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Welcome to the Colby-Sawyer CollegeInformation Literacy Tutorial

This tutorial is designed to teach you how to start your research, how to find the best sources and how to properly cite them.

Please send all feedback to Carrie Thomas, College [email protected]

This tutorial was modeled after thePilot Information Literacy Tutorial Healey Library, U Mass., Boston.

http://www.lib.umb.edu/WebTutorial/Many thanks to them for allowing us to use it.

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.lib.umb.edu/WebTutorial/

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Getting Started

Finding Books

Finding Articles

Finding Websites

Obtaining Materials

Citations & Plagiarism

Evaluation of Sources

QuizzesSee Blackboard

Choose a TutorialChoose a Tutorial

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Getting Started

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Getting Started with research

After completing this module, you will be able to:

State a TopicRefine a TopicIdentify Keywords and ConceptsCreate Search Strategies

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Begin Chapter One

CONTENTS

• Select a Topic

• Refine a Topic

• Develop a Research Question

• Organize a search strategy

• Refine or limit a search

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Beginning your Research

A research topic should be: •Manageable : Do some preliminary investigative work to see if there's too much (or too little) information on the topic you've selected.

•Related to your personal interests : Choose a topic related to your personal interests. It's likely that you'll put more effort into researching a topic that piques your curiosity and more effort can mean a better grade.

Selecting a topic:Usually your professor will assign a topic to research. However, there are times a professor will ask that you select a research topic of your own. This can be difficult if you don't have any direction. Here are some tips to help you get started,

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Get your feet wet!

If you are just starting research in a totally new area, you might want to get some background information on the

field first. You can investigate sources such as these for ideas:

CQ Researcher

Subject Encyclopedias

Websites World InfoZone Hot Paper Topics Speech and Term Paper Topics

http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/




http://www.worldinfozone.com/

http://library.sau.edu/bestinfo/Hot/hotindex.htm

http://library.sau.edu/bestinfo/Hot/hotindex.htm

http://www.csulb.edu/library/subj/Paper%20Topics/hottopics/hottopicsindex.htm

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REFINING A TOPIC

When refining a topic you need to think about the scope of your subject. If you are writing a short or medium length paper you can not cover a huge topic adequately.

If your topic is too broad, you will be overwhelmed with information: Conversely, if your topic is too narrow you will be frustrated trying to find information.

Ask yourself these questions:

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Too Broad or Too Narrow

Is my topic too broad?

Too Broad Narrower

Domestic abuse

Prevention programs for domestic abusers

Psychological impact of abuse on children

Abuse and teenage mothers

Is my topic too narrow?

Too Narrow Broader

What is the effect of cigarette advertising on anorexic teenage girls?

Cigarette advertising and teenagers

Advertising and body image

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Exercise in Determining ScopeHow widespread is drug abuse among adolescents today?

Too Broad

Too Narrow

Manageable

How does trade affect the economy?

Too Broad

Too Narrow

Manageable

What is the average air speed velocity of the un-laden swallow?

Too Broad

Too Narrow

Manageable

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Developing a Research QuestionState your topic in the form of a question so it’s easier to identify the

main concepts

Research Question Main ConceptsWhat health effects are associated

with polluted drinking water?•Health effects•Water•Pollution

Try this fun exercise in finding the main topics!

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Exercise In Finding The Main TopicsHow many college students are engaged in binge drinking today?

Alcoholism

Binge Drinking

College Students

How does education play a role in reducing the recidivism rate of juvenile offenders?

Juvenile Education

Gang Violence

Recidivism

What have been the results of various sign language experiments with chimpanzees?

Sign Language

Animal Testing

Monkey Brains

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To be sure you have located all the resources available on a topic, check for synonyms of your main concepts

Water •Rivers•Lakes•Oceans•Bays•Harbors

Pollution •Pollutants

•Waste

•Sewage

•Runoff

•Acid rain

•Oil spills

Risk Factors •Disease

•Reactions

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Further RefinementThese techniques work in most databases and on the web

Phrase Searching Use “ ” or select as a phrase in a pull down menu.

Examples: “acid rain” , “Martin Luther King”

Nesting Use Parentheses ( ) to nest search terms.

Example:

(bay or harbor) and pollution

Truncation Use a symbol to search work variants.

Truncation symbols vary but the CSC Library catalog uses the *

Examples:

Pollut* = pollution, pollutants, polluting

Limiters Often you can limit your results by date, type of publication (article, dissertation), language or other factors

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Congratulations!!

You are done with this chapter!

Please exit to the Blackboard site to review the quiz questions.

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Finding Books

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Finding Books

After completing the chapter you will be able to:

Discover what books the Library owns by searching the online catalog

Understand several ways to locate books.

Learn Title and Subject searching

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THE LIBRARY CATALOG

A Library Catalog is a database of the books, newspapers, magazines and journals ( NOT articles) the Library owns. This catalog, like the other web based tools we will show

you, is available 24/7.

See the Library Catalog link upper left

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This is the opening page of the CSC Library Catalog.

"All Title Browse" is the first choice offered but you can search by author, subject or other variables by clicking on the arrow.

There are many ways to search the catalog... click here to see....

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SELECTING A SEARCH METHOD

These are some of the options available on the Basic Search screen.

