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TianjinShenyangDalianNanjing
HangzhouXiamenQingdaoZhengzhou
WuhanGuangzhouShenzhenNanning
ChongqingXi’anUrumqi
Chinese Cities of OpportunityExecutive Summary
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Urbanisation is the cornerstone of modern civilisation. In 2011,
China’s urban population exceeded 50% of the national total for the
first time, reaching 51.27%, marking a significant milestone in the
country’s urbanisation development. China’s urbanisation rose
further in 2012 to 52.57%, in line with the global average.
In the past three decades, China has remained the country with
the fastest urbanisation rate in the world. When economic reforms
were introduced in 1978, urban residents only represented 17.92% of
China’s total population. In other words, more than 80% of Chinese
people lived in rural areas. With the economic boom brought about
by China’s reform and opening-up policy, over 50% of the population
now live and work in cities. Given the sheer size of China’s
population, this dramatic social change is no mean feat in the
history of human civilisation. However, rapid urbanisation has
triggered a series of challenges, which include air pollution,
underdeveloped public utilities in urban area, insufficient public
facilities, soaring property prices, and an imbalanced
re-distribution of public resources arising from the current
urban-rural dual system.
Urbanisation is an inevitable process for China as it embarks on
its modernisation drive. There are two ways to further the process
of urbanisation. One is to continue with the old
“quasi-urbanisation” model, which is characterised by heavy
investment and high energy consumption at the cost of a
well-rounded development for China’s people. Another is the new
urbanisation model, which is inclusive, sustainable and aimed at
improving the Chinese people’s development and well-being. It is
clear which option we should adopt. While there is still time to
make adjustments at this interim stage of urbanisation, we need to
be mindful of the necessity to step up on our research efforts and
draw on useful references for policymaking.
There is no lack of consultation reports and academic papers on
Chinese urbanisation. Employing an original research methodology,
PwC’s Chinese Cities of Opportunity gives a new perspective to
urbanisation development in China. Methodologies used for the
research on other global key cities in recent years have been
applied to China in this report. We looked at 15 Chinese cities,
using 10 indicators to assess their competitiveness, influence and
growth potential. These findings will provide a better
understanding of each city’s unique strengths and characteristics,
serving as a learning platform for all 15 of them. While these
cities were ranked in terms of their economic development, the
findings in this report, as with any other index-based rankings, by
no means are an appraisal of their performance. These cities face
different development conditions and are at different stages of
development. The speed of development also varies from city to
city. So what is more important for these cities is to understand
ways to maximise their advantages and overcome their disadvantages
in order to explore their full potential.
China Development Research Foundation (CDRF) is deeply honoured
to have had the opportunity to be involved in the development of
this report. I would also like to express my sincere appreciation
and admiration for PwC’s active corporate responsibility programme
and its contribution towards China’s development and progress. Many
thanks to the PwC and CDRF teams for their hard work in completing
Chinese Cities of Opportunity.
Lu Mai Secretary-General of China Development Research
Foundation
1 Chinese Cities of Opportunity
The opportunity of China’s new urbanisation
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PwC 2
Since 2007, PwC US and the Partnership for New York City have
jointly produced the Cities of Opportunity report. This study
examines current social and economic performance indicators of the
world’s leading cities while hoping to share lessons for building a
more prosperous urban future. In 2012, the study looked at 27
cities worldwide, including New York, London, Toronto, Paris,
Stockholm, Singapore, Tokyo, Sydney, and Seoul. The report also
examined three major Chinese cities (Beijing, Shanghai, and Hong
Kong). In that survey, Beijing was ranked the number-one city in
terms of economic clout.
Analysis of the Chinese cities in the report prompted PwC China
to consider the possibility of developing a “China study” of Cities
of Opportunity—an idea that was enthusiastically embraced by our
Beijing team. The study applied the same methodologies as the
Cities of Opportunity report, but featured 15 Chinese cities
(excluding Beijing and Shanghai) as its target cities. In order to
ensure data consistency and availability, the study surveyed the
development of the Chinese cities on 10 indicators, including
intellectual capital and innovation; regional city gateway;
technology readiness; health, safety and security; transportation
and urban planning; sustainability and the natural environment;
demographics and livability; economic clout; ease of doing
business; and cost. By leveraging the research methodology and
perspectives of the Cities of Opportunity report, the Chinese
Cities of Opportunity report can provide an insightful perspective
on Chinese cities’ development, as well as help to further explore
the many opportunities available in them.
