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CHINESE EMPIRE CHAPTER 12
QIN DYNASTY
Strong kingdom
Efficient government
Qin decided to declare himself Shi Huangdi or “First Emperor”
Tore down walls of local kingdoms.
Began Great Wall- a long wall running east to west
Defending the enemy• - started public
works projects• -Great Wall- defend
the empire from nomads• -Wall went up
quickly.• -200,000 workers
made to work
220 B.C., Shi Huandi
began restoring and linking separate sections of the Great Wall which had been built years before.
UNIFORM STANDARDS Standards for Daily Life standardize- set rules that make
things more similar Unified China’s economy and culture Single written language with standard
characters Transportation- standard axles to
vehicles Uniform weights and measure
ORGANIZING THE EMPIRE Central governing system 36 provinces Shi Huangdi forced thousands to
move to the capital. Government spies could keep an eye
on them. Legalism- stronger leader and strong
legal system are need to create social order.
HARSH LAWS
Uniform legal code Penalties for breaking laws were
severe. Severe punishment Censor- ban ideas he found
dangerous or offensive. Ordered burning of all books that
didn’t follow his rule.
Dynasty collapsed with death of Qin Shi Huangdi in 210 B.C.E.
His oppression brought backlash
Rebellions in regional capitals
The Qin had lost the Mandate of Heaven
The Fall of the Qin Dynasty
SECTION 1 REVIEW
Why did Shi Huangdi create harsh laws?
EXPANSION OF HAN DYNASTY
One of the longest lasting and most influential of all dynasties.
Han dynasty ruled for over 400 years.
New Ideas of Han
encouraged learning
lowered taxes
ended harsh rules
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkNEvPly5WU
SOCIAL CLASSES UNDER THE HANEmperor
Governors and Kings
Nobles, Scholars, and State Officials
Peasants (Farmers)
Artisans and Merchants
Soldiers
Slaves
WUDI – THE MARTIAL EMPEROR
• Wudi lived 141-87 BCE• Used warfare to expand the Chinese empire
– Northern steppes• Fought Xiongnu –nomads that raided Chinese villages• Traditionally kept at bay through bribery• Wudi made allies of the Xiongnu’s enemies and sent in 100,000 soldiers• Then pushed the Xiongnu back • Settled soldiers on former Xiongnu lands• But the nomads of the steppes provided ongoing conflict
– Modern-day Korea, Manchuria, Vietnam, etc.• Conquered and colonized
• Borders under Wudi nearly what they are today
CIVIL SERVICE System that government
employees selected for their skills and knowledge.
Not hereditary-appointed to positions
Exams created to find talented people
Wanted employees to be loyal
SILK ROAD Network of trade routes that crossed Asia over 4000
miles
Silk Road, was a major trade route which sold China’s secret commodity (silk)
Chinese Silk Road connected China to the Roman Empire
Silk Road was protected by Great Wall
Employed mandatory military service to maintain empire
Also a path to spread ideas
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfe-eNq-Qyg
JOURNEY OF ZHANG QIAN
Was captured by Xiongnu and was a prisoner for 10 years.
Stepped up to find Xiongnu Zhang described travel to
exotic lands Wudi and Han emperors sent
envoys to create relations to west. Trade began to flourish.
SECTION 2 REVIEW
How did the Silk Road influence Chinese culture?
HAN SOCIETY Social Order- based on Confucian
values Mental rather than physical labor
Farmers respected for providing food and cloth.
Artisans respected for skill and hard work.
Merchants fell in social order since they don’t produce anything.
FAMILY LIFE ROLE OF WOMEN
Loyalty Respect for elders Parents report
children who did not behave with filial piety
Women considered lower than men.
Worked in the home
Weaving and caring for children
Ban Zhoa- educated female became historian in the royal court
ECONOMIC LIFE Farming
-wheat, millet, barley, beans and rice
- silkweaving Industry
- iron –tools and weapons
-salt mining
Monopoly-single group controls the production of a good or service
Literature
The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life, advanced figure painting, and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars. Calligraphy-art of beautiful writing.
Fu style: combination of prose and poetryShi style: short lines of verse that could be sung
The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets. Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls.
HAN ACHIEVEMENTS
Invention of Paper
Art
Seismograph
A device for telling time, the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day.
This device measures the strength of an earthquake. Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times.
Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain. This practice is still widely used today.
HAN ACHIEVEMENTS
Acupuncture
Sundial
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcVFuIccf5c
SECTION 3 REVIEW
Why was silk an important industry during Han dynasty?