Choose... Title - (Browse or Keyword) If you know a title of a book

Author - (Browse or Keyword) If you know an author of a book

Serial Title - (Browse) If you're looking to see if the library subscribes to a periodical

Subject - (Browse or Keyword) If you need to look for a subject

We will focus on these 2 search techniques: •Title

•Subject

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Doing an All Title Browse search for the word "environment" brings up 25 titles where the word environment is the first significant word in the title (ignoring the initial A, An or The in a title).

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All the information you need to find the book on the library shelves and to cite it in a bibliography is listed here.

The section of the library where the book is shelved

See explanation of call numbers later

If book is checked out the date due back will appear here

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A Title Keyword search for "environment" produces 236 results. As you can see - the word "environment" may occur anywhere in the title, not as just the first word.

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Let's try another type of search. If you don't know the title of a book but want to find any books about a topic -You can do a Subject Keyword Search

You will use this search when looking for books on a topic or subject.

When you run a subject keyword search for the words "violence" and "mass media" - you come up with a list of 13 titles the library owns that have those terms in the titles or subject headings - let’s see how that works…

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Let’s look at title # 2 – “Where do you draw the line?”

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When you click on the title, the catalog record shows that the book is available.

The left hand side of the page gives you the opportunity to look at more titles by this author or other books in related subjects.

Clicking on Mass media - censorship

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Brings you to 4 other titles, two of which did not show up in the earlier search!!

In this way you can move around in the catalog finding other titles that may be useful to you.

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CALL NUMBERS

Every book in the CSC Library has a unique number assigned to it. Think of that "call number" as the address that allows you to locate the book.

A call number is actually a code of letters and numbers used to identify the subject matter of a particular item, and its exact location on the shelf.

The material in the CSC Library is classified according to the Library of Congress (L.C.) Classification System.

Click here for a brief look at an outline of the "L.C." classification system

The call number can be found on a label on the spine of a book. It will look something like this:QA General Subject Area

76.64 More Specific Subject Area

.S72 Author Or Title

1996 Year Published

Lets see how well you do deciphering a catalog record

Now try the Chapter 2 Quiz

http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcco/lcco.html

http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcco/lcco.html

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In order to locate a book, you must understand how the numbers are filed. In the examples below, the call numbers are arranged as they would be on the shelf - from left to right....

Find the classification letter, then the number:

Q Q QA QA

101 115 76 76.64

.M39 .S82 .H67 .N497

1985 1975 1992 1986

The second section of the call number is the Cutter number which is used to indicate the author or title.Cutter numbers (like classification numbers) are filed first alphabetically, then numerically.However, since they follow a decimal point - they are in decimal order.

LA LA LA LA

278 278 278 278

.B6 .B615 .B69 .C7

1992 1989 1985 1976

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Congratulations!!



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Finding Articles

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Finding ArticlesAfter completing this module, you will be able to:

1. Identify a popular magazine and a scholarly journal 2. Learn where to find periodical indexes and how to choose which one to

use 3. Use periodical indexes to find articles on a topic 4. Find the articles and journals in the CSC Library

.

Contents •What are Periodicals? •Scholarly Journals vs. Popular Magazines •Using Indexes to locate articles •Print Indexes •Deciphering index information •Finding Articles using Citation Information •Requesting Articles from Other Libraries

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WHAT ARE PERIODICALS? Colby Sawyer College Library subscribes to 600 periodicals in paper format and has access to another thousand or so in electronic format.

Periodicals include journals, magazines and newspapers that are published at regular or periodic intervals (daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, etc.).

Articles provide: •Up to date information •Information specific to your topic •Research studies •Opinions on current issues •References to other sources •Current Statistics •Book, film and music reviews

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Scholarly Journals vs. Popular Magazines

Scholarly Journals

•Are written by scholars in a particular field

•Have bibliographies and/or cite sources

•Report original research (not personal opinions)

•Use a specialized vocabulary •Are often "peer reviewed" or

“refereed” which means approved by a group of experts

Popular Magazines:

•Are targeted toward a general audience

•Often have a good deal of advertising

•Rarely include references to other works

•Written by journalists and staff writers

•Can include opinions on current issues

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Popular Magazine Article Titles

•Try to catch the reader's attention •Are often short and funny •Can sound like a newspaper headline

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Scholarly Journal articles:•Tend to be more specific•Can be quite long•Describe the subject being discussed

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How do I tell the difference?

• Scholarly Journals often have titles that include the words: Journal, Quarterly, Studies, Review, Bulletin

• Sometimes you need to look though the periodical to determine it's nature.

Quiz: Scholarly vs. Popular magazines

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Scholarly vs. Popular

A scholarly journal is one that is read mostly by specialists in the field

True

FalseIs the “New England Journal of Medicine” considered a scholarly or a popular journal?

Scholarly

Popular“US News and World Report” is considered…? Scholarly

Popular“Rolling Stone” is considered…? Scholarly

Popular“Quarterly Review of Sociology” is considered…? Scholarly

Popular

`

You will need to use an index to locate an article on a particular topic...

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USING ONLINE INDEXES TO LOCATE JOURNAL ARTICLES

What is an online periodical index?

•Gives you keyword access to the articles published in journals

•Lists the basic information you need to find the article and to cite it in a bibliography or footnote (Journal Title, Article Title and Author, Volume, Date, Page Numbers)

•Sometimes includes an abstract or summary of the article and sometimes includes the full text of the article.