It is PwC China’s great honor to have the generous support of
the research team of the China Development Research Foundation
(CDRF), which helped us successfully complete the report. This is
another key collaboration with CDRF after the joint survey report,
Choosing China: Insights from multinationals on the investment
environment, launched in the China Development Forum last year.
PwC China has also interviewed several international and local
scholars, entrepreneurs, and industry experts for the study. These
interviews have added significant depth to our survey, and I would
like to thank everyone for their contributions.
We hope that this year’s Chinese Cities of Opportunity report is
only a beginning. Going forward, with our growing research
experience, PwC China will continue to provide observations and
insights on China’s urbanisation, hoping to be able to make some
modest contribution to the process of China’s economic development
and social progress.
Dennis Nally Chairman, PwC
Finding the path to new urbanisation with China
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3 Chinese Cities of Opportunity
Overview
When we decided to study and analyse Chinese cities using the
same methodology applied to the sample of 27 cities in the global
report, our first question was which criteria to base on in
selecting the cities in China for this research. In the midst of
answering this question, we realised that it was more difficult and
complex to determine which Chinese cities to include in our sample
than to decide on the international cities to be included in the
global report.
China is a vast country with a long and rich history, with a
varied topography and diverse traditions. Since China’s reform and
opening-up policy, many Chinese cities have experienced rapid
growth, with each city developing their own unique industrial base,
cultural environment, natural endowment and influence. Therefore,
if we were to select a sample of Chinese cities based on
population size, economic development or the criteria of
financial characteristics and cultural features as adopted in the
global report, it would make the task very difficult. At the end of
2012, mainland China consisted of 4 municipal cities and 285 cities
of prefecture levels and above. The selection scope was initially
restricted to the 4 municipal cities, 5 cities listed independently
in the state plan, and 27 provincial and autonomous regional
capitals. Basing the selection next on our expectations for China’s
future urban agglomeration pattern, we came up with 6 major
regions: Northeast China, North China, Yangtze River Delta,
Pan-Pearl River Delta, Central China and Northwest China. On this
basis, we then selected the highly strategic central cities within
these regions. Finally, under the guidance of CDRF, we selected the
15 cities as subjects for Chinese Cities of Opportunity. These
cities were (in the order that the Chinese administrative divisions
are listed) Tianjin, Shenyang, Dalian, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Xiamen,
Qingdao, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Nanning, Chongqing,
Xi’an and Urumqi. From a geographical point of view, we selected 9
cities from Eastern China and 6 cities in Central and Western
China. Alternatively, using the Yangtze River as a divider, 7 of
the chosen Chinese cities
City selection
CBD, Tianhe district, Guangzhou
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PwC 4
1
7
2
64
5
8
3
10
12
913
15
11
14 Urumqi
Chongqing
Nanning
ZhengzhouXi’an
Qingdao
Dalian
Nanjing
Shenyang
Tianjin
Wuhan Hangzhou
GuangzhouShenzhen
Xiamen
are to the north of it and the rest are to the south. These
cities are important hubs within China’s economic network, as well
as key channels for international economic exchange.
Coincidentally, PwC has offices in 11 of these 15 surveyed cities,
which indicates that the establishment of PwC’s China offices is in
line with the course of China’s reform and opening up. The word
“opportunity” in Chinese Cities of Opportunity refers to the chance
to take up opportunities for globalisation purposes amidst the
global economic recovery. It also refers to the opportunities to
participate in “Chinese-style urbanisation”, a trend that will have
a decisive effect on resource allocation, as forecast in the Third
Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee. These are opportunities
for all cities in China. These 15 cities are a selected sample
group for our research.
Beijing and Shanghai, which were already included in the Cities
of Opportunity 2012 global report and evaluated based on the same
criteria, were excluded from our latest scope of research. More
importantly, as Beijing and Shanghai are huge international Chinese
cities, they face a vastly different set of challenges and
opportunities than other cities in China. As such, any comparison
is unlikely to yield meaningful results.
