CHINAStudy Guide2013

7/27/2019 CHINAStudy Guide2013

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Study Guide: China

Mar 29th

, 2013

20 mc point each

Important concepts from MC Questions

Historical conceptso 1949o Great Leap Forwardo Cultural revolutiono Leadership since death of Deng Xiaoping

Economico Five year plano Four modernizationso Why corruptiono Why other nations oppose trade with Chinao Trade policy under Deng Xiaopingo Special Economic zoneso Household responsibility system

Politicalo Guanxio Judicial systemo Type of political leaders since 1978o CCPs relationship with the PLAo Ways of political participationo The way political elites are recruited

Short Answer

1. Describe the Great Leap Forward. What were the results of the Great Leap Forward? 2 points Maos aggressive attempt of accelerating Chinese economic change (20 years in a dayaimed for the

industrialization of China, and collective agriculture)

First priority was the redistribution of landgiven to peasants Ended in failureagriculture was set back by nearly a decade, Mao came close to losing power Liu Shaoqi became president

2. We have read a couple of articles on China. Discuss the main issues facing China today as expressedin these articles. (Political & economic) 4 points

Lack of key resourcesChina has a voracious need for key resources that would be necessary for its large industries

CCP holds all real powerRegardless of Chinas official title of a multi-party system, in reality the CCP holds all the

political power.

3. What are the specifics of the Presidency/Executive branch of government in China? 4 points Type of executive

Single-party executive (officially a multi-party system, but that is just a faade)

o How elected?President is nominated and elected by the Standing Committee of the NPC

State Council is also elected by the NPCo Who?

Hu Jintao is the president

Executive consists of the State Council


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4. Where is the real power in China located? Describe this group of people. 2 points The real power in China is located in the Standing Committee of the Politburo. The Committee

runs the party when Politburo is not in session, and consists of 6-10 members. The Committee

meets on a daily basis.

5. Describe how two economic policiessince Maos death have moved China toward a capitalistsystem. 4 points

Household contractsA household was allocated a piece of land and was required to meet state quotas

Collective agriculture ceased to exist

Small businesses were allowed

Special economic zonesAimed for attracting foreign investment

Increased foreign trade, China became more extroverted

6. Describe the relationship between the structure of the CCP & the official governmentalorganizations. Use examples. 4 points

Theres a lot of overlap in membership between the two organizations, yet the power lies in theCCP. Hu Jintao for example is both the president of China, as well as the general secretary.7. Explain the role the Peoples Liberation Army has played in Chinas political development.2 points

The Liberation Army, unlike in most countries, has been used for internal rather than externalmatters. It mainly maintains internal security, in cases such as the Tiananmen Square uprising.

8. State three ways that the NPC power is limited? 3 points It only meets once a year Its incredibly large only rubber stamp decisions can be made within such a large organ Expected to merely discuss and endorse the decisions already made by the party

9. Describe the legislative branch of the Chinese government. 4 points Identify the different structures

National Peoples Congress

Standing Committee of the NPC

i. How electedIndirectly by people (people vote for county congresses)

Approved by Central Committee, membership negotiated by leaders of CCP

ii. Number3000 members

6-10 members Who is in the top office

-

Wu Bangguo

People to Know: 2 points each

Mao Zedong

Former head of CCP, brought about the Great Leap forward and the Cultural Revolution; first generation of Chinas

four generations of leaders

Xi JinpingGeneral Secretary of CCP. Hu Jintaos successor, against corruption, continues market economic reforms.

Deng Xiaoping

A leader who focused on economic reforms and repairing the damage Mao had done (Four Modernizations,

socialism with Chinese characters).


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Terms: 2 points each

Peoples Liberation Party

Army used for internal matters, mainly internal security as opposed to the armies of other countries. Supports the

politics.

Special Economic Zones

Created for attracting foreign investment, increased foreign trade.

One country, two systemsRefers to China seemingly being a multiparty system, whereas in reality it uses a simple-party system.

3rd

generation leaders & 4th

generation leaders

These generations reinforced economic reforms and technocratic style governance

Confucianism

A secular and ethical set of moral rules and principles for all aspects of lifenot a religion

Cultural Revolution

Maos program of ideological reform aimed at strengthening his control over China

guanxi

Mandate of Heaven

Government by goodness - emperor only had the right to govern as long as he ruled with virtue and honor

Documents

CHINAStudy Guide2013