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Finding the right index:

•On the Information Resources Library Homepage click on "Online Databases"

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Clicking on the "Online Databases" linkOpens this page listing all the databases the library

carriesEach entry has a brief explanation of the contents

of that database.

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PRINT INDEXESMost online indexes have limited coverage - only the last 20

years or so. Where do you look if you want to find??Where do you look if you want to find??

* A journal article published during the Great Depression of the 1930's ?

* A war correspondent's tales of World War II? * A spectator's account of the Civil Rights protests of the

1960's?

Printed and bound journal indexes have been published since the late 1800's so you can use them to find articles printed

over a century ago. These volumes can be found in the Reference section of the library on the main floor.

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Examples of print indexes: •Art Index •Readers Guide to Periodical Literature •Book Review IndexWhether you are looking in a print or online journal index, the principles of citation deciphering are the same...

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DECIPHERING INDEX INFORMATION

Index entries come in three forms:

Basic CitationCitation with AbstractCitation with Full Text

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BASIC CITATION

Contains all the information you need to locate an article in the library and to cite an article in a bibliography.It includes basic information such as:

•article title •author(s) •journal title •publication date •volume and issue numbers •page numbers

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CITATION WITH ABSTRACT

•Includes all the basic information as before plus a summary or abstract (length and detail depends on the index or database) •Abstracts help you determine if an article is really related to your topic. They can also help you determine the scope of the article (scholarly, opinion piece, etc.).

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CITATION WITH FULL TEXT

•Includes all the information as before plus the entire text and sometimes all photos from the article.

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ACADEMIC SEARCH PREMIERIs one of the more popular databases or online indexes The Basic Search

Screen has one window to fill in with a keyword or phrase

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Advanced Search ScreenGives you three windows to fill in with keywords, author names, journal titles, or subject headings

Click here to try the online EBSCOHost tutorial

http://support.epnet.com/CustSupport/Tutorials/Tutorials.asp

http://support.epnet.com/CustSupport/Tutorials/Tutorials.asp

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IF IT'S NOT AVAILABLE IN FULL-TEXT - DOES THE LIBRARY OWN IT?

Let's say you found the following citation in a periodical index:

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Don't assume that because you are using one of our databases, that we have every article listed. Periodical indexes don't always

tell you if the library has a particular journal. But, they do give you all the information you need to find the article such as:

•Journal title •Volume and date

•Starting page

With this information, you can search the CSC Library Catalog to see:

•If the library currently subscribes to the journal •If the library has back issues, including the one you need

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Search the Library Catalog •Use the "Serial Title Browse" search function to search for the journal title.

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The library owns "Conservation Biology" from 1994 to the present. The December 2003 issue you need will be shelved on Level 1

Learn what to do when the library doesn't seem to have what you need...

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WHAT IF THE LIBRARY DOESN'T OWN IT?

The Colby-Sawyer College Library doesn't own every journal. If you can't find a copy of the article

•Electronically in full-text •Here in the library in paper or on microfilm

That doesn't mean you can't get a copy of the article.

You can:1. Check with a Reference Librarian to see if there is another library in the

area that has the journal. 2. Request the article from Interlibrary Loan

You'll learn more about obtaining materials not held by the CSC Library in chapter five: Obtaining Materials

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Congratulations!!



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Finding Websites

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Finding Websites


•Define the Internet and World Wide Web •Successfully use Internet resources for research •Evaluate Internet resources

Contents

•Internet Terminology •URL Basics

•What's on the web? •Search Engines

•Subject Directories •The Invisible Web

•Subject Guides •Web Site Evaluation

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INTERNET TERMINOLOGY

What is the Internet? The Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers. This vast network of networks permits its users to exchange

electronic mail, transfer files of texts, images, and sounds, and run

programs on remote hosts . What is the World Wide Web? The Web consists of files (called pages, home pages, or web

pages) containing links to documents and resources throughout the Internet.

The Web relies primarily on hypertext as its means of information retrieval.

What is a web page? A web page is a file that is viewable by a web browser. It may contain links to other pages, images, sound files . A collection of web pages is usually called a web site.

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1.. Protocol

All Web addresses begin with http which stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol, the set of standards used by computers to transfer hypertext files (Web pages) over the Internet.

URL BASICS

Each page on the Web has a unique address called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The URL gives you a general idea of where the resource originates and who is responsible for creating it.

The address also hints at the type of resource and whether or not it will be of value to you.

Let's look at the following sample URL, which is the address for the library's resource page:

http:// www.colby-sawyer.edu /information/index.html 1 2 3

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2. Domain

This section identifies the computer on which the Web page is located. From this information, you can determine the entity which supports that computer, as well as the general type of organization that entity is.www indicates that this computer is acting as a Web server. colby-sawyer is the college's domain name edu is the top level domain - it tells us what type of organization is running the website

URL BASICS



Let's look at the following sample URL, which is the address for the library's resource page:


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3.. Path

The last part of the URL is the path . The domain has identified one computer out of the millions of computers connected to the Internet, but it's the path that pinpoints one specific file on that computer.

In our example, the path is information/index This tells us that we are looking in a directory (or folder) on the host computer called "information" and the filename is '"index"

The . html is known as a file extension and tells us what type of file it is. In this case, it's a hypertext file (web page).

