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8/6/2019 Christoph Menke - Impact of PV and Wind Power to the Grid
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Impact of PV and Wind Power to the Grid -What needs to be done to manage it?German Approach
Session 4: Addressing Technical Challenges
Asia Clean Energy Forum 2011June 20 21, 2011 in Manila
Prof. Dr.Ing. Christoph MenkeUniversity of Applied Science, Trier, Germany
Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Bangkok,Thailand
Senior Consultant for Renewable Energy Policy, GIZ GmbH,Germany
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Scenario 2010- 2030 Germany (Guiding Scenario 2010)
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Generation of Wind & PV in January 2010(presently > 36.000 MW installed)
0
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
1 25 49 73 97 121 145 169 193 217 241 265 289 313 337 361 385 409 433457 481505 529 553 577 601 625 649 673 697 721
Photovoltaik
Wind
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Wind: 26.000 MWPV: 9.800 MW(Stand 1.1.10)
Source: Holger Gassner,RWE Innogy,Thorsten Schneiders, E.ON Climate&Renewables, Christoph Weienborn,BDEW
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Generation of Wind & PV20.6. 05.07. 2010
0
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
1 25 49 73 97 121 145 169 193 217 241 265 289 313 337 361
Photovoltaik
Wind
20.6. 21.6. 22.6. 23.6. 24.6. 25.6. 26.6. 27.6. 28.6. 29.6. 30.6. 1.7. 2.7. 3.7. 4.7. 5.7.
During that time less then 10% frominstalled Wind power!
123 MW Wind am 23.6. (Stundenmittelwert 8:00 bis 9:00 Uhr)
entspricht 0,46% der inst. Leistung
3.520 MW Wind am 3.7. (Stundenmittelwert 0:00 bis 1:00 Uhr)
entspricht 13,5% der inst. Leistung
Wind: 26.000 MWPV: 9.800 MW(Stand 1.1.10)
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Renewable energies make electricity productionmore volatile
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Day (January 2008)
Capacity in MW Daily min and max available wind capacity in Germany in January 2008
Scource: bdew
Source: Holger Gassner,RWE Innogy,Thorsten Schneiders, E.ON Climate&Renewables, Christoph Weienborn,BDEW
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Renewable energies make electricity productionmore volatile
Source: BDEW
Example: Demand and renewable input 2.10.08 7.10.08 in East-Germany
Netzlast und EEG-Einspeisung 02.10.08 - 07.10.08
0
20000
40000
60000
1 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 100 111 122 133 144
h
MW
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
/MWh
Ist-EEG
Netzlast
Band
Preis
Source: Holger Gassner,RWE Innogy,Thorsten Schneiders, E.ON Climate&Renewables, Christoph Weienborn,BDEW
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01.
05.2
009
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
01.
10.2
008
01.
11.2
008
01.
12.2
008
01.
01.2
009
01.
02.2
009
01.
03.2
009
01.
04.2
009
01.
06.2
009
01.
07.2
009
01.
08.2
009
01.
09.2
009
01.
10.2
009
01.
11.2
009
/ MWh
Times with negative prices increase
Tglicher Hchstpreis
Tglicher Tiefstpreis(rot falls negativ)
494.26
-500.02Source: Holger Gassner,RWE Innogy,Thorsten Schneiders, E.ON Climate&Renewables, Christoph Weienborn,BDEW
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Requirements for the future:Change of the Grids
Changes are required from a conventionalgrid to a new grid with:
1.Power Quality and Grid Management2.Wind energy and power plant scheduling3.Energy and Cost Management4.Energy and communication
5.Extension of the grid (Super grid)
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Energy supply structures are changing
Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISES, Kassel
Kohle Kernkraft Wasser
Hoch-
spannungs-netz
Mittel-spannungs-
netz
Nieder-
spannungs-netz
So far: conventionell gridCentral Large Power Plants
Designed for max. demand coverage
Constant tariffs no dependence on time of day
Clients are disconnected if required
No information at client sideabout grid impact
Strict Powerlimits for supplier
Hugh reserve margin required for unpredicted
grid equirements in case of power plant failure
Only one way control required
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Windpark
BZPV Wind BZPV KWK
Kohle Kernkraft Wasser
Future grids:
Additional decentralized supply
Demand coverage through trade
Tarifs are dependent on time of day
Demand and Supply optimisationthrough dialog and trade/pricing
Variable supply limits, dependingon actual grid load
Reserve margins reduced/
optimized through tradeBi-directional communicationand high information needs
Energy supply structures are changing
Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISES, Kassel
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Power
0 0 5 7 73
time
Decentralisedsupply
Consumer
ConventionellPower supply
Supply
Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISES, Kassel
Changing Supply and demand curves
Power-Quality- und Gridmanagement
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Predicted and observed (measured) wind power
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
07.07 08.07 09.07 10.07 11.07 12.07
Megawatts
prediction
observed
Wind energy and power plant schedulingare improved through forecast
Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISES, Kassel
Quality of windforecast todayIn Germany:
> 90% for48 h forecast
95% for3h forecast
=> EEX publishdaily wind and PVforecst for nextday
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Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISES, Kassel
Informationgrid
Power Grid
Effective Powwer (P)Effective Power (P) +
Reactive power compensation (cos ) + Reduction of distortion
Converter withFixed rotation:
Windpower
HydropowerRecipr. engines
P, cos , THDjP, cos , THDP, cos , THDP, cos , THDP jj
j
j
Fly wheelstoragewith bidirecc-
tionalConverters
Battery-storageswith bidirecc-tionalconverters
Converter withVariable rotation:
WindpowerHydropowerRecipr. enginesMicroturbines
Direct Converters
PhotovoltaikThermophoto-voltaicFuell Cells
Power-Quality- und Gridmanagement
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Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISET, Kassel
Month Day
Price
Absatz
Price
Absatz
Variable Power Tariffs Power Trading floor Leipzig LPX EEX
Energy and Cost Management
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Requirements:Optimization of grid integration
Overhead lines: seasonal standards and/or temperaturemonitoring
New storage systems (e.g. compressed air energy storage
power plants) Improved forecast of load and wind generation
Betterfeed-in management
Establishment of an intraday market
Demand side management
System Service Bonus
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System Service Bonus
Past:
Wind turbines had to be shut off when grid stability problemsoccured
Conventional power plants have to ensure grid stability if not
enough renewables are online.
Present and future:
Windpower turbines are sophisticated and increasingly able toprovide system services to contribute to the stability of the grid.
They have to remain connected in case of grid stabilityproblems.
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Finally: Large and extensive capacity Building on alllevels is required to cope with the energy future
In Germany are more60 universities/cities,where you can studydifferent aspects ofRenewable energy and
Energy Efficiency
Map shows location ofActor in RE education fromGerman DGS RE group:
We meet once a year anddiscuss required academicissues in RE education..
Source: Prof. K. Vajen, DGS University Group, Kassel
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Thank you for your kind attention!
Prof. Dr.Ing. Christoph Menke
University of Applied Science, Trier, Germany
Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Bangkok, Thailand
Senior Consultant for Renewable Energy Policy, GIZ GmbH, Germany
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]