China.bulldozers: The Chinese independent film scene documentary

7/29/2019 China.bulldozers: The Chinese independent film scene documentary

1/12

120

!"##$%&'()*+!,-#')+./$+0'(1+23.(4+

5/,6')7+83'+93,/')'+:/$'4'/$'/;+)/% 1)% '#,#*(-(1)D% &)/% '"&'% (-%

0$#2(-#,5%'"#%01()':%A%'$3,5%()/#0#)/#)'%/1234#)'&$5%41*#4#)'%"&-%

'&E#)%'"&'%9&4(,(&$%=&*#91$4%4&$E#/%+5%#;0,1-(*#%8$1='"7%)#=)#--%

#*#$5="#$#7% &)/% #;"(,&$&'(1)% 1*#$% ())1*&'(*#% 41*(#4&E()8% &)/%

=&5-% 19% *(#=()8:% !=#)'5@>*#% 5#&$-% &817% I% -&=% 45% >$-'% ."()#-#%

/1234#)'&$57% &% 4()/@)34+()8% 0$10&8&)/&% 0(#2#% 1)% ($$(8&'(1)%

0$1J#2'#/%()%&%/$#&$5%41*(#%0&,&2#%()%K"&)8"&(:%!"(-%(-%'"#%E()/%19%


2/12

121

Bulldozers, Bibles and Very Sharp Knives

2()#4&%L%&,1)8%=('"%('-%+$1&/2&-'%'#,#*(-(1)%&)&,183#%L%'"&'%'"#%

)#=%/1234#)'&$5%$#+#,-%&8&()-':M1-'% ()/#0#)/#)'% >,4-% 3'(,(-#% &% *&$(&'(1)% 19% /($#2'% 2()#4&%

1$(8()&,,5% ,#&$)#/% 9$14% C$#/$(2E% N(-#4&):% !"#% 1'"#$% )&4#%

$#83,&$,5% /$100#/% (-% O&0&)F-% ,44&E#$-%&$#%

01#'-7% 0&()'#$-7% )1*#,(-'-% &)/% -'(,,% 0"1'18$&0"#$-7% &)/% '"#5% -"11'%

=('"13'%,(8"'%0&2E&8#-%1$%2$#=-:%\-()8%&%9&($,5%3)0$12#--#/%*#$-(1)%

19%/($#2'%2()#4&7%'"#5%&//$#--%'"#%-0#2'$34%19%,(9#%'"#%81*#$)4#)'%

3-3&,,5% -'&E#-% 199% &-% '&+116% 0$1-'('3'(1)7% +3$#&32$&'(2% 21$$30'(1)7%

$3$&,%0$1'#-'-%&8&()-'%,&)/%#;0$10$(&'(1)7% '"#%(401*#$(-"#/%#,/#$,5%

&)/% 4#)'&,,5% "&)/(2&00#/7% &% 2140$14(-#/% #/32&'(1)% -5-'#47%

$#,(8(13-%9#$*13$7%"141-#;3&,('5%&)/%J3-'%-#;3&,('5%0#$(1/:

]##/,#--%'1%-&57%'"(-%/1#-)F'%-U3&$#%=('"%1)#F-%(/#&%19%."()#-#%

(4&8#%23,'3$#:%[1=#*#$7%'"#-#%E()/-%19%'$&)-91$4&'(1)-%()%-'5,#%&)/%

-3+J#2'%4&''#$%-"13,/%214#%&-%)1%-3$0$(-#%'1%'"1-#%9&4(,(&$%=('"%'"#%


3/12

122

Film Festival Yearbook 3

"(-'1$5%19%/1234#)'&$5:%C(,44&E#$-%'&E#%#*#$5%()2"%'"#5%2&)%8#':%

I'F-%'"#%$#2#0'(1)%21)'#;'%'"&'%(-%'$3,5%#;'$&1$/()&$5:%A)/%'"#%-('3&'(1)%2&)%+#%#)2&0-3,&'#/% ()%'"#%#;&40,#%19%'=1% 9#-'(*&,-6% '"#%P3))&)%

M3,'(23,'3$&,%Z(-3&,%C#-'(*&,%G1$%P3)9#-'7%&-%('%(-%E)1=)7%===:53)9#-':