URL BASICS



Let's look at the following sample URL, which is the address for the library's resource page :


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TOP LEVEL DOMAINS

Below are four major categories of Web sites which can be distinguished by the top-level domain.

DOMAIN ADDRESS WEBSITE

.edu= educational institution

http://www.harvard.edu

.com=Commercial site

http://www.microsoft.com

.org=Organization or association

http://www.ama-assn.org

.gov=Federal government site

http://www.fbi.gov

http://www.harvard.edu/

http://www.microsoft.com/

http://www.microsoft.com/

http://www.ama-assn.org/

http://www.ama-assn.org/

http://www.fbi.gov/

http://www.fbi.gov/

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There are other less-common top-level domains as well, such as .mil (military) and .net (network access provider).And some new domains coming into use: .biz (businesses) and .museum

You will also occasionally see two-letter codes at the end of the domain. These are country codes, which have been assigned to identify and locate files stored on host computers in countries around the world. Some examples:

.ca = canada

.uk = united kingdom

.de = germany

.mx = mexico

.au = australia

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What’s on the webThe web is currently estimated to contain billions of documents. It is not

indexed in any standard vocabulary (unlike a library's catalogs which assign Library of Congress subject headings to their documents). This fact can make finding relevant information very difficult.

The web is useful if you are searching for…

•Government information: state, national, and international •Statistics; brief reports; and studies •News and current events; press releases •Information on educational institutions, companies, and non-profit

organizations •Directions, schedules, addresses and phone numbers

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How do you find a relevant web site?

Unless you already know the address or URL of a web page, you will have a hard time finding what you need on the web.

To find information, you need a search tool. These search tools allow you to search or browse the web in a variety of ways.

Types of Search Tools

Search Engine Subject Directory

Invisible Web Subject Guide

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SEARCH ENGINES

A Search Engine is a program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found.

Use a search engine when...

•You have a narrow or obscure topic or idea to research •You are looking for a specific site •You want to search the full text of millions of pages •You want to retrieve a LARGE number of documents on your topic

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Search Engine Characteristics:

Searches the full-text of selected Web pages •Search by keyword •No browsing, no subject categories •Databases compiled by "spiders" (computer-robot programs) with

minimal human oversight •Size varies from small and specialized to over 90% of the indexable Web.

Popular Search Engines:

Google

Alta Vista

Hot Bot

Ask

http://www.google.com/

http://www.altavista.com/

http://www.altavista.com/

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SEARCH ENGINES - SAMPLE SEARCH

More search engine tips...

•Different search engines will give you different results. Try more than one. •Use + in front of a word or phrase that must be included in your results, or a - in front of words that you don't want to be in your results. •If you are looking for a specific phrase, enclose it in quotation marks.

Search Format Examples: "victorian literature" +"Martin Luther King Jr." +childhood +bass -fishing

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GOOGLE search engine

The Google search engine is one of the most powerful tools for searching the web. It will list the web sites that are the most popular (the ones with the most links to them) first. These are usually the higher quality web sites.

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Other Search Tips:

If you are searched for pictures try clicking on the "Images" tab in Google

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If you get too many results - try the Advanced Search Screen

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SUBJECT DIRECTORIES

A Subject Directory is a service that offers a collection of links to Internet resources submitted by site creators or evaluators and organized into subject categories.

Directory services use selection criteria for choosing links to include, though the selectivity varies among services.

Most directories include a search engine mechanism to query the service.

You should use a subject directory when...You should use a subject directory when...

•You have a broad topic or idea to research •You want to see a pre-selected list of sites on your topic that are recommended or annotated by experts •You want to avoid viewing low-content or low quality documents

that often turn up on search engines

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Subject Directory Characteristics:

Hand-selected sites picked by editors, more or less carefully •Organized into hierarchical subject categories •Some directories are annotated with descriptions •Browse subject categories or search using broad, general terms

Popular Subject Directories

Yahoo

About.com Librarian's Index

http://www.yahoo.com/

http://www.yahoo.com/

http://www.about.com/

http://www.about.com/

http://www.lii.org/

http://www.lii.org/

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INVISIBLE WEB (SEARCHABLE DATABASES)

You should use the invisible web when.. .

•You want dynamically changing content such as the latest news, job postings, available airline flights, etc.

•You want to find information that is normally stored in a database, such as phone book listings, directories of lawyers, collections of laws, etc.

• The CSC library subscribes to many databases that will lead you to articles, statistics, marketing information and other research needs. See the links under “Online Databases”

For further explanations of the Invisible Web – see the Berkeley tutorial at: http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/InvisibleWeb.html

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SUBJECT GUIDES Web pages of collections of hypertext links on a subject

You may locate subject guides with searches in both subject directories and search engines.

You should use a subject directory when...

•You want a list of sites that have been compiled and evaluated by "expert" subject specialists.

•We have compiled a list of subject directories useful to CSC students under:

" Research Links" on the library's web site

Other Subject Guides

• Argus Clearinghouse

• Suite 101.com

• Academic Info

http://www.colby-sawyer.edu/information/library/resources/links.html

http://www.clearinghouse.net/

http://www.clearinghouse.net/

http://www.suite101.com/

http://www.suite101.com/

http://www.academicinfo.net/

http://www.academicinfo.net/

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HOW TO EVALUATE WEB INFORMATION

Unlike journal articles and books that go through an editorial process and peer review, anyone at a computer can publish a Web site. To critically evaluate a site, do the following:

Determine the site's purpose •Is it to inform, to present opinions, to report research or sell a product? •For what audience is it intended?

