CHP Plant based on a Hybrid Biomass and Solar System of the Next

BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH

Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz, Austria

TEL.: +43 (316) 481300; FAX: +43 (316) 4813004 E-MAIL: [email protected]

HOMEPAGE: http://www.bios-bioenergy.at

CHP Plant based on a Hybrid Biomass and Solar System

of the Next Generation

EU project No. ENER/FP7/249800/"SUNSTORE 4"

Dipl.-Ing. Alfred Hammerschmid

BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH

Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz

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Contents

EU project: aims

History of district heating in Marstal

Overall plant design

Plant units

Operation mode of the system



3

Aims

SUNSTORE 4 is an awarded large-scale demonstration project within the

EU's 7th frame program (theme 5 – Energy)

Demonstration of a 100 % renewable energy system for district heating

Based on an already existing system the future SUNSTORE 4 district

heating installation should achieve a significant solar fraction (in the

range of 50%) in combination with long term heat storage with heat

production costs between 3-6 -cent per kWh

Additionally a biomass CHP plant based on an ORC and a CO2

compressor driven heat pump will be integrated in order to cover the

remaining heat demand

The biomass fuel will be willow from short rotation directly planted

around the project site (Island of Aero - DK) in the near future



4

Plant location (I)

MARSTAL

solar-biomass-CHP-plant



5

Consortium within the EU project

No. Partner name Country Main task

1 Marstal Fjernvarme a.m.b.a. Denmarkproject coordinator and plant erector/operator;

dissemination northern/western Europe

2 SUNMARK A/S Denmark supplier of solar collectors

3 Euro Therm A/S Denmark supplier of biomass boiler system

4 Advansor Denmark supplier of heat pump

5 Steinbeis Innovation GmbH Germany long term monitoring

6 Energy Management AB Sweden european level concept study

7 BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Austriaengineering of ORC and thermal oil system;

optimisation of biomass boiler (CFD)

8 Euroheat & Power Belgium dissemination European level

9 CityPlan spol. s r.o. Czech Rep. dissemination eastern Europe

10 Ambiente Italia Italy dissemination southern Europe

11 PlanEnergi Denmark technical consultant



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Overview about the existing installation

Steel heat storage tank Pit heat storage Solar plant

Bio-oil boilers



7

Key facts of Marstal Fjernvarme

Key facts of Marstal Fjernvarme:

Established in 1962

Company is a “Cooperative” –> heat consumer owned

1,500 heat consumers

35 km network of pipes for district heating supply

Thermal solar coverage ~ 25-30 % of the total heat production

2,100 t/a bio-oil consumption (by-products from food industry)



8

Existing installation at Marstal Fjernvarme

Existing energy system of Marstal Fjernvarme:

18,300 m solar system

18.3 MWth (total) bio-oil boilers

10,340 m pilot pit heat storage

3,500 m sand storage

2,100 m steel heat storage

Annual heat production,

in total 28,000 MWh (2009)

Bio-oil boilers

Wet scrubber after bio-oil boilers



9

Marstal heat production in 2008

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

months

heat

pro

du

cti

on

[M

Wh

] bio-oil

solar



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Plant overview of SUNSTORE 4

1

2

4 3

5

Explanations: 1 existing solar plant; 2 existing pit heat storage; 3 area for new solar plant; 4 area

for new pit heat storage; 5 area for new biomass CHP plant and connection of existing and new plant



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Principle hydronic system of SUNSTORE 4

Heat

Pump

Pit heat storage

Solar plant

10°C

80°C

ORC

Flue gas condensation

Biomass

boiler

thermal oil

300°C

250°C

35°C

80°C

DH

Existing

plant

biomass fuel

Cyclone



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New system units of SUNSTORE 4

The project involves the following new units:

15,000 m of solar collectors

4 MWth biomass thermal-oil boiler fired with willow from SRF

1 MWth flue gas condensation unit

750 kWel ORC

1.5 MWth CO2 compressor driven heat pump

75,000 m pit heat storage



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Heat production of different units in future operation

Heat production unit Heat production

[MWh/a]

Existing solar plant 7,100

New solar plant (15,000 m ) 6,400

Solar production total 13,500

Existing heat pump 200

New heat pump (1.5 MWth) 1,000

Heat pumps total 1,200

ORC 14,500

Flue gas condensation 4,800

Biomass total 19,300

Heat losses existing storages - 600

Heat losses new storage - 2,200

Heat losses storages total - 2,800

Peak load oil boiler 700

Total energy supply to district heating 31,900



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Scheme of new pit heat storage

Total water volume: 75,000 m (distances in mm)



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Biomass combustion plant including heat recovery



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Biomass fuel – Danish willow

After harvesting After chipping



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Biomass fuel analysis – Danish willow

- Analyses show that the chemical

composition of willow is between typical

wood chips and bark.

