Chris BoothWorld History 9

EFFECTS OF NATIONALISM &

LIBERALISM IN 19TH CENTURY EUROPE

CHAPTER 24

Start this immediately when the bell rings on a separate sheet of paper.

Q. What is a good American? Explain what that means and give me an example…

CONNECTOR

p. 680 in text1.What values and goals of your new country do you want to show?

2.Will your symbols represent your country’s past or future?

2ND CONNECTOR

Shared traditions, customs, heritage, language, religion,…Those ideas that separate one group of people from

another…shared identity Pride in who you are, where you’re from

WHAT IS NATIONALISM?

Representative governmentsConstitutionsRights of the people

WHAT DO LIBERALS WANT?

What do nationalists want?

• An independent country of their own• Self-determination

“When France sneezed, the

rest of Europe

caught cold” Prince Klemen von

Metternich

Cause of many revolutions Successful:

Greece, 1829• (Independence from Ottoman Empire)

Belgium, 1830• Must remain neutral

Unsuccessful 1830s: Italy, Germany, Austria (disorganized and fragmented) 1848: Italy, Germany, Austria (disorganized and fragmented) Crushed by the Concert of Europe

Weakened Empires Austria becomes Austria-Hungary (Dual Monarchy) or the

Austro-Hungarian Empire (Separated at end of WWI) Ottoman Empire loses the Balkan Peninsula and parts of

North Africa (Dissolved after WWI-only Turkey remains)Causes Empires to become even more autocratic

Russia: Russification, pograms aimed at Jews

NATIONALISM IN 19TH CENTURY EUROPE

• Otto von Bismarck-Conservative Junker– “iron and blood” Chancellor?– Ignored Parliament & Constitution and fought wars

– Three wars1.Denmark-win border provinces2.Austria (Seven Weeks War) Superior training

and equipment3.France (Franco-Prussian War) Why? Southern

Germans were Catholics and made France look bad

– Industrialization– Heavy industry and railroads. Q. What did this

create?– Wealth for government and for people

• Kaiser Wilhelm I of Prussia• Named Emperor of Second Reich. What was

first?• Holy Roman Empire. What was third?• The Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler

UNIFICATION OF GERMANY

Count Camillo de Cavour Prime Minister of Sardinia -

SUCCESS1.Industrialized to keep up with the

rest of Europe

2.Expanded Empire through war with Austria

1. Gained Lombardy in North Giuseppe Garibaldi & the Red

Shirts1.Unified southern Italy and Sicily2.Joined forces with Cavour3.Unified Venice, Rome, and Papal

States Pope demanded that Vatican City be

totally independent of Italy Italy becomes a constitutional

monarchy Victor Emmanuel II

UNIFICATION OF ITALY

• Push: –When a region, empire,

country has many ethnic groups who are forced to “live together” rivalries may occur • Voice in the government• “haves” vs. “have-nots”

– economic strength• Prejudices,

discrimination, scapegoats . . .

–Can tear a region apart

• Pull–When common goals

are present within an ethnic group, nationalism can draw people to cooperate with each other to achieve those goals–Common threat,

natural disasters

PUSH-PULL FACTORS OF NATIONALISM

1. What are the top 3 reasons you believe Italy and Germany unified their countries?

Nationalism – shared culture, history, language, etc Industrialization – Creates wealth Strong leadership and partnership with other leaders in country

2. How can nationalism be both a unifying force and a disunifying force?

Unifying – unite people of same ethnic group, same beliefs Disunifying – separate people along ethnic lines, cause

persecution of certain groups

REVIEW

EUROPE IN 1871