Identify the site's author •Are qualifications, experience, and/or institutional affiliation given? •Look for a "Contact Us" button or a homepage link to identify the web site's author(s) •Determine who supports the site. government sites end in ".gov" non-profit organizations end in ".org" university sites end in ".edu" commercial sites end in ".com"

Information from a site labeled with the domain names ".org" or ".edu" may Information from a site labeled with the domain names ".org" or ".edu" may provide a different viewpoint than information from a site labeled ".com" willprovide a different viewpoint than information from a site labeled ".com" will.

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Consider the site's authority •Does the web site contain documented facts or personal opinion? •Beware of personal pages - those with a ~ (tilde) in the URL. •Are sources of information cited? Does the site look as if it's been created by a professional (no typos, spelling errors or messiness)? •Has the information on the page been transcribed from another source? If yes, this indicates second-hand information; check the original source. Did you get to this site via a link from a site you know and trust?

Check the site's timeliness •Is the content up to date? Is the date of creation or most recent revision clearly shown? •Are all the links on the page current or are there many dead ends?

Consider the site's content •What aspect of your topic does the site not cover? Can you use this site to support a position you plan to take in your paper? •How are the links on the site's pages relevant and appropriate to the purpose of the site?

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EXAMPLES OF GOOD & BAD WEBSITES

EXAMPLE ONE: SMOKING AND HEALTH

Role of Media in Tobacco Control http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00030959.htm

Who is the authoring agency and what is their authority?

Secondhand Smoke: the Big Liehttp://www.smokingsection.com/issues1.htmlWho is the authoring agency here?

EXAMPLE TWO: AIDS

Gender and HIV/AIDShttp:www.genderandaids.orgThe United Nations is a trustworthy author on this topic

True But Little Known Facts about Women and AIDShttp://147.129.226.1/library/research/AIDSFACTS.htmBe sure to scroll to the bottom!

Thank you to Susan E. Beck at New Mexico State Univ.for providing these examples

See her web page for more information on evaluating web sites and other examples of good and bad sites.

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00030959.htm

http://www.smokingsection.com/issues1.html

http://www.genderandaids.org/

http://147.129.226.1/library/research/AIDSFACTS.htm

http://lib.nmsu.edu/instruction/evalcrit.html

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Congratulations!!



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Obtaining Materials

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Obtaining Materials


•Locate materials not held by the Colby-Sawyer Library. •Request materials through Interlibrary Loan. •Find other libraries from which you can borrow materials. •Identify people and places for assistance.

Contents

•Obtaining Books not in the Library •Obtaining Articles from Journals not in the Library •Library Consortia •Library & Reference Hours •Off-Campus Access to Library Resources •Location of Library Materials •Key Library Departments

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Locating Books

Can’t find the books you need? Don’t worry!

You have many options

Interlibrary Loan

ILL works with a national network of libraries to order copies of articles from periodicals and books unavailable at the CSC Library.

There is no cost for this service for faculty, staff and students.

Most orders take two weeks, though some may take longer.

Fill out an ILL form at the Reference Desk (main floor), or online at :http://www.colby-sawyer.edu/information/library/index.html

http://www.colby-sawyer.edu/information/library/index.html

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Other Area Libraries

If you want to go to another area library to get a book, start by searching the area libraries’ catalogs. Choose Other Library Catalogs from the CSC Library Homepage. The NH state catalog as well as other catalogs are listed there. Check the status of the book to be sure it is available.

The CSC Library is a member of a state-wide university library consortium described at the end of this module. You may borrow books from any of the NHCUC libraries with a valid CSC student ID card. Regulations and restrictions will vary at each school.

Library of Congress

There is a link to the Library of Congress on the CSC Library homepage as well.

Although you may not borrow books from the Library of Congress, it is the world's largest library and you may use the catalog to investigate what is available in your subject area. If you find any titles you would like to read, you may fill out an ILL form (either in paper in the library or online) and the library staff will try to borrow it from another library for you.

http://www.colby-sawyer.edu/information/library/resources/other.html

http://catalog.loc.gov/

http://catalog.loc.gov/

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Locating ArticlesIf you need a copy of an article

Check the CSC library catalog to see if we carry the journal.

If not, you may fill out a paper Interlibrary loan form at the reference desk or an online form .

Some items to consider: •It will take 2 days to 2 weeks to get the article, depending on which library owns it and whether they email, snail mail or fax the photocopy to us.

•Make sure you fill out the form as completely as possible. We need: Journal Title Article Author and Title Volume number and Date of journal Pages numbers of article

ILL requests that are lacking some of this information may take longer to process and fill.

http://www.colby-sawyer.edu/information/library/ill-pj.html

http://www.colby-sawyer.edu/information/library/ill-pj.html

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If you found an article during one of your EBSCOHost searches

(see Chapter 3 of this tutorial)

You simply click on the interlibrary loan link under the article citation to fill out the ILL form there. The form will come to the library via email once you click "Submit" and the library staff will try to obtain it for you.

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New Hampshire College and University Council

Colby-Sawyer College is part of a state wide consortium of colleges and universities. A current CSC student, faculty member or staff member may borrow books at any of the colleges listed below with a valid CSC ID card. Loan periods and other regulations are set by each library. There is a free van service to return books to a library if you are unable to return them in person.