Most of the targeted cities in this report are from Eastern
China primarily because they have a comparatively greater influence
in the country. We also exercised discretion in our selection of
the cities in Eastern China. For example, we chose Xiamen in Fuzhou
province for its strategic influence on cross-strait exchanges and
cooperation; Qingdao in
Shandong province was selected because of its economic and trade
relations with Japan and South Korea in Northeast Asia. In Central
China, we selected Zhengzhou and Wuhan. Zhengzhou is the largest
city in the Central Plains, and is right at the core of the
development strategy of the “Rise of Central China Plan”. Wuhan, a
major transportation hub and an important base for heavy industry,
also made the cut. Wuhan, a major transportation hub and an
important base for heavy industry, also made the cut. From Western
China, we selected four targets, namely Urumqi, the hub of China’s
new Silk Road as well as the country’s Northwestern gateway; Xi’an,
an ancient capital; Chongqing, an important Southwestern city; and
Nanning, the city with the most direct economic and cultural links
with ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries.
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5 Chinese Cities of Opportunity
Research methodology and data sources
While it is unrealistic to have the research on Chinese cities
adopt the same evaluation system used in the global report, we have
made efforts to maintain the overall integrity of the framework
within the localisation process. This includes the setting up of
the 10 indicators used in the global study as well as a number of
variables within each indicator. These 10 indicators are:
• Intellectual capital and innovation
• Regional city gateway
• Technology readiness
• Health, safety and security
• Transportation and urban planning
• Sustainability and the natural environment
• Demographics and livability
• Economic clout
• Ease of doing business
• Cost
Based on these indicators, we explored a number of deeper
issues, including regional management, education, urban landscapes,
sustainable development, traffic congestion, urban conservation.
Chinese Cities of Opportunity used the same variables as those
adopted in Cities of Opportunity 2012, with a total of 60
variables. As there are different research
perspectives between Chinese and global cities, the following 4
variables from the global report were redefined for the Chinese
report: “Political environment”, “Ease of entry: the number of
countries with visa waiver”, “Ease of entry: the number of foreign
embassies or consulates” and “Total tax rate”. For example, we
replaced “Political environment” with “Administrative
transparency”.
All data used in this report was obtained through publicly
available sources, with references to government statistics and
publications. These included data from the National Bureau of
Statistics, statistical yearbooks issued by the various cities,
statistical bulletins and reports issued by institutions affiliated
with the national government, the blue book and green paper series
issued by the Social Sciences Academic Press, academic reports from
authoritative institutions and statistical data from industry
associations. Data from the 2012-2013 period was used in certain
cases.
It is inevitable that differences in scores may arise from
quantitative data analysis, which ultimately affects the sample
cities’ rankings. We decided at the outset that we would use a
scoring system for transparency and simplicity purposes.
Based on data pertaining to each variable that we collected for
each city, we assigned scores (from highest to lowest) to each of
the 15 cities. 15 being the highest score (the best performance)
and 1 being the lowest score (the worst performance). In the case
of a tie, the cities were assigned the same score.
After scoring and ranking the 60 variables, we allocated
variables to the 10 indicators. Within every indicator, we summed
up the total scores for each variable to obtain the final scores
for the 10 indicators of each city. Final scores were then
aggregated on this basis that resulted in the final rankings.
We hope to construct a general and objective evaluation system
to provide the Chinese government with references and suggestions
for their policy formulation and development plans under the “New
Urbanisation” scheme. This is also aimed at establishing a
foundation for future analysis of Chinese cities through an
authentic and reliable research methodology.
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PwC 6
After all 60 variables were rated, Shenzhen emerged with the
highest overall score, receiving top scores for 5 out of 10
indicators. Shenzhen’s urbanisation history only went back 30-plus
years from its humble beginning as a fishing village, making its
case the most unusual of China’s urbanisation development. As the
city borders Hong Kong, the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping
designated Shenzhen an “experimental field” at the beginning of
China’s reform and opening up. Even to this day, Shenzhen’s urban
construction framework is built on the core ideology of emancipated
thinking and innovative practices. This won Shenzhen the title of
an “urban construction miracle”. The city’s growth also reflects
the “China miracle”.
