Choong Seon HongKyung Hee University

cshong@khu.ac.krNovember 17, 2008

Manageability in Future Internet- Devisable Management Architecture for WSN -

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Contents

Introduction to Future Internet and its Manageability

Future Internet and Sensor Network Application Trend in Sensor Network Classification of Management The Separation of data plane and

management plane Devisable Management: Approach to

manage sensor network in future internet Conclusions

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INTERNETINTERNET

Usenet old

search

chat

newssocial

networking

shopping

game

travel

p2plibraryIPTV

Growth of Internet Usage

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Problems of Current Internet

Lack of security Very difficult to manage due to

explosive growth in # of devices & network traffic amount

Lack of mobility support No guarantee on QoS – best effort

service

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Why Future Internet? A growing and changing demand

For increasing user control of contents/services For interconnecting

‘things’-TV/PC/phone/sensor… For convergence: networks/devices/services

(video/audio/data/voice) Mobility Security

Current technologies can be, and need to be improved significantly For scaling up and more flexibility For better security For higher performance and more functionality

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What is Future Internet? [1]

Need to resolve the challenges facing today’s Internet by rethinking the fundamental assumptions and design decisions underlying its current architecture

Two principal ways in which to evolve or change a system Evolutionary approach (Incremental)

A system is moved from one state to another with incremental patches

Revolutionary approach (Clean-slate) The system is redesigned from scratch to offer improved abstractions

and/or performance, while providing similar functionality based on new core principles

It is time to explore a clean-slate approach In the past 30 years, the Internet has been very successful

using an incremental approach Reaching a point where people are unwilling or unable to

experiment on the current architecture

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What is Future Internet? [2] Future Internet?

Clean Slate design of the Internet’s architecture to satisfy the growing demands

Management issues of Future Internet also need to be considered from the stage of design

Research Goal for Future Internet Performing research for Future Internet and

designing new network architectures Building an experimental facility

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Research Roadmaps for Future Internet

2000 2005 2010 2015Now

2002 2007 2013

EU(Future Network/Future Internet)

NGI

FP6 FP7

Euro-NGI(€5M)

FIRE

Euro-FGI

2006

US(Future Internet)

2006

PlanetLab

2002NSF GENI

GENI

NSF NeTS-FIND

2008-2009

JP(NeW

GenerationNetwork)

KR(Future Internet)

FIF2006

20084WARD

CASFI2008

NWGN Promoting Forum2007

2004 JGN II JGN2Plus

AKARI project2006Architecture Project

Network testbedJGN X

Architecture Project

Network testbed

KOREN2KOREN2002

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Requirements for Future Internet

Scalability

Interoperability

Reliability

Availability

• Seamless handoff/roaming• Identity/addressing

• Integrity, authenticity, confidentiality of communication with any given peer

• Virtualization of Resources

• FCAPS• Autonomic Management

• Intelligent and programmablenetwork nodes

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Requirements for Future Internet

Scalability

Interoperability

Reliability

Availability

• Seamless handoff/roaming• Identity/addressing

• Integrity, authenticity, confidentiality of communication with any given peer

• Virtualization of Resources

• FCAPS• Autonomic Management

• Intelligent and programmablenetwork nodes

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Current Network Environment

INTERNET

Satellite

BroadcastNetworks (DAB, DVB-T) CDMA, GSM,

GPRS

IP-based micro-mobility

Wireless LANs

WiBro, HSDPA

Bluetooth Zigbee6LoWPAN

FastEthernet

B-ISDN

ATMSONET PSTN

ISDN

10 GigabitEthernet

GigabitEthernet

WANsSS#7

IN/AIN

PSDN

xDSL/Cable

Ethernet

FTTH

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AgentAgent Agent

AgentAgent Agent

Agent

Current Network Management Framework

Collect, organize & interpretOperational Data

AdministratorWorkstation

Management Platform

Observation & Control

mgmt requests/replies

event reports

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Functional Requirements for NM

Fault Management detection, isolation and correction of abnormal operations

Configuration Management identify managed resources and their connectivity,

discovery Accounting Management

keep track of usage for charging Performance Management

monitor and evaluate the behavior of managed resources Security Management

allow only authorized access and control FCAPS

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Standard Management Frameworks

OSI Network Management Framework CMIP (X.700 Series)

Internet Network Management Framework SNMPv1 SNMPv2 SNMPv3

TeleManagement Forum SID, eTOM, NGOSS

Distributed Management Task Force CIM, WBEM

Open Mobile Alliance OMA DM

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Manageability for the current Internet has been developed as an afterthought!

Do we need a revolutionary approachor an evolutionary approach?Do we need a revolutionary approachor an evolutionary approach?

FCAPS ?