•Daniel Webster College •Franklin Pierce College •Keene State College •New England College •Southern NH University •Plymouth State University •Rivier College •Saint Anselm College •UNH - Durham •UNH - Manchester

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Library Hours

MONDAY - THURSDAY 8 am - 11 pm

FRIDAY 8 am - 9 pm

SATURDAY 10 am - 9 pm

SUNDAY 10 am - 11pm

Click here for extended finals period hours, vacation hours, summer or holiday hours or call: 526-3685

For other questions, you may call: Reference Desk: 526-3687 Circulation Desk: 526-3685 You may email us a question: [email protected]

http://www.colby-sawyer.edu/information/hours.html

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LOCATION OF LIBRARY MATERIALS

DEPARTMENT LOCATION PHONE

Archives Main Floor (level 3) 526-3687

Audio Visual materials Level 2

Circulation Main Floor (level 3) 526-3685

Curriculum and children’s materials

Level 2

Interlibrary Loan Main Floor - Reference 526-3687

Microforms Level 1

Periodicals Levels 1, 3, 5

Reference Main Floor (level 3) 526-3687

Reserves Main Floor - Circulation 526-3685

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Congratulations!!



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•Identify the components of a bibliographic citation •Recognize a variety of citation styles •Create footnotes and bibliographies for your work using citation style manuals •Avoid plagiarism

Contents

•Plagiarism •Avoiding Plagiarism

•Quoting & Paraphrasing •Citations

•Citation Styles

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Forward and Back Main PagePLAGIARISM

Research skills enable you to effectively locate and evaluate relevant information.

However, you need to remember to give credit for the information you use in your assignments.

When you forget to cite your sources, you are When you forget to cite your sources, you are guilty of plagiarism.guilty of plagiarism.

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What is Plagiarism?

•"To take ideas from another and pass them off as one's own." --Webster

•Submitting someone else's work (in whole, part, or paraphrase) as one's own without fully and properly crediting the author. •Submitting as one's own, original work material that has been produced through unacknowledged collaboration with others.

What is Cybercheating? (Hint: It's another form of Plagiarism)

•Cutting and pasting someone else's webwork and submitting it as your own.

•Downloading essays, papers, speeches etc. from the web and turning them in as your own.

•Buying essays, papers, speeches etc. from the web and turning them in as your own.

Plagiarism in the Headlines

Colby-Sawyer Policy on Academic Honesty Do you know what Colby-Sawyer's policy on academic honesty is?

Click here to read about it in the Student Handbook (p.16).

http://www.colby-sawyer.edu/assets/pdf/studenthandbook2003-2004.pdf

http://www.colby-sawyer.edu/assets/pdf/studenthandbook2003-2004.pdf

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RECENT PLAGIARISM HEADLINES

• Title: Failure to credit others’ words breaks cardinal rule. Author(s): Source: Baltimore Sun ;01/08/2006(Sun columnist, Michael Olesker, resigns after 27 years at the newspaper)

• Title: UMKC dean is put on leave after plagiarism accusation• Author(s): Kavita Kumar

Source : St. Louis Post Dispatch; 06/22/2005(Dean at Univ. of Missouri is accused of lifting significant portions of a commencement address from other writers)

• Title: Psychiatry professor is being investigated. Author(s): Source: BMJ: British Medical Journal ; 01/07/2006, Vol. 332 Issue 6(Two medical journals have retracted articles they published by Dr. Raj Persaud after allegations of plagiarism)

So how do you avoid plagiarism?Let's go to the next page and see...

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AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

How Can I Avoid Plagiarism?

Pay Attention. Be a careful writer. Make sure you are presenting your own ideas and give credit to others when you use their ideas.

Ask for Help. Talk to your teachers about what constitutes plagiarism. If you have questions, take specific examples.

Cite Information Accurately . Make sure you follow the proper citation manual for your assignment. The manuals have tons of examples for you to follow. If you don't

have a manual, go to the library or look on the web. All the manuals are in those two places.

Plan Ahead. Don't wait until the last minute to research and write a paper. This is when people make mistakes and may plagiarize unknowingly. This is also when

people might be tempted to purchase papers online or get a friend to write a speech.

Be Strong. If you see others cheating, have courage to tell them it is wrong. Plagiarism hurts us all as students, scholars, and members of the CSC community.

Try this interesting plagiarism quiz!

To effectively avoid plagiarism, you need to learn the principles of quoting and paraphrasing

http://www.lib.umb.edu/WebTutorial/module6/Module6-2b-Q1.html

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Is This Plagiarism?

Yes

No

Yes and No

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Is This Plagiarism?

Yes

No

Yes and No

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Is This Plagiarism?

Yes

No

Yes and No

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QUOTING & PARAPHRASINGQuoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing

are three methods that allow you to ethically incorporate another author's writing into your research, as long as you cite your sources accurately.

Remember these guidelines... • Quotations must match the source

word for word. They must be attributed to the original author.

• Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must be attributed to the original source.

• Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Summarized ideas must be attributed to the original source.

When you quote, paraphrase, or borrow someone else's ideas for a research paper you must cite your sources .

Careful documentation takes time and can be a real bore to do, but there's no ethical way to avoid it

To use quotes or paraphrases in your work you need to understand citations

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CITATIONS

What is a citation?