1$8H%&)/%'"#%."()&%Q1234#)'&$5%C(,4%C#-'(*&,%()%K1)8?"3&)8:X

!"#%/1234#)'&$5%-2#)#%"&'2"#/%()%2&9^-%&)/%3)(*#$-('5@+&-#/%

2()#@2,3+-7%&)/%&9'#$%'"#%'3$)%19%'"#%2#)'3$5%&%=(/#%*&$(#'5%19%9#-'(*&,-%

2$100#/%30%&2$1--%'"#%213)'$5%()%2('(#-%,(E#%K"&)8"&(%&)/%]&)J()8:%

!"#$#% (-%&% -()8,#% _()'#$)&'(1)&,% 9#-'(*&,F% ()%`3&)8?"137% +3'% &-%&)%

19>2(&,,5%$#218)(-#/%#*#)'%('%(-%9&'&,,5%2140$14(-#/%()%'"#%#5#-%19%'"#%

()/#0#)/#)'-%G)1)#%19%'"#($%=1$E%213,/%#*#$%0&--%'"#%2#)-1$-"(0%

`3&)8?"13%#)'$&)'-%43-'%-3+4('%'1H:%P3)9#-'%&)/%K1)8?"3&)8%"&*#%

&2"(#*#/% '"#($%01-('(1)-%19%0$#-'(8#%'"$138"%'"#($%3)2140$14(-()8%

2144('4#)'%'1%()/#0#)/#)2#:

!"(-% &,-1% 4&E#-% '"#4% '"1$138",5% )&'(1)&,% &99&($-:% N"#$#%

'"#% ()'#$)&'(1)&,% 9#-'(*&,% (-% &)% ()'#$9&2#% 19% '"#% ,12&,% &)/% 8,1+&,7%

'"#-#%#*#)'-%&$#%>$4,5%0,&)'#/%&'%'"#%"#'#$18#)#13-%)#;3-%19%'"#%

)&'(1)&,:%!"#%2&'&,183#-%&$#%+(,()83&,7%+3'%91$#(8)%-3+'(',#-%&$#%19'#)%

-U3##?#/% 13'% +5% '"#% ."()#-#% -3+-%4&/#%)#2#--&$5% +5%/(&,#2'-:%

I)'#$0$#'&'(1)% 91$%abA% -#--(1)-% (-%8#)#$&,,5% 19% '"#%="(-0#$()8@19@

9$(#)/-% *&$(#'5:%A)/% ="(,#% '"#% >,4-% '#-'(95% '1% ."()&F-% &-'13)/()8%

23,'3$&,% &)/% ,()83(-'(2% /(99#$#)2#-7% [1)8% c1)8% &)/% '"#% ."()#-#%

/(&-01$&%&$#%&,,%+3'%#;2,3/#/%9$14%'"#%>,4-%&)/%'"#($%/(-23--(1)-:%

!"#$#%(-%&%,1'%19%)&*#,@8&?()8%"#$#%L%8$&)'#/7%'"#%21)2#)'$&'(1)%(-%

="1,,5%1)%01E()8%&'%'"#%/($'%()-(/#:%!"(-%-#)-#%19%'"#%/1234#)'&$5%

=1$,/%+#()8%"#$4#'(2&,,5% -#&,#/% +5% '"#% )&'(1)&,% +1$/#$% (-% 0&$'% 19%

="&'%4&E#-%'1/&5F-%-2#)#%-1%9&-2()&'()8:%]1%/13+'%('%=(,,%2140,#'#,5%

'$&)-91$4%()%'"#%214()8%5#&$-:

!"#%"#'#$18#)#('5%19%'"#%)&'(1)&,%-0&2#%(-%0&$'(23,&$,5%0&,0&+,#%

&'%'"#%+(#))(&,%P3)9#-'7%="(2"%J3-'%>)(-"#/%('-%913$'"%#/('(1)%()%M&$2"%

XTTS:%W12&'#/% ()%c3)4()87% 9&$% 9$14% '"#%+3-',#%19% '"#% 2&0('&,7% '"(-%

9$(#)/,5%&)/%$#,&;#/%9#-'(*&,% (-% $3)7% 23$(13-,5%#)138"7%+5%-2"1,&$-%


4/12

123


9$14% '"#% P3))&)%A2&/#45% 19% K12(&,% K2(#)2#-7% =('"% -01)-1$-"(0%

9$14%]`,44&E#$-7%03-"()8%93'3$#%

0$1/32'(1)% ()% ()'#$#-'()8% /($#2'(1)-7% &)/% ()'$1/32()8% E#5% 91$#(8)%

>,4%0#10,#%'1%'"#%,12&,%/1234#)'&$5%-2#)#%+5%4&E()8%'"#4%J3$1$-:%

I)/##/7%'"(-%(-%"1=%I%2&4#%'1%=$('#%'"(-%&$'(2,#:

!"#%2140#'('(1)%&,-1% 0$1*(/#-% '"#%122&-(1)% 91$% 21)'$1*#$-57%

=('"13'% ="(2"% )1% >,4% 9#-'(*&,% (-% 2140,#'#:% !"(-% 5#&$F-% 1+J#2'% 19%

/#+&'#%=&-%d3%!1)8F-%!"#$%&'($ G)&*"+$,"-.*/+0$XTTYH7%."()&F-%

>$-'%0$1-'('3'(1)%/1234#)'&$5:%I'%(-%&%$#4&$E&+,5%()'(4&'#%01$'$&('%19%

&%V#(J()8%0$1-'('3'#7%="1%-#)/-%41)#5%"14#%91$%"#$%,1*()8%9&'"#$F-%

2&)2#$%'$#&'4#)'-:%\0$1&$%8$##'#/%'"#%/($#2'1$F-%$#*#,&'(1)%'"&'%'"#%

4&()%2"&$&2'#$%/(/%)1'%E)1=%'"&'%"#$%,(9#%=13,/%#)/%30%0$1J#2'#/%()%

>,4%9#-'(*&,-:%A%0#'('(1)%2($23,&'#/%'1%03,,%('%9$14%'"#%2140#'('(1)7%&)/%

'"#%0$18$&44#$-%4&/#%-0&2#%91$%&%913$@"13$%/(-23--(1)%+#'=##)%

d3%&)/%"(-%2$('(2-:%!"#%J3$5%-'(,,%8&*#%('%&%0$(?#:%!"#%>,4%21)'()3#-%

'1%/$&=%21)'$1*#$-5%'=1%5#&$-%1):%!"#%-3+J#2'%19%'"#%>,4%>)&,,5%/(/%

214#%&2$1--%'"#%>,4%&)/%/(/)F'%,(E#%="&'%-"#%-&=:%K"#%4&/#%&%-#'%

19%/#4&)/-7%()2,3/()8%&%'1'&,%+&)%1)%/14#-'(2%-2$##)()8-:%[1=#*#$7%

+#2&3-#%'"#%/($#2'1$%$#93-#/%'1%4##'%&,,%'"#%/#4&)/-7%&'%,#&-'%1)#%

01'#)'(&,%/(-'$(+3'1$%"#-('&'#-%()E()8%&%21)'$&2'%G()'#$#-'()8,5%#)138"7%

)1)#%19%'"(-%"&-%-'100#/%>,4%9#-'(*&,-%9$14%-2$##)()8%'"#%>,4H:%

!$3'"% +#% '1,/7% ('% (-% 3)2,#&$% '"&'% &)5% 19% '"#% -3+J#2'-% ()% '"#%

2140#'('(1)% >,4-% $#&,(-#% '"#5%&$#% +#()8% -##)%1)% '"#% ()'#$)&'(1)&,%


5/12

124


>,4%9#-'(*&,%2($23(':%!"#%-2#)#%"#$#%(-%'11%B3(/%&)/%&/%"127%)1'% '1%

4#)'(1)%"#$1(2&,,5%$#)#8&/#7%'1%0&5%&''#)'(1)%'1%-32"%/#'&(,-:%!"(-7%'117%=(,,%-11)%2"&)8#:

!"#%1'"#$%4&J1$%-#2'(1)%19%P3)9#-'% (-% '"#% _21443)('5%*(/#1F%

0$18$&44#7% 1$% ="&'% =13,/% 3-3&,,5% +#% $#9#$$#/% '1% &-% ()/(8#)13-%

1$%C($-'%]&'(1)-%/1234#)'&$5:%!"(-%(-%"1=%P3)9#-'%-'&$'#/%13'D%'"#%

*(-3&,%&)'"$101,18(-'-%=#$#%$3))()8%&%*&$(#'5%19%*(,,&8#%0$1J#2'-%&)/%

=&)'#/%&%03+,(2%91$34%91$%'"#($%=1$E:%!"(-%5#&$F-%P3)9#-'%9#&'3$#/%

'"#($% 1=)% P3))&)@Z(#')&4% .1443)('5@V&-#/% Z(-3&,% e/32&'(1)%

&)/% .1443)(2&'(1)% f$1J#2'7% N3% N#)83&)8F-% ."()&% Z(,,&8#$%

Q1234#)'&$5% f$1J#2'% &)/% &% "&)/93,% 19% 1'"#$% ]`


6/12

125


A4(/%'"(-%2#,#+$&'1$5%&)/%2"##$93,%&'41-0"#$#7%'"#$#%(-%&,-1%

&% -"&$0%#/8#% '1% '"#% 0$12##/()8-:% K14#% 19% '"#% 21443)('5% *(/#1%>,44&E#$-%3-#%'"#($%2&4#$&-%'1%0$1'#-'%#*#$5'"()8%9$14%#)*($1)4#)'&,%

/#8$&/&'(1)%'1%'"#%(40&2'%19%'13$(-4%'1%19>2(&,%21$$30'(1):%A)/%)#&$,5%

#*#$5%2140#'('(1)%>,4%=13,/%4&E#%81*#$)4#)'%&3'"1$('(#-%2$()8#:

I'F-% )1% =1)/#$% '"&'% =##E-% +#91$#% '"#% XTTg% P3)9#-'7% '"#%

81*#$)4#)'7%()%'"#%=1$/-%19%9#-'(*&,%/($#2'1$%P(%K#2"#)87%_-388#-'#/%

=#%h01-'01)#i%P3)9#-'%3)'(,%&%,&'#$%/&'#7%+3'%'"#5%8&*#%)1%()/(2&'(1)%

j:::k%="#)%'"&'%,&'#$%/&'#%4(8"'%214#F:%A9'#$%-14#%-2$&4+,()87%'"#5%

'1,/%'"#($%83#-'-%'1%214#%&9'#$%&,,7%'$&)-0,&)'()8%'"#%9#-'(*&,%'1%'"#%

0(2'3$#-U3#% 413)'&()% '1=)% 19% Q&,(:% P3)9#-'% "&/% )1'% &-E#/% 91$%

0#$4(--(1)% '1%#;(-'7% )1$% "&/% ('% -3+4(''#/% &)5% >,4-% 91$% ()-0#2'(1)%

1$%2#)-1$-"(0:%!"3-7%('%=&-%2,#&$%'"&'%'"#%81*#$)4#)'%=&-%'$&2E()8%

'"#% #)'$5% >,4-% 4&E()8% '"#($% =&5% '1% c3)4()8:% M1$#% '"&)% 1)#%

0$18$&44#$%&)/%>,44&E#$%()%."()&%'1,/%4#%'"#%-&4#%'"()86%_!"#5%

E)1=%#*#$5'"()8F:%[1=#*#$7%'"(-%5#&$F-%9#-'(*&,%=#)'%199%=('"13'%&)5%

*(-(+,#%"('2"7%&,'"138"%1)#%19%'"#%1$8&)(-#$-%=&-%2&,,#/%()%-#*#$&,%

'(4#-%'1%/#9#)/%'"#%#*#)':%,44&E#$-%&)/%9#-'(*&,-%

&,(E#:% [#$#% (-%&% 811/%#;&40,#% (,,3-'$&'()8% "1=% ('%=1$E-:%A)5'"()8%

2&,,#/%&%_>,4%9#-'(*&,F%()%."()&%9&,,-%3)/#$%'"#%+3$#&32$&25%1*#$-##()8%

2()#4&%L%&-%()%2#,,3,1(/%L%&)/%43-'%&-E%&3'"1$('(#-%91$%0#$4(--(1)%

'1%1$8&)(-#7% &)/% '"#)% -3+4('% '1% 93,,% 2#)-1$-"(0% 0$12##/()8-:% V3'%

P3)9#-'%(-%&)%_(4&8#%#;"(+('(1)F%G5()8%;(&)8%?"&)H%&)/%K1)8?"3&)8%

(-%&)%_#;2"&)8#%=##EF%GJ(&1%,(3%?"13H%-1%+5%*($'3#%19%*#$+(&8#%'"#5%9&,,%


7/12

126


3)/#$%&%,#--%-'$(2'%+3$#&32$&25%'"&'%1*#$-##-%QZQ-:%!"(-%#)&+,#-%

'"#%>,4%&3'"1$('(#-%'1%-(40,5%,11E%'"#%1'"#$%=&5%="(,#%()/#0#)/#)'%/1234#)'&$(-'-% '&2E,#% 21)'$1*#$-(&,% -3+J#2'-% ()% )1*#,% 2()#4&'(2%