Guangzhou and Nanjing, two well-known historical cities, came in
second and third respectively. Together with Shenzhen, they are
China’s leading cities.
Guangzhou scored high in most of the indicators even if it did
not top any particular one of them. Because of this, Guangzhou’s
total score was only slightly less than Shenzhen’s. As for Nanjing,
it topped the rankings for both the “Intellectual capital and
innovation” and “Demographics and livability” indicators,
suggesting that there’s a new-found vitality even in the historical
city.
It is interesting to note that Shenzhen has only had 30 years of
urban history while Guangzhou and Nanjing had a much longer history
at it. Guangzhou began urbanising more than 2,200 years ago during
the Qin Dynasty. Nanjing, known as the “ancient capital” for six
dynasties, has a history spanning over 2,470 years.
Wuhan, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Shenyang and Xi’an ranked in
the middle among the 15 cities. Wuhan topped this band, scoring the
highest for the “Health, safety and security” indicator while
receiving average scores for most other indicators.
Tianjin is one of China’s earliest municipal cities. While
Tianjin scored quite highly in the indicators, the points were not
enough to make the top rankings of this study. Hangzhou, a
traditional tourist destination, also needs to improve its overall
economic strength in the region. Even as a relatively small city,
Xiamen played an important role in China’s opening-up policy,
with
its geographical advantages having helped in the facilitation of
cross-strait exchanges. Shenyang, an old industrial base, faces
challenges amidst China’s economic transition and modernisation
drive. However, the city’s outstanding performance in the
“Transportation and urban planning” indicator highlighted its
recent immense progress. Xi’an’s “Cost” indicator score showed its
clear advantage in this area and the city’s “Technology readiness”
indicator score came close to those of the leading cities in this
study.
Dalian, Chongqing, Qingdao and Zhengzhou made the third band
with their scores. Owing to its geographical location, Dalian is
the sea port for China’s Northeastern region. While its scores in
the “Health, safety and security”, “Economic clout” and “Cost”
indicators were relatively high, the city scored lesser in other
indicators. With its long history, Chongqing in the Southwestern
part of China, garners much attention as one of the four municipal
cities. It scored relatively high for the “Sustainability and
Observation findings on the 15 cities
Financial center plaza, Luohu district, Shenzhen
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7 Chinese Cities of Opportunity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Regional city gatewayIntellectual capital and innovation
Technology readiness Health, safety and security
Transportation and urban planning
Sustainability and the natural environment
Demographics and livability
Economic clout Ease of doing business Cost Final score
Nanning
Urumqi
Zhengzhou
Qingdao
Chongqing
Dalian
Xi’an
Shenyang
Xiamen
Hangzhou
Tianjin
Wuhan
Nanjing
Guangzhou
Shenzhen 93 84 50 26 61 61 36 70 104 9 594
97 78 43 48 54 53 68 92 16 593
115 47 45 49 59 38 48 47
39
39
68 50 566
86 61 29 54 52 90 58 552
87 58 30 29
55
64
28
67 75 43 533
99 53 45 51 30 46 87 26 519
73 55 43 35
42 40
32 90 48 514
77 41 26 37 66 31 44
44
46 69 67 504
68 38 49 47 50 42 31 64 71 483
66 31 34 48
23
22 52 68 60 473
38 71 17 27
35 46
19 55 60 63 456
67 35 22 45
48
25 51 70 55 451
62 29 21 42 41 27 21 29 58 71 401
39 33 15 30 41 18 20 44 43 55 338
31 12 18 40 22 42 15 31 50 49 310
41
49
40
58
43
58
40
the natural environment”, “Economic clout” and “Cost” indicators
but there is room for improvement in the other indicators.
Qingdao’s scores were in the mid-to-low range for the “Regional
city gateway” and “Technology readiness” indicators. Zhengzhou’s
score was low in 5 indicators: “Regional city gateway”, “Technology
readiness”, “Sustainability and the natural environment”,
“Demographics and livability” and “Economic clout”.