A citation is information about a resource. It is the key for finding and identifying the article or book. It always includes:

•Author •Title •Date of Publication •Publisher or Journal name

Citations vary depending on the type of resource.

For example, citations of book chapters include the chapter title and book title.

Article citations include the article title as well as the journal name.

Citations do two things: Citations do two things:

1. Give credit to a source. 1. Give credit to a source.

2. Provide the information you need. 2. Provide the information you need.

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Where can you find citations?

Everywhere! You'll find them in: books, articles, websites, on-line

and print indexes. Typical citations include footnotes, bibliographies,

works-cited pages, parenthetical references

Let’s look at some citation styles now

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CITATION STYLES

There are lots of style manuals to choose from. Talk to your instructor to determine the appropriate

citation format before you start your research paper.

Style manuals including the Blair Handbook may be found at the Reference Desk and the Circulation Desk.

There are also numerous online guides to citation style.

Here are the most commonly used style manuals...

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For term papers in the Social Sciences and Sciences:

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (2001). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

CALL NUMBER: REF BF76.7 .P83

American Psychological Association Citation Examples

http://www.lib.wsc.ma.edu/citation.htm#APA



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For term papers in the Humanities:

Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing . New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1998.

CALL NUMBER: REF PN147 .G444 1998

Modern Language Association Citation Examples

http://www.lib.wsc.ma.edu/mlastyle.htm



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Another popular style guide:

Turabian, Kate L. Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

CALL NUMBER: REF LB2369 .T8 1996

Turabian Style

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Electronic Citation Style

Walker, Janice R. and Taylor, Todd. The Columbia Guide to Online Style . New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

CALL NUMBER: Reference PN171 .F56 W35 1998

Columbia Guide to Online Style

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/

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Citation Machine

This link will take you to a web site where your citations will be

formatted for you.

Citation Machine

The next (and last) chapter will help you evaluate your sources. You are almost done!!

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Congratulations!!



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Evaluation of Sources

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Evaluation of SourcesAfter completing this module, you will be able to:

•Evaluate information that you find in print sources •Evaluate information that you find on the Web •Learn to apply evaluation criteria

Contents

•Why Evaluate? •Evaluation Criteria •Evaluating Periodicals Newspapers & Popular Magazines Opinion Magazines Trade Journals Scholarly Journals •Evaluating Web Sites •Web Evaluation Example

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WHY EVALUATE?

When you do research, you want to find the best information to support your ideas. This requires careful evaluation of the information.

Evaluate information...

•To find the most relevant information for your assignment. •To add quality and reliability to your research. •To find expert views, opinions, and research on your topic. •To weed out unreliable, biased, and incorrect information. •To make sure you get the information your professor is seeking.

There are some specific things to look for when you examine information...

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EVALUATION CRITERIA

Authority Currency Scholarly Objectivity Relevancy Primary vs. Secondar

y

Apply the following evaluation criteria to all types of information (print, broadcast, and Web).

Identify whether the authors are experts in their field. You may need to check biographical sources, to see if your author is a recognized authority, such as: Biography Index, Who's Who, or Contemporary Authors. For web resources, identify the website's sponsor (university, company, organization, or individual)? Determine if the source contains a bibliography; this may indicate that the author incorporates research published by others.

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EVALUATION CRITERIA

Authority

Currency Scholarly Objectivity Relevancy Primary vs. Secondar

y


Current information is important, especially in the sciences, unless you are doing historical research. What year was the work from your source produced? For web resources, determine when the site was last updated.

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EVALUATION CRITERIA

Authority Currency

Scholarly Objectivity Relevancy Primary vs. Secondar

y


Note the source where the information appears. Is it a scholarly journal? Does it include a bibliography? Is the book publisher a university press or other reputable publisher? Check review sources such as Book Review Index, or the online Literature Resource Center. Check Literary Market Place for questions about a publisher.

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EVALUATION CRITERIA

Authority Currency Scholarly

Objectivity Relevancy Primary vs. Secondar

y


Use reasonably presented information. Does the source material appear accurate and balanced, or is it heavily biased in one direction or another?

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EVALUATION CRITERIA

Authority Currency Scholarly Objectivity

Relevancy Primary vs.

Secondary


Make sure the level of information is appropriate for your research. Is it directed at a specialized or general audience?

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EVALUATION CRITERIA

Authority Currency Scholarly Objectivity Relevancy

Primary vs. Secondary


Primary sources are sometimes required in your research. These are firsthand, or original records of events including: diaries, letters, artwork, data sets, statistics, survey results, or case studies. The secondary aspect of sources comes into play when there is interpretation, analysis, or restatement of these events or materials in order to explain them.

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EVALUATING PERIODICALS – NEWSPAPERS & POPULAR MAGAZINES

First you need to identify the type of information you need for your assignment, then find the appropriate publication in which to find this material.

