China’s coal fired electric power sector challenges and

© IEA Clean Coal Centre CCT4 Dresden May 2004 www.iea-coal.org.uk

China’s coal fired electric power sector challenges and opportunities

Dr Andrew MinchenerPrincipal Associate, IEA Clean Coal Centre

Scope of presentation (part of IEACCC study in progress)

• Status of the generation companies• Overview of coal-fired power within the

generation mix• Efficiency, environmental and economic

considerations• Chinese manufacturing capabilities• CO2 mitigation possibilities• Creating future near zero emissions power

generation power plants

Status of the generation companies

• Five largest companies own ~40% of generation capacity (down from~46% when State Power Corporation was broken up)

• All five now buying up mining groups to ensure some stability in coal supply and price

• Several involved in coal to chemicals projects • All introducing advanced CCTs while closing old, small

units (in line with Government policy)

Issues arising

• Massive year-on-year growth in coal fired capacity

• Older, smaller units are inefficient and polluting

• Largest market in the world for the larger, environmentally acceptable units with advanced steam conditions

China 2020 Installed Power Gen Capacity - China National Plan TOTAL = 1207

63.0%

14.9%3.3%

1.2%

5.0% 2.5%

6.6%

0.1%

3.3%

12.6%

Coal

Hydro

Nuclear

Oil

Gas

Wind

Small Hydro

Solar PV

Biomass

Environmental issues of increasing concern

Coal related CO2 mitigation in China?

• Improve efficiency of coal fired power generation plus limit emissions of conventional pollutants (near term)

• Introduce cofiring of coal with CO2 neutral feedstocks (near to medium term)

• Develop and deploy CO2 capture and storage techniques (longer term)

New coal-fired capacity installed each year in China

1,925 3,540

8,49012,520

8,700 9,9245,350

7,04015,910

28,270 30,350

9,550

2,927 5,300 3,820

1,860

3,660

9,500

14,400

38,220

47,790

100160210500300250436100310

2,127 1,575 9452,1601,9252,295 2,281 4,190

1,100

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Uni

t Cap

acity

(MW

)

10-50 MW 50-99 MW 100-199 MW 200-399 MW 400+ MW

Data Source: Platts UDI, June 2008 via NETL

New operational supercritical units each year in China

6

49

2 311 1 1 5

41

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

# O

pper

atio

nal S

uper

criti

cal U

nits

Number of Units

Data Source: Platts UDI, June 2008 via NETL

SC/USC units for China at end 2007

In operation Under construction

New orders

Capacity (GWe)

99.5 >100 82.4

Number of units

122 >167 131

Major manufacturers of USC and SC coal fired boilers and turbines in China

Manufacturer• Harbin Boiler and Turbine

Cos.• Shanghai Boiler and Turbine

Cos.• Dongfang Boiler and Turbine

Cos.

Technology supplier• Alstom Power• Mitsubishi• Hitachi• IHI• Doosan Babcock• Toshiba• Siemens

Environmental regulations in China

• New SO2 , NOx , and PM standards (2004) within World Bank guidelines

SO2 standards equivalent to OECD average• Goal: FGD at 60% capacity by 2010, supported by incentive in

electricity price for FGD use together with tax on SO2 emissions• Government focus on developing cost-effective FGD systems

NOx standards relatively modest compared to OECD • Can be satisfied by Chinese low-NOx burners but power

companies have begun importing SCNR and SCR systems

PM emission standards require higher efficiency ESPs

China FGD installations

• Government 2010 target for FGD exceeded in 2008

• By end of 2008, 379 GWe out of 574 GWe coal fired power plants had FGD installed

• From 2007 onwards, national SO2 emissions began to decrease

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Cap

aci

ty (

GW

e)

China SO2 scrubber

China coal power

© IEA Clean Coal Centre www.iea-coal.org.uk

China - Typical (old) 200 MWe plant


Wangqu 2 x 660 MWe power plant


Huaneng Yuhuan 4x 1000MWe USC coal fired power plant

CO2 mitigation by cofiring

• Technically applicable in China as in EU

• Potential is very significant

• Policy barriers must be overcome

• Considerable scope for EU-China cooperation to resolve the perceived problems

CO2 capture and storage

China CCS R&D activities

National Basic Research (973) Programme• Utilising GHG as resources in EOR and Geological

Storage• Syngas production based on coal gasification &

pyrolysis• High efficiency conversion of natural gas & syngas• High efficiency heat-work transfer study of gas

turbinesNational High-Tech (863) Programme• Development of Carbon Capture and Storage

Techniques


CCS international cooperation

China-Australia capacity building activities on capture and storage

EU-China NZEC cooperation programme and other EC supported CCS projects

China – USA study of regional opportunities for CCS in China

Various EOR demonstration projects, including major activity with Japan

China-Canada ECBM projects

Other projects in preparation

Huaneng CO2 capture pilot plant, Beijing

© IEA Clean Coal Centre CCT4 Dresden May 2009 www.iea-coal.org.uk

Near Zero Emissions from Coal (NZEC)

Includes a collaborative project, supported by DECC and MOST, to:– build capacity in China to determine the best options

for carbon dioxide capture, transport and geological storage; and

– examine the potential for the development and demonstration of CCS technology in China and its deployment in the future.

www.nzec.info

http://www.nzec.info/

Scope of Phase 1 programme

• WP1 – Knowledge Sharing & Capacity Building

• WP2 – Future Energy Technology Perspectives

• WP3 – Case Studies for Carbon Capture

• WP4 – Carbon Storage Potential

• WP5 – Policy Assessment & Roadmap

CO2 storage capacity assessments

(EU-China partnership on climate change)

Shenhua CTL plant (CCS project being developed)

The way forward?

• Need to pursue a low carbon development path with Chinese characteristics, with clearly defined targets and priority actions– Reduction in energy use per unit of GDP, with consequent

reduction in CO2 emissions

• Recognition that China can fulfil a leadership role in clean coal technology with carbon capture and storage– China already a growing provider of equipment and know-

how in power generation, both domestically and overseas – Tremendous scope to build on the base to integrate CCS

techniques as necessary– Build on joint ventures and licensing arrangements already in

place

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China’s coal fired electric power sector challenges and