +r isisi#H#f,ialt6h.'1.'r"(i otTru , r/rl, -i" ""d ontRd
Di?$ffiffir"\i$iiliii{+ii#
ic-.posn Iher s.l' dry in ihc monrh ledins
b ih..lrrtion., lris rtrisric ictilnh torcd him
Th.lir ofdur culturc Etl{c who wc {c znd,i-,.,, -'rfl' ".",,.-.--ai"s, ",a
on. xnoihei Art ca! bc ptsiDgrnd bcamiaut,:ii oD al.o shotr( trs isJ< ard;spire us rotor. Todrl qhrn I J(mr]rd_ qo$.u ruEld d D n J m g o p d m i J r J r c $ l n a ; ; r v .
eFbl.m 5otunre. rrt !:n dcqraotrr con(idurncs\
Arl f.r Vituol DelightMdyofuspmbrbl) rhinhofvkuiLdeli8hrrrhr6ar hrftion of {. rodeal, itr un p!ryiac pba-,tq ojorm€n( rnkhcni, div€trior rnd{idlishnent in our uorrd. Atr rhI ii viruallyrncdE and w.[ .nfted .!n .titi u5 abov. rhe!.!Eam of lii.." A r Ddcd ac$hsiiii; o;.c put n.'Ahsih.J in coftmphiDg su.h { 5, wc liBe(
kt2hic {r i5 prtri.uhny ,bundarda( wnhLvnh d@mrions of thG a(. Fo. drnrpk, thr
lourt<Dth{cnrury lroMrrw p Nfl FRo! rlE^rH^M8h is nulc ofcolo.cd m6ii. i it. taiJ indzlins pftDi otr. etts to ow fnhqrs rhrrcnclos geonredc 6sur6 ofminydifemi lh!p6,sizs. r totors ThcesmrLl pottSoD5{cdcncncr a la$( firhn, olblrhintu^s be6Rn 6w!oig.onrri.intda( The piert shdwn hc( k oo yx sEall tmgmenr of dr lowq po(ion ofr wJlcrdolng r ioom in thc AthiDbn. x p cc thatethcd nr i,tL gtory lndd thc NArid n,teE ofcrarrdr il rtk fourtccQtt (nn'ry.
SoN conicnpoiry rtri5r hst x.hidc,l J$
o r n (aA$ wnh (rvdiff(rtrI mrdalr' MiirD)
S.[]pno\ I rriRrhN! dqDJ5 Pdlv or 5hs!a
l;r !rpr. siDlc n nmitrrcs Dadv ktr bI
dghr l.( Hq( r i.h l(nu! ofdriild mcJiacJlj
re Nod rrdnioDn ri forNolqtriLt;srid tlo\q
inJgiDs,\'Li.h \r !oD!c<D!iJ{.d rlr! poi'r..
of\a, .i.Th.pilta urll! conL;s priin. hb_
ii. rrdsLLrtd iD r.olhgc . ofln.n {hoa tuEn'iit
d@knshdSlhipno Lo.oin rlc,{ t mmigc5'
o dcsribc ,k'n. T6! lun, !.loa, hoLd P .flx.
d,J rymboli. moitigs olrlc 5lupe ot c vo||
coml,io( tu.rcrc i sa(lq' orvi5$ldd*li '
l. ik( bduq (oir, lnJ li i. n$lr. fl i5 Li'gcr
rhn Nv s rgl! Jcntridon. OocviJdt trsd dni{,
na,. 1. tt d!6kn q t4,krkD af adm &j!
o.t i,rri,util t?tiilt t),!'st t tnnt d<rt,t
Ai !r hivc sc(o 6d tlt !or|\ iLLlrthlcd io
jN rhrllJpk( n ndlfi(uLt b rriac r r Jlnni
iior ,lrr iirludo llL (h. |oniLrl( fdnns ol nt.
H.n.c, w willrp.nd th( (t of,hc bq,[ qPLoi