Newspapers & Popular Magazines

•Written by journalists who sometimes consult with experts •Include coverage of current events and hot topics, often broad in treatment, and easy to read •Usually include advertising and illustrations, and may be attractive and entertaining •Do not usually provide references (i.e. a bibliography) •Can be a source of useful background information, particularly when there is little other information on a topic available elsewhere •Not scholarly

Most news oriented magazines and newspapers try to present unbiased information. If you are looking for opinions, you may want to try an opinion magazine such as Christianity Today and The New Republic . Next Slide

Press Space BarPress Space Bar

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EVALUATING PERIODICALS - OPINION MAGAZINES

Opinion Magazines

•Fall between popular and scholarly periodicals •Intended for the educated reader, but not necessarily the scholar •Opinions or viewpoints on cultural or political affairs, usually with particular bias •Good for comparing points of view. Look at a review of the same book in both The Nation and The National Review to see vast differences of opinion. Opinion magazines typically have a narrow focus

Let’s learn more about scholarly journals, the most important type of journal for college assignments…

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EVALUATING PERIODICALS - SCHOLARLY JOURNALS

Scholarly journals are often required for academic assignments.

•Articles are written by experts •Often include reports of original research •May be "peer-reviewed" or "refereed," meaning the articles have gone through a critical selection process by scholars in the field •Often include an introductory abstract •Include citations and bibliographies •Considered primary source material if presenting results from the author's original research

Try this exercise on choosing your sources!

Topics and Types of PeriodicalsTopics and Types of PeriodicalsMatch the topic with the source that will provide the most appropriate

information

For a review of a current movie

Scholarly journal

Newspaper or popular magazine

Opinion magazine

For original research on college students and stress

Scholarly journal


Opinion magazine

For research on medical treatments for AIDS

Scholarly journal


Opinion magazine

For a conservative article on the ethics of cloning

Scholarly journal


Opinion magazine

Next

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Topics & Types of Periodicals

Note : Please be aware that the journal categories we just covered are somewhat arbitrary. You still need to use your own critical skills to distinguish between editorials, letters, reviews, and research material, regardless of the category of journal in which the information appears.

Evaluation Tool : Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory (Reference Desk - Z6941 .U56)

Lists important information about periodicals (ISSN number, publisher, subscription price, etc.) and it often lists the category (scholarly, trade, etc.) that best describes the periodical.It also has a list of refereed or peer reviewed journals.

Let’s move on with a discussion of different types of web sites

…

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EVALUATING WEB SITES

Like periodicals, most web sites fall into several major categories :

Advocacy

Business

News and Entertainment

Federal Government

Education

Personal

Advocacy: Organizations or associations attempting to influence public opinion. Facts and figures may be biased by the position of the organization. Be sure to check when the site was last updated to ensure that the figures are up to date. Mostly useful for analyzing the organization in question.

Domain is usually .orgEx. Amnesty International

(www.amnesty.org)

http://www.amnesty.org/

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Advocacy

Business


Federal Government

Education

Personal

Business : Commercial sites often provide information, perhaps with bias, and with the larger motive of selling you something.

Domain is usually .com or .bizEx. Sun Microsystems(http://www.sun.com)

http://www.sun.com/

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Advocacy

Business


Federal Government

Education

Personal

News or Entertainment: Company or organizational attempt to provide current information as a public service. These sites typically include advertisements and may ask you to subscribe for full access. Sites may also provide games, music, movie reviews, etc.

Domain is usually .com Ex. CNN

(www.cnn.com)

http://www.cnn.com/

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Advocacy

Business


Federal Government

Education

Personal

Federal Government Information : These sites tend to present factual and statistical information. Graphics are usually at a minimum and specific facts may be difficult to tease out of the site.

Domain is .gov Ex. United States Census(http://www.census.gov)

http://www.census.gov/

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Advocacy

Business


Federal Government

Education

Personal

Education: These are sites hosted by a school, college or university. Best place to look for information on that institution, its sports teams, faculty, students. May also have links to course syllabi, bibliographies, online databases, etc.

Domain is .eduEx. Colby-Sawyer College(www.colby-sawyer.edu)

http://www.colby-sawyer.edu/

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Advocacy

Business


Federal Government

Education

Personal

Personal : Individual home pages are usually for the promotion of individuals, their ideas, hobbies or their work - which may be entertaining, informative, or useless. Use with caution!

Domain is usually .com or .edu.URLs often contain a tilde ~(http://http://home.att.net/~peters-pages/alcohol2.htm/~andy.brouwer/ennio.htm)

http://www.btinternet.com/~andy.brouwer/ennio.htm

http://www.btinternet.com/~andy.brouwer/ennio.htm

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WEB EVALUATION Let’s look at some websites and apply the criteria we have been discussing

We have picked three web sites on the same topic, ENCRYPTION. Look at each web site listed below and

try to answer the questions posed

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Click on the url listed below and answer these questions:(Press Spacebar for questions)

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/encryption.htm

Who is the author?Who is the author? Clicking on the Home Icon takes us to a page that indicates the authoring agency is a new media organization that publishes a newsletter.

Why are there so many ads?Why are there so many ads? As a commercial web site, they need to generate income – does this compromise what they publish?

Is this information biased?Is this information biased? You would need to check some other sources – web pages, encyclopedias, etc. to determine if this info is accurate.

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/encryption.htm

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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/encryption/encryption.htm

Look at this site from the Washington Post – it contains articles from the newspaper and can be used (and cited) as you would any other newspaper article.

Would you expect this article to be biased?



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http://www.crypto.com

Now look at this web site from a Univ. of Penn. professor.

He may know his stuff, but finding a specific piece of info on this site will be a challenge.

http://www.crypto.com/

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Congratulations!!



Here are examples of some of the interesting subject encyclopedias at

the CSC Library

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