Urumqi and Nanning made the lowest band of this study because
they received low scores in many of the indicators. Urumqi and
Nanning had average scores for the “Cost” indicator. While Urumqi
scored better in the “Regional city gateway” indicator, Nanning had
a better performance in the “Sustainability and the natural
environment” indicator and the “Fiscal balance” variable which is
under the “Ease of doing business” indicator.
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PwC 8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Regional city gatewayIntellectual capital and innovation
Technology readiness Health, safety and security
Transportation and urban planning
Sustainability and the natural environment
Demographics and livability
Economic clout Ease of doing business Cost Final score
Nanning
Urumqi
Zhengzhou
Qingdao
Chongqing
Dalian
Xi’an
Shenyang
Xiamen
Hangzhou
Tianjin
Wuhan
Nanjing
Guangzhou
Shenzhen 93 84 50 26 61 61 36 70 104 9 594
97 78 43 48 54 53 68 92 16 593
115 47 45 49 59 38 48 47
39
39
68 50 566
86 61 29 54 52 90 58 552
87 58 30 29
55
64
28
67 75 43 533
99 53 45 51 30 46 87 26 519
73 55 43 35
42 40
32 90 48 514
77 41 26 37 66 31 44
44
46 69 67 504
68 38 49 47 50 42 31 64 71 483
66 31 34 48
23
22 52 68 60 473
38 71 17 27
35 46
19 55 60 63 456
67 35 22 45
48
25 51 70 55 451
62 29 21 42 41 27 21 29 58 71 401
39 33 15 30 41 18 20 44 43 55 338
31 12 18 40 22 42 15 31 50 49 310
41
49
40
58
43
58
40
East coast of Qingdao
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9 Chinese Cities of Opportunity
Urumqi Chongqing Nanning Zhengzhou Qingdao Shenyang Wuhan
Tianjin Dalian Guangzhou Xiamen Hangzhou Nanjing Xi'an Shenzhen
ShenzhenChongqingTianjinUrumqiXiamenShenyangNanningZhengzhouQingdaoXi'anGuangzhouDalianNanjingHangzhouWuhan
UrumqiNanningZhengzhouChongqingXi'anDalianNanjingShenyangQingdaoTianjinHangzhouWuhanXiamenGuangzhouShenzhen
ShenzhenGuangzhouHangzhouTianjinXiamenNanningNanjingQingdaoUrumqiWuhanDalianChongqingShenyangZhengzhouXi'an1
2
3
3
5
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
3
4
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
3
3
5
6
7
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
15
1
1
3
4
5
6
7
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
5049
4545
4343
3430
2926
2221
1817
15
5451
49484847
4542
4037
353029
2726
104929090
8775
70696868
646058
5043
7171
6763
6058
5555
504948
4326
169
Technology readiness Health, safety and security Ease of doing
business Cost
NanningChongqingUrumqiZhengzhouDalianQingdaoXi'anXiamenShenyangWuhanTianjinShenzhenGuangzhouHangzhouNanjing
NanningZhengzhouDalianUrumqiQingdaoXi'anShenyangNanjingHangzhouXiamenTianjinWuhanChongqingGuangzhouShenzhen
NanningChongqingUrumqiZhengzhouDalianQingdaoHangzhouShenzhenWuhanXiamenTianjinXi'anShenyangGuangzhouNanjing
ZhengzhouXi'anNanningXiamenUrumqiShenyangHangzhouNanjingQingdaoWuhanDalianChongqingTianjinGuangzhouShenzhen1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
2
4
5
6
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
3
4
5
5
7
8
9
9
11
12
13
13
15
1159997
938786
7773
686766
623938
31
8478
7161
5855
5347
4138
3533
3129
12
484444
4240
3939
3630
2522
2120
1915
706867
55525251
474646
44323131
29
Intellectual capital and innovation Regional city gateway
Demographics and livability Economic clout
NanningQingdaoZhengzhouXiamenUrumqiHangzhouChongqingDalianXi'anGuangzhouWuhanNanjingShenzhenTianjinShenyang
UrumqiXi'anZhengzhouWuhanShenyangNanjingHangzhouTianjinNanningDalianQingdaoGuangzhouChongqingXiamenShenzhen1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
11
11
14
15
1
2
2
4
5
6
7
8
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
6664
6159