- The detailed combustion behaviour has

been pre-determined by lab-scale

combustion tests.

- CFD based design of the biomass

combustion system and of the radiative

section of the thermal oil boiler will

support an optimised furnace and boiler

design for this fuel at low emissions.

GCV measured MJ/kg (d.b.) 18.80

GCV measured MJ/kg (d.b.) a.f 19.03

NCV calculated MJ/kg (w.b.) 7.37

Sintering temperature °C 1,080

Sphere temperature °C 1,140

Hemisphere temperature °C 1,190

Flow temperature °C 1,210

Moisture Content wt% (w.b.) 51.71

C wt% d.b. 48.39

H wt% d.b. 6.04

N wt% d.b. 0.29

S mg/kg d.b. 252

Cl mg/kg d.b. 38

F mg/kg d.b. 5

Si mg/kg d.b. 200

Ca mg/kg d.b. 4,190

Mg mg/kg d.b. 352

Al mg/kg d.b. 20

P mg/kg d.b. 733

Fe mg/kg d.b. 10

Mn mg/kg d.b. 21

K mg/kg d.b. 2,400

Na mg/kg d.b. 56

Zn mg/kg d.b. 70.20

Pb mg/kg d.b. 0.06

Cd mg/kg d.b. 1.32

Cu mg/kg d.b. 3.19

V mg/kg d.b. 0.02

Cr mg/kg d.b. 0.36

Co mg/kg d.b. 0.07

Ni mg/kg d.b. 0.73

As mg/kg d.b. 1.33

Mo mg/kg d.b. 0.04

Sb mg/kg d.b. 0.02

Ba mg/kg d.b. 4.87

Hg mg/kg d.b. 0.20

Tl mg/kg d.b. 0.02

Ash content (550°C) wt% d.b. 1.67



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Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)

Thermal oil cycle and ORC 700 kWel ORC plant in Lofer (Austria)



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CO2 compressor driven heat pump

Multi-compressor high-pressure heat pump with CO2 as refrigerant

(Source: Advansor)

COP (coefficient of performance) is very sensible on the inlet temperature on the hot

water circuit (corresponds with the gas cooler outlet temperature) but can reach very high

hot water outlet temperatures (~ 80°C) without a reduction of COP. In Sunstore 4 the

temperatures are: inlet 35°C, outlet 80°C



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Future operation mode (I)

The main target is to substitute the costly bio-oil heat production during

winter

The solar system will produce the main part of its heat production

between spring and autumn

CO2 compressor driven heat pump

• Utilises low temperature energy from the bottom of the heat storage

• Heat capacity of the pit heat storage will be increased due to larger temperature

difference

• Efficiency of the solar system will be increased due to lower inlet temperature

from the bottom of the pit heat storage

• Reduction of heat losses in the pit heat storage due to lower average

temperature

• The operation of the heat pump takes place mainly at the end of the winter

season in order to optimise the solar efficiency and the solar yields



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Future operation mode (II)

The biomass CHP system will manage the differences between solar

production and heat demand mainly from autumn to spring

The flue gas condensation unit and the ORC are connected in serial in

order to reach a high efficiency for both systems

• the supply temperature of the flue gas condensation unit can be kept very low

which allows a high efficiency for this system

• the electric efficiency of the ORC is mainly defined by the relatively low district

heating supply temperature of 80°C

The estimated electricity production from the ORC will be about

3,000 MWh/a

The estimated electricity own demand for the plant including the heat

pump is calculated to be about 1,500 MWh/a. Thus the whole plant will

be a net producer of green electricity



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Further facts of the EU project

Project budget: 15.1 Mio.

EU funding: 6.1 Mio.

Project duration: 4 years (48 month) – started July 2010

The project will be disseminated to 10 EU countries with the aim to

shortly establish 20 similar facilities in Europe. The countries are

Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Poland,

Spain, Sweden and England.

The goal for 2020 is to achieve a thermal capacity of 0.9 - 1.8 GWth

leading to an annual heat production of 2-4 PJ/a based on this new

hybrid biomass / solar solution within the EU.



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Thank you for your attention Dipl.-Ing. Alfred Hammerschmid

Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz, Austria

TEL.: +43 (316) 481300; FAX: +43 (316) 4813004

E-MAIL: [email protected]

HOMEPAGE: http://www.bios-bioenergy.at

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CHP Plant based on a Hybrid Biomass and Solar System of the Next