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A Modular Approach to Demand Response and Ancillary Services
An Introduction to USNAP,ANSI/CTA2045 & ISO/IEC 101923
Chris KottingExecutive Director – USNAP Alliance
USNAP is...
An industry alliance bringing together customer equipment manufacturers, utility equipment vendors, aggregators, electric service companies, and utilities to develop and promote a modular communications interface to enable customer equipment communication and coordination for energy management and demand response.
A common name for a modular communications standard for gridinteractive devices, that includes the Physical through Presentation layers of the OSI Model, as well as other design parameters (such as case size and shape.)
Alphabet Soup...
USNAP is a common name, and an industry alliance supporting a published, open standard.
ANSI/CTA2045 is the formal designation of the standard in the US.
CEA2045 is what ANSI/CTA2045 was called before the Consumer Electronics Association changed its name to the Consumer Technology Association.
ISO/IEC 101923 is the formal designation of the standard internationally.
Four names, one standard.
Initial Development
Published by (now )
Pilots and Trials
Ongoing Development, Promotion, Testing & Certification
Relationship with EPRI and CTA
Traditional Demand Response
Herding Ducks is worse than Herding Cats
9/9/16
Other Demand Response Options...
Voltage and Frequency Regulation
Volt/VAR support
Renewables Integration
Making the Duck Curve less swaybacked.
Using equipment already in place as storage.
Flexible Microgridding
Variable Pricing
Is Retail Electric Demand Elastic?
Will customers change usage in response to price signals?
A recent survey paper* by the University of Hawaii shows short-run elasticity is generally between -0.1 and -0.6, with long run elasticity roughly double.*Available at: http://www.uhero.hawaii.edu/assets/TOURates_8-2.pdf
09/09/16
Yes!
Is Retail Electric Demand Elastic?
Can it be more elastic?
That same survey paper* showed that “…technologies that enable consumers to adjust their electricity usage automatically to prices (i.e., enabling technologies) play a critical role in increasing substitution elasticity values…”
*Available at: http://www.uhero.hawaii.edu/assets/TOURates_8-2.pdf
09/09/16
Yes!
Translated out of Economist…
The real potential of Demand Response won’t be reached until we have available;
• Simple,
• Consumer-Friendly,
• Non-Intrusive,
• Machine to Machine communication
all the way to the end device.09/09/16
Sidebar…
If you want to see the leading edge of Next Generation DR, you can watch the “usual suspects”, or…
Watch Hawaii• Already a series of microgrids with
Distributed Generation.
• 30% Renewables by 2020, 100% by 2045.
• They’re not doing it because they want to, but because they have to.
9/9/16
Hawaii’s Generation Mix
9/9/16
Hawaii’s Generation Mix
9/9/16
12% Doesn’t have to be shipped from the mainland
Shipped from the mainland & subject to hurricanes, varying shipping costs, dockworker strikes, etc., etc., etc.
88%
Open Automated Demand Response
Open Automated Demand Response (OpenADR) provides a non-proprietary, open standardized DR interface that allows electricity providers to communicate DR signals directly to existing customers using a common language and existing communications such as the Internet.
15
Source: LBNL
Pricing Data Models
Physical Communication
s
Control Strategies
Too Many Standards...
Too Many Choices
16
So, who cares?
The only real constant is change...
Comments heard at a recent IoT conference:
“Wireless technologies change every 5 years. In 5 years, we'll be doing something else... How are you going to handle that?”
“How many protocols will that modem need to be able to handle worldwide?”
“How do you warranty a WiFi ... inside a fridge? How do you support it? Do you really want to?”
Are “DR Things” “Internet of Things” Things?
Internet of Things vs.
Small, Low Power and/or Mobile
ExclusiveInteractiveThe market tolerates
reliability issuesThe market expects
rapid turnoverOooooh, Shiny!
Demand ResponseLarge, High Power Draw,
and StationaryCommonIgnored unless they breakThe market will not
tolerate reliability issuesThe market expects long
lifespanBoooooorinnnnng!
So, who cares?
“This is a great system! …”
“I wish I could watch my water heater with an App on my phone!”
...said nobody. Ever.
Using Customer Disengagement
There are many large loads in the home where the customer doesn't really care about how or when it does it's job, as long as it does it's job.Those loads are the keys to the real value of Demand Response, so let's let them do their jobs without bothering the customer.
Getting Stacked...
The OSI Model is a handy way to talk about different standards based on how (or whether) they answer certain questions:
7. What are you doing?
6. How do we describe that?
5. How do we manage politeness?
4. How do we manage traffic?
3. Who is talking to who?
2. How do we use the medium?
1. What is the physical medium?
7. Application
6. Presentation
5. Session
4. Transport
3. Network
2. Data Link
1. Physical
The questions themselves, or what we call them isn't that important for our discussion here:
What matters for our discussion is that every one of the standards out there answers one or more of these questions
differently
and those differences make them to one extent or another unable to work together.
Getting Stacked...
Back to the Stacks...
So, what happens...