THINK about Manageability of Future Internet

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Research Efforts - EU

http://www.4ward-project.eu

4WARD WP4: INM (In Network Management) Autonomic self-management Abstractions and a framework for a self-

organizing management plane Scheme, strategies, and protocols for

collaborative monitoring, self-optimizing, and self-healing

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Research Efforts - USA GENI OMIS WG (Operations, Management,

Integration and Security) Operations, management, integration and

security processes in GENI Experiment support, monitoring, and data storage Security monitoring and incident response Federation management and monitoring Hardware release, maintenance and integration Software release, maintenance and integration Operations metric collection and analysis

http://www.geni.net/wg/omis-wg.html

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Research Efforts - Korea

CASFI (Collect, Analyze, and Share for Future Internet) Goals

Manageability of Future Internet Data Sharing Platform for Performance Measurement High-Precision Measurement and Analysis Human Behavior Analysis

Groups KHU, KAIST, POSTECH, CNU

Period 2008.03.01 ~ 2013.02.28

http://casfi.kaist.ac.kr

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Management Interface Management Information Modeling &

Operations Instrumentation

Management Architecture Centralized vs. Decentralized Management Peer-to-Peer Hybrid

Service Management Customer-centric service Service portability SLA/QoS

Management for Future Internet [1]

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Traffic Monitoring/Measurement and Analysis Monitoring for large-scale and high-speed networks Network/application-level monitoring Global traffic data access/sharing Fast and real time monitoring Statistical sampling method Storing method for large scale traffic data Measurement and analysis of social networking

Management for Future Internet [2]

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Autonomic Management/Self-Management Self-managing frameworks and architecture Knowledge engineering,

including information modeling and ontology design

Policy analysis and modeling Semantic analysis and reasoning technologies Virtualization of resources Orchestration techniques Self-managed networks Context-awareness Adaptive management

Management for Future Internet [3]

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Sensor Network and Internet: Similarities and Dissimilarities

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Internet Wireless Sensor Network

Human-built artifacts Human-built artifacts

Large Distributed System Large Distributed System (When sensor network islands will be connected to each other through Internet)

Initially designed for very simple applications (e.g. mail, file transfer, interoperability between different systems).

Initially design view was almost similar like Internet (e.g. low rate data gathering, remote sensing).

However the success of internet contributes to the enormous growth in number of users and applications (e.g. billions of users, multimedia applications)

Expected to succeed as the Internet and growing into even larger-scale commercial deployments(Recently the research trend has moved towards Multimedia applications of Sensor Network)

Today’s Internet is a global scale communication infrastructure with an experience of more than 30 years

A new technology emerging on the horizon today

The study on distributed system and their various applications evolved from the large scale expansion of the Internet and the distributed nature of its service

Sensor network is going to employ the experience from Internet to design a more efficient large scale distributed system

Management of current Internet is an after thought issue

Sensor network is still in design phase and Manageability issues must be considered beforehand unlike the Internet (like future Internet)

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Application Trend in Sensor Network and its Management

Large scale data acquisition system (e.g. Environmental monitoring, Oceanography)

For building ubiquitous instrumentation to accomplish design manageability in future internet (e.g. Sensors attached in the routers or switches) Passive monitoring of Networking Devices

Environmental observation and forecasting system In the implementation of intelligent, sophisticated and

complicated control algorithms There will be revolutionary changes (or at least a paradigm

shift) for network-enabled devices in control and management algorithm using sensors

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Necessitate an Efficient Sensor Network Management Architecture

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Classification of Sensor Network Management

Sensor Network Management

Management Reactivity

Management Architecture

Management Protocol

Management Approaches

Centralized Management

Distributed Mangement

Hierarchical Management

General FrameworkEx, MANNA

Application Specific Framework

Policy based Management

Adaptive and Intelligent

Management

Operation

Manned

Unmanned/Autonomous

Reactive Monitoring

Proactive Monitoring

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Management Protocols in Internet and Sensor Network

Until now research trend has shown similar architectural trend from the management point of view

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Supply Management Data

Network Managers, Software Agents,

Policies

Management Decision and OperationsInternet

Management Protocols

SNMP

WSN Management

Protocols

MANNA (R.B Ruiz)

WSNView (J.L. Chen)

sNMP (B. Nath)

Problems Poor failure-mode operation Huge overhead

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Policy based Network Management It is a condition-action

response mechanism To provide an automatic

response to conditions in the network according to pre-defined policies

It is also an abstraction/translation mechanism Define goals /not device

configurations Changes in policy lead

to changes in goals/not implementations

Policies are set of ‘rules’ of the general form:ON <event>

IF <Conditions>THEN <do actions>

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General Architecture of Policy based Management Policy Management Tool

Creation Editing Validation Translation

Policy Repository Storage Searching Retrieval

Policy Decision Point Decision Translation Configuration

Policy Enforcement Point Configuration

Policy Management Tool

Policy Decision Point

Policy Enforcement Point

Policy Repository

User Interface at workstation

Rules base on server

Agent in device

Proxy agent for device

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Policy based Management: Discussion Policy based architecture is truly best suited for

management if the all sorts of situation can be known in advanced

However, due to dynamics it is impossible to predict the network behavior

WSNs are more unpredictable than usual networks

Therefore we need a management architecture composed of following three properties Autonomic: All management functionalities will be

executed autonomously and possibly with minimum human intervention

Adaptive: Ability to cope with the unpredictable behavior

Intelligence: Ability to take management decisions based on rules and policies

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Devisable Management for WSN

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Devisable Management It is a kind of autonomous management where network

manager (software manager) will detect network events and do the necessary based on network resources, predefined policies, intuition and intelligence.