5554
504948
42414141
3522
615858
5346
4342
4040
3831
2827
2318
Transportation and urban planning Sustainability and the natural
environment
Indicator rankings at a glance
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PwC 10
Urumqi Chongqing Nanning Zhengzhou Qingdao Shenyang Wuhan
Tianjin Dalian Guangzhou Xiamen Hangzhou Nanjing Xi'an Shenzhen
ShenzhenChongqingTianjinUrumqiXiamenShenyangNanningZhengzhouQingdaoXi'anGuangzhouDalianNanjingHangzhouWuhan
UrumqiNanningZhengzhouChongqingXi'anDalianNanjingShenyangQingdaoTianjinHangzhouWuhanXiamenGuangzhouShenzhen
ShenzhenGuangzhouHangzhouTianjinXiamenNanningNanjingQingdaoUrumqiWuhanDalianChongqingShenyangZhengzhouXi'an1
2
3
3
5
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
3
4
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
3
3
5
6
7
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
15
1
1
3
4
5
6
7
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
5049
4545
4343
3430
2926
2221
1817
15
5451
49484847
4542
4037
353029
2726
104929090
8775
70696868
646058
5043
7171
6763
6058
5555
504948
4326
169
Technology readiness Health, safety and security Ease of doing
business Cost
NanningChongqingUrumqiZhengzhouDalianQingdaoXi'anXiamenShenyangWuhanTianjinShenzhenGuangzhouHangzhouNanjing
NanningZhengzhouDalianUrumqiQingdaoXi'anShenyangNanjingHangzhouXiamenTianjinWuhanChongqingGuangzhouShenzhen
NanningChongqingUrumqiZhengzhouDalianQingdaoHangzhouShenzhenWuhanXiamenTianjinXi'anShenyangGuangzhouNanjing
ZhengzhouXi'anNanningXiamenUrumqiShenyangHangzhouNanjingQingdaoWuhanDalianChongqingTianjinGuangzhouShenzhen1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
2
4
5
6
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
3
4
5
5
7
8
9
9
11
12
13
13
15
1159997
938786
7773
686766
623938
31
8478
7161
5855
5347
4138
3533
3129
12
484444
4240
3939
3630
2522
2120
1915
706867
55525251
474646
44323131
29
Intellectual capital and innovation Regional city gateway
Demographics and livability Economic clout
NanningQingdaoZhengzhouXiamenUrumqiHangzhouChongqingDalianXi'anGuangzhouWuhanNanjingShenzhenTianjinShenyang
UrumqiXi'anZhengzhouWuhanShenyangNanjingHangzhouTianjinNanningDalianQingdaoGuangzhouChongqingXiamenShenzhen1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
11
11
14
15
1
2
2
4
5
6
7
8
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
6664
6159
5554
504948
42414141
3522
615858
5346
4342
4040
3831
2827
2318
Transportation and urban planning Sustainability and the natural
environment
-
This content is for general information purposes only, and
should not be used as a substitute for consultation with
professional advisors.
© 2014 PwC. All rights reserved. PwC refers to the PwC network
and/or one or more of its member firms, each of which is a separate
legal entity. Please see www.pwc.com/structure for further
details.
For further information on Chinese Cities of Opportunity, please
contact:
David Wu
PwC China Beijing Senior Partner
PwC China Public Policy and Regulatory Affairs Leader
+86 10 6533 2456
[email protected]
Jim Chen
PwC China North Real Estate Industry Leader
PwC China Assurance Partner
+86 10 6533 2067
[email protected]
Jun Jin
PwC China Advisory Strategy Consulting Partner
+86 21 2323 3263
[email protected]
For further information
For media inquiries, please contact:
Jenny Yu
PwC China Marketing and Communications Senior Consultant
+86 10 6533 8723
[email protected]
For inquiries about the research methodology, please
contact:
Angeline Cheng
PwC China Advisory Strategy Consulting Associate Director
+86 10 6533 7409
[email protected]
Jeff Deng
PwC China Marketing and Communications Consultant
+86 10 6533 3567
[email protected]