… don't know how these people
Home Automation Service Provider Alarm System Utility Automaker etc.
are answering the questions?
7. Application
6. Presentation
5. Session
4. Transport
3. Network
2. Data Link
1. Physical
...when the people making these things…
Water Heater Air Conditioner Pool Pump Solar Inverter EV Charger etc.
So, who cares?
The Conundrum….I want to do DR, but which platform do I build for?
If I use a “cloud”, which one?
How many clouds will I have to deal with?
What happens tomorrow?
So, you've described a problem…
...what's the solution?
It's been done before...It's been done before...It's been done before...It's been done before...It's been done before...It's been done before...
Just as the Universal Serial Bus revolutionized the computer industry, creating a standard interface to connect any communications device to any computer...
...USNAP creates a standard interface to connect any Demand Response or Energy Management System to any customer equipment that uses, produces, or manages energy.
Back to the Stacks...
7. Application
USNAP API
USNAP Packet
USNAP Neg.
USNAP Link
USNAP Port
USNAP APITranslation
USNAPPhysical
PortAcceptsModules designedfor Any
Wired, orWirelessPlatform.
USNAPDevice
USNAPModule
Any Other Wired or Wireless Standard
5. Session
4. Transport
3. Network
2. Data Link
1. Physical
6. Presentation
In the Premise On the Grid
USNAP Msg.
Functions and CapabilitiesBasic Control
On / Off Customer Override Peak load and Emergency messages
Energy Price Current Price (Relative or Absolute) Time Interval
Advanced Messages Energy Resources
Available storage or output Ancillary Services Power level change
Ubiquitous Demand Response
The USNAP interface represents an opportunity for every significant electrical load in the home or small business to;
participate in Demand Response programs, provide control of peak demand, create demandside ancillary services, and create interaction with customer owned
generation and microgrids, at minimal cost to utilities and customers, flexibility
in implementation, and a “futureproof” solution, with few or no stranded assets.
Water Heater 101
09/09/16 Slide shamefully lifted form Conrad Eustis at PGE
Cold inHot Out
Upper Element
Lower Element
16 Gallons
34 Gallons
4 kWh
6.4 kWh
50 Gallon Resistive Water Heater
Typical 50 Gallon Resistive Water Heater
• Both elements are at same thermostat setting.
• Tries to keep all 50 gallons at same temperature.
• Sucks down 10 kWh to do it.
Water Heater 102
09/09/16 Slide shamefully lifted form Conrad Eustis at PGE
• Top element has priority• Cold water dense, stays on bottom• Basic Idea: Keep top third of tank
hot, let the rest cycle.• Cycle heating on bottom element
for load control• For renewables response:
• 0 to 650 watts available entire 24 hours
• For load shift:• 1,200 watts for 6 hours
• These are shifts down or up• If you can shift load up to heat
water for later use, it’s a battery.
Cold inHot Out
Upper Element
Lower Element
16 Gallons
34 Gallons
4 kWh
6.4 kWh
50 Gallon Resistive Water Heater
The Water Heating Playbook
“Electric water heaters are essentially preinstalled thermal batteries that are sitting idle in more than 50 million homes across the U.S. By heating the water in the tank to store thermal energy, water heaters can be controlled in realtime to shift electricity consumption.... Further, recent technological advancements have enabled “grid interactive water heaters” to be controlled over very short time intervals and with near instantaneous response, allowing them to provide frequency regulation and other grid balancing services ....”
“The Hidden Battery: Opportunities in Electric Water Heating” Pg. i
Where the dollars are
“The Hidden Battery: Opportunities in Electric Water Heating” Pg. Iii – Based on 2014 PJM data
Where the dollars are
“The Hidden Battery: Opportunities in Electric Water Heating” Pg. Iii – Based on 2014 PJM data
~$200Incremental
Cost Increase(Payback in the first year)
~$1,000Incremental
Cost Increase(13-15 yearPayback)
So, back to those claims…
at minimal cost to utilities and customers, The Water Heater example gives us some
pretty clear idea. flexibility in implementation,
Modularity is inherently flexible (think USB ports).
and a “future-proof” solution, with few or no stranded assets. When communications platforms change, you’re
swapping a module, not a water heater.
09/09/16
Not Just Water Heating...
Siemens Versacharge SG
Scheduled charging, User and Utility control.
Continuously variable charge rate.
Charge rate ramps down or up.
0.5% Accuracy metering (Can be tuned for more accuracy)
USNAP DC Module.
This is real, right now.
What else?
Implementations of USNAP are in some stage of development (initial planning through commercial availability) for the following types of Residential and Small Commercial equipment:
EV Chargers (Siemens, and others’) SplitSystem Ductless Air Conditioners Window Air Conditioners Solar Inverters Resistive Space Heating Energy Storage BackUp Generation
Questions?
Thank You!
Barry HaaserProgram Administrator
[email protected]+1 408 778 8370
Rolf BienertTechnical Director
[email protected]+1 925 336 0239
Chris KottingExecutive Director
[email protected]+1 614 657-6483
