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Chlor Alkali
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Hydrogen-CNG
Code development in India
Codes and Standards Conference
NextEnergy Center
Detroit, MI
Tom Joseph
September 21, 2010
Overview
• CNG as a fuel in India
• Hydrogen sources
• H-CNG as a fuel
• Challenges of CNG Fuel Codes and
Standards
• H-CNG Code Development
NG Pipeline Network
CNG Fueling Code
• ISO standards and NFPA 52
• Challenges
• Periodic Inspection protocols missing
• Retrofitting shops
• Component sourcing
• Cylinder life• 2 fills per day assumed in NGV-2
• 4 to 5 fills per day possible
• Repair Shops
• Adapters
CNG technology summary
• 100s of stations
• State and Central government support
• One of the few countries with broad
implementation of the technology
• Public acceptance of CNG as a fuel
• Industry maturing
• Component suppliers
• System integrators
• Regulations
• Inspections
Why H-CNG in India
• Reduces exhaust emissions• Reduces NOx by >50%
• NOx is a key constituent of photochemical haze/smog
• In many areas the level of NOx governs air quality
• Provides inexpensive means in meeting emission standards
• Improves engine efficiency
• Serves as important intermediate step towards H2 infrastructure development• Existing natural gas and hydrogen sources &
infrastructure
Hydrogen sources in India
� Petroleum Refining Industry
� 99.9% by volume
� Fertilizer Industry
� Chlor-alkali Industry (by-product)
� 99.99% by volume
� Indian Space Agency (ISRO) liquefiers
Courtesy:
Center for Alternative Energy Research
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
H2 from Refineries
2007-08
� Total H2 generating capacity of all Indian Refineries was 1,690,935 MT.
� Actual H2 producedwas 1,461,778 MT.
� Potential surpluscapacity: 229,157 MT
Chlor-alkali plants
H2 is the by-product in Chlor-Alkali industry whileits main product is caustic soda.
NaCl+ H2O NaOH + H2 + Cl2
Utilization of Hydrogen in Chlor-alkali Plants
Electrolysis
HydrogenHCl1
Sold
Flared
CCU2
1= Hydrochloric Acid
2 = Caustic Concentration Unit
Chlor-alkali plants
2007-08
� Installedcapacity ofcaustic soda:2.91 MMT
� H2Generatingcapacity:73,209.07 MT
� H2 produced:64,381.13 MT
� Surplus H2
capacity:8827.94 MT
Chlor-alkali plants
2007-08
� CaptiveConsumption of H2
47,871 MT
� H2 sold was9336 MT
� H2 vented7174 MT
H-CNG Fueling Codes
H2 Blend8 bar H2
NG
500 bar H2
30 to 40 bar NG
DispensingStations
200 bar HCNG250 bar NG
Compression BlendingSource
System similarities with H2 and CNG
H-CNG Fuel Code Development
• Oil India Safety Directorate (OISD) initiative
• Revising CNG regulation to include H-CNG
• Based on NFPA 52 2006 edition• H2 up to 20% by volume considered as CNG
• Other standards through reference• ASME B31.3 for piping systems
• ASME Section VIII Div 1 (IBR)
• Identified requirements• Certified components and systems
• Quality of gas
• Odorization
• Hydrogen components by default
• Challenges
• Periodic Inspection protocols
• Retrofitting shops
• Component sourcing
• Cylinder life• 2 fills per day assumed in NGV-2
• 4 to 5 fills per day possible
• Repair Shops
• Adapters
H-CNG Fuel Code Development
H-CNG Fuel Code Development
• H-CNG related challenges • Based on NFPA 52 2006 edition
• H2 Up to 20% by volume considered as CNG
• CNG nozzle
• CNG vehicles converted
• Fuel tanks are CNG cylinders• High strength steels
• Cylinder life
H-CNG Fuel Code Development
• ISO TC 22 SC meeting • Pune (near Mumbai); week of Nov 22nd
• Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI)• H-CNG nozzle specification
• Review of 11114-1 & 4
• International workshop on H-CNG • Delhi; week of December 6th.
• Follow-up to DC workshop (2009)
• On board storage
• Refueling nozzle standard
• Co-location of fuels