Intuition Intelligence Predefined Policies

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Devisable Management for WSN (Cont’d) Design Goals and Objectives

Autonomic Management Keeping human intervention as less as possible

Reduce the gap between software managers and human managers

Time cautious network event detection Keeping the network change (e.g. state change)

detection time as low as possible Target is like six 9 availability

Managing unforeseen events Sometimes network/sensor node may experience

unforeseen events due to configuration error or due to security attacks

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Devisable Management for WSN (Cont’d) Design issues to be considered

Design and develop an appropriate interface to reduce the gap between human manager and software agents who performs the task of management

Definition of high level policies and goals of the applications and its conversion to low level machine readable policies

Identify sensor network functionalities and management functions

Issues related to manage unforeseen events Query Model to other sensor network

Extensibility of the management protocol Inclusion of new module and modification of existing

modules

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Devisable Management for WSN (Cont’d) To identify the management requirements and

operation first we need WSN Functionalities Basic functionalities

Configuration Can be done manually/automatically if the deployed area is

accessible Must be self configured if the deployed area is inaccessible

Sensing Gather data for sensed phenomenon or periodic events

Processing Data gathering, aggregation etc.

Communication Deliver sensed phenomenon or periodic events to

appropriate destination Other functionalities

Application dependent Temporal requirement, Spatial requirement, Reliability

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Devisable Management for WSN (Cont’d) Management Functionalities

Configuration Management: Tasks of this operation requires direct specification from applications and of course varies application to application Node deployment (e.g. random or deterministic) Topology discovery Synchronization Coverage area determination

Fault Management: most critical for sensor networks Fault detection, isolation and correction

Performance Management Data reliability, protocol scalability, throughput, goodput, sensing quality wrt

environmental changes Security Management

Identify threats, reliability, privacy, integrity Mobility Management Energy Management Heterogeneity Management

Do we need a Virtualization in WSN?

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Devisable Management for WSN (Cont’d) Functional modules for designing a

devisable management TNM (Tiny Network Manager)

Resides in the sensor node Performs management for known events

using Policy Based Network Management Performs unforeseen event management

using Intuition and Intelligence

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Devisable Management Modules

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Devisable Management Modules (Cont’d) Management Agents

It detects changes in the network (e.g. Anomaly detection)

It also executes specific management tasks (e.g. configuration management, fault management etc.)

Rules and Policies Autonomous management can be

accomplished with the help of policy based management

It consists of Policy Evaluation, Policy Repository, Policy Decision Point (PDP) and Policy Enforcement Point (PEP)

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Devisable Management Modules (Cont’d) Unforeseen Event Management Module

This module prepares a query to ask about specific network state change which is not possible to handle with the exiting rules and policies

It also notifies reply (if received) to the policy evaluation module to create new policy

Protocol Extensibility Module This module deals with inclusion,

modification and removal of the existing management policies, agents and functions when necessary

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Devisable Management (Cont’d)

Identification of unforeseen events Convert the event data into a high-level query format Ask the query to other sensor network through

Internet for solution

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Event Detection

Agent

Policy Repository

Policy Found

Policy Decision

Point (PDP)

Query Agent

Policy Enforcemen

t Point (PEP)

Communication Agent

YES

NO

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Devisable Management (cont’d)

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Query Format

Devisable Management (Cont’d)

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Query ID Parameters ValuesEvent Type

Reply Format

Query ID Parameters ValuesType Meaning

Query ID A sequence number to identify the query itself

Event Type It refers to the basic management functionalities (e.g. Configuration Event, Fault Event etc.)

Type Meaning

Parameters A list of information to be transmitted for the event

Values Corresponds to the value of each parameter (e.g. Energy level 5 joule)

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Devisable Management (Cont’d)

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Sequence diagram for policy based management operation and query to other sensor node for unforeseen event management

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Devisable Management (Cont’d)

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Sequence diagram for reply in response to the query for unforeseen event management

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Conclusions

It’s time to study on manageability for Future Networks

The idea of devisable management would be very effective for managing Sensor networks

It will reduce the gap between human managers and software agents

It will enhance the autonomous property of management protocols

However the implementation will be very complex

Also, identifying a application independent query model will be a huge task

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Question and Discussion