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Chinese — Pinyin. Adapted from a presentation by Haiwang Yuan Associate Professor, University Libraries Adjunct Instructor, Department of Modern Languages. Hanyu Pinyin (Chinese Phonetics). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chinese —Pinyin
Adapted from a presentation by Haiwang YuanAssociate Professor, University Libraries
Adjunct Instructor, Department of Modern Languages
Hanyu Pinyin (Chinese Phonetics) Pinyin ( 拼音 ), literally “spell the sound,” is the
standard romanization scheme for Chinese characters ( 汉字 )
Adopted in 1958 by mainland China Used by all major world media and Chinese sc
hools Beginning from October 1, 2000, the Library of
Congress and other U.S. libraries joined the international community in using Pinyin to catalog their Chinese materials
Why Pinyin?
A pronunciation tool for domestic and foreign learners of Chinese which, unlike many other languages in the world, is a non-alphabet language
Assist in popularizing standard Chinese, known as Putonghua or Mandarin, among Chinese who speak a variety of dialects, such as Cantonese
Index tool, such as library catalogs and dictionaries One method for Computer input of Chinese characte
rs Standardized translation of Chinese names in the no
n-Chinese media (e.g. Beijing for 北京; Haiwang Yuan for 袁海旺)
Why Pinyin (continued)
Before Pinyin, there was the Zhuyin system: ㄣㄆㄇㄈㄌㄊㄋㄞ used to indicate the pronunciation
More difficult to learn than b p m f d t n l, which are familiar to foreign learners, but avoids the pronunciation pitfalls inherent in Pinyin.
Zhuyin is still used in Taiwan, though Pinyin is now increasingly found alongside Zhuyin in textbooks
Pinyin, though not perfect (e.g. j, q, x), is widely accepted. It has become essential to learning and using Chinese
Learning Pinyin
Each Chinese character is a single syllable A syllable has three components:
Initial (consonant): b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, z, c, s, zh, ch, sh
Final (vowel) that usually follows the initials: a, o, e, i, u, ü (simple) or eng, ong, ing, etc. (compound)
Tone (four distinct and one neutral) Chinese has around 400 syllables; tones serve to multi
ply the number of possible pronunciations More homophonic words - words having the same sou
nd but expressing different meanings Traditionally, Pinyin has 21 initials and 35 finals
Learning Pinyin - Initials
23 initials
Row 1 b p m f
Row 2 d t n l
Row 3 g k h -
Row 4 j q x -
Row 5 z c s -
Row 6 zh ch sh r
Row 7 y w
Learning Pinyin - Finals 24 finals (vowels):
- (i-) (u-) (ü-)
a ia (ya) ua (wa) -
o - uo (wo) -
e ie (ye) - üe (yue)
ai - uai (wai) -
ei - ui (wei) -
ao iao (yao) - -
ou iu (you) - -
an ian (yan) uan (wan) üan (yuan)
en in (yin) un (wen) ün (yun)
ang iang (yang) uang (wang) -
eng ing (ying) ueng (weng) -
ong iong (yong) - -
er - - -
Pinyin Table 1 a o e i er ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong
a o e er ai ei ao ou an en ang eng
b ba bo bai bei bao ban ben bang beng
p pa po pai pei pao pou pan pen pang peng
m ma mo me mai mei mao mou man men mang meng
f fa fo fei fou fan fen fang feng
d da de dai dei dao dou dan den dang deng dong
t ta te tai tao tou tan tang teng tong
n na ne nai nei nao nou nan nen nang neng nong
l la le lai lei lao lou lan lang leng long
g ga ge gai gei gao gou gan gen gang geng gong
k ka ke kai kei kao kou kan ken kang keng kong
h ha he hai hei hao hou han hen hang heng hong
z za ze zi zai zei zao zou zan zen zang zeng zong
c ca ce ci cai cao cou can cen cang ceng cong
s sa se si sai sao sou san sen sang seng song
zh zha zhe zhi zhai zhei zhao zhou zhan zhen zhang zheng zhong
ch cha che chi chai chao chou chan chen chang cheng chong
sh sha she shi shai shei shao shou shan shen shang sheng
r re ri rao rou ran ren rang reng rong
Pinyin Table 2 i ia iao ie iu ian in iang ing iong
yi ya yao ye you yan yin yang ying yong
b bi biao bie bian bin bing
p pi piao pie pian pin ping
m mi miao mie miu mian min ming
f
d di diao die diu dian ding
t ti tiao tie tian ting
n ni niao nie niu nian nin niang ning
l li lia liao lie liu lian lin liang ling
g
j ji jia jiao jie jiu jian jin jiang jing jiong
q qi qia qiao qie qiu qian qin qiang qing qiong
x xi xia xiao xie xiu xian xin xiang xing xiong
Pinyin Table 3 u ua uo uai ui uan un uang ü üe üan ün
wu wa wo wai wei wan wen wang yu yue yuan yun
b bu
p pu
m mu
f fu
d du duo dui duan dun
t tu tuo tui tuan tun
n nu nuo nuan nü nüe
l lu luo luan lun lü lüe
g gu gua guo guai gui guan gun guang
k ku kua kuo kuai kui kuan kun kuang
h hu hua huo huai hui huan hun huang
z zu zuo zui zuan zun
c cu cuo cui cuan cun
s su suo sui suan sun
zh zhu zhua zhuo zhuai zhui zhuan zhun zhuang
ch chu chua chuo chuai chui chuan chun chuang
sh shu shua shuo shuai shui shuan shun shuang
r ru rua ruo rui ruan run
j jü jüe jüan jün
q qü qüe qüan qün
x xü xüe xüan xün
Learning Pinyin - Tones The first tone “–” : At the
doctor’s request, say “ah….” The second tone “/”: Express
your disbelief and say “What?” The Third tone “v” : When
waiting for an answer, say “Well?”
The fourth tone “\” : Reject somebody’s request and say categorically “No!”
The neutral tone: Where the voice naturally goes, as in the second part of “ge1ge”.
Practice
Mother is riding a horse; the horse is slow; Mother curses the horse.
, ,
Pronunciation Exercises
Part One Listen carefully and circle the word that you hear.
1. Single Words: Initials 2. Single Words: Finals 3. Single Words: Tones (1, 4) 4. Single Words: Tones (2, 3) 5. Single Words: Tones (all) 6. Single Words: Everything 7. Tone Combinations
Part Two Listen carefully and write in the sounds that you hear.
1. Initials and Simple Finals 2. Tones 3. Compound Finals 4. Neutral Tones 5. Monosyllabic Words 6. Bisyllabic Words 7. Combinations
Pronunciation Exercises
Further Information and Practice There are a number of websites to help you l
earn and practice Chinese pronunciation and tones:
www.shufawest.us/language/tonedrill.html
www.wku.edu/~shizhen.gao/Chinese101/pinyin/tones.htm
www.courses.fas.harvard.edu/~pinyin/
www.pinyinpractice.com/tones.htm
www.pinyinpractice.com/initials.htm
www.pinyinpractice.com/finals.htm
www.chinese-outpost.com/language/pronunciation/