-'5,#-:

!"#$#% &$#% -'(,,% ,(4('-7% &,'"138"% '"#% K1)8?"3&)8% 1$8&)(-#$-%

&$#%0&$'(23,&$,5%&88$#--(*#%()%03-"()8%'"#4:%,4:%e*#$51)#%"&/%'"#%-&4#%"3-"#/%U3#-'(1)6%_I-%('%1)lF:%

!"#5%-11)%-"39B#/%+&2E%()'1%'"#%'"#&'$#:%!"#%9#-'(*&,%/($#2'1$7%m"3%

n(E3)7%()-0#2'#/%'"#%&3/(#)2#%'1%#)-3$#%1),5%()*('##-%=#$#%-#&'#/:%

!"#)%"#%,12E#/%'"#%/11$-7%&)/%-"1=#/%&%>,4%'"#5%E)#=%213,/%8#'%

'"#4%()%'$13+,#:

,4%23,'3$#%-'(,,%$#U3($#-%()9$&-'$32'3$#%&)/%'"&'%()%

'3$)%/#4&)/-%2&0('&,:%I)%1)#%-#)-#%'"#%9#-'(*&,-%&)/%2()#@2,3+-%&$#%

=1$E()8%()%'"#%0,&2#%19%&)%&-@'1@+#@2$#&'#/%/(-'$(+3'(1)%-5-'#4:%A)/%

'"#%9#-'(*&,-%0,&5%'"#%(401$'&)'%$1,#%19%&%)#'=1$E()8%-0&2#%'1%-"&$#%

=1$E7%+3(,/%$#03'&'(1)-7%&)/%-0$#&/%'"#%=1$/%&+13'%)#=%>,4-:%A'%'"#%

-&4#%'(4#7%&)51)#%2&)%-"1=%&%*(/#1%()%&%2&9^7%+3'%9#-'(*&,-%&$#%*#$5%

#;0#)-(*#%&99&($-:%P3)9#-'%(-%/#0#)/#)'%1)%'"#%,&$8#--%19%]`


8/12

127


'"#%1+J#2'%19%+$#&'"'&E()8%-0#23,&'(1)%1)%'"#%()'#$)&'(1)&,%&$'%4&$E#':%

M&)5%19%'"#-#%&$'(-'-%=#$#%,(*()8%)#&$%V#(J()8F-%K344#$%f&,&2#7%()%&%21,1)5%'"&'%=&-%/#41,(-"#/%()%&)'(2(0&'(1)%19%'"#%,4-:%e*#$5="#$#%

1)#%,11E#/%=#$#%'"#%"&,9@>)(-"#/7%-0,#)/(/%"14#-%&)/%-'3/(1-%19%

&$'(-'-7%)1=%9&+3,13-,5%=#&,'"5%'"&)E-%'1%'"#%,(E#-%19%K1'"#+5F-:%!"#%

4&()%/$&8%=&-% >,,#/%=('"%)#=%8&,,#$(#-:%e*#$5% $#-'&3$&)'% ()% '1=)%

(-% /#21$&'#/%=('"% -'3))()8% 0&()'()8-:%!"#% 9#-'(*&,F-% -0&)E()8@)#=%

*#)3#% =&-% ,(''#$#/% =('"% 0,&'#-% 19% 23'% 0()#&00,#7% ="(2"% =#% =#$#%

&--3$#/%=13,/%&+-1$+%'"#%/(??5()8%934#-%19%=#'%0&()':

A-%0&$'% 19% '"#($%&00$#2(&'(1)% 91$% '"#% )3$'3$()8% 19%W(%d(&)'()87%

'"#-#% -&4#% =#&,'"5% &$'(-'-% "&*#% -3001$'#/% "(-% >,4% 93)/% &)/% ('-%

9#-'(*&,:%!"#%-'3/(1% ('-#,9% (-%"13-#/% ()%W(F-%1,/%"14#7%&% 214013)/%

G&,-1% 3)/#$%21)-'$32'(1)H%=('"%'"#&'$#7% #/('()8%-3('#-%13'>''#/%=('"%

M&2% =1$E-'&'(1)-7% &% *(/#1% ,(+$&$5% &)/% 83#-'% "13-#:% I)% &% 21$)#$%

19%/($#2'1$%m"3%n(E3)F-%19>2#%-'&)/-%&%-'&'3#% +5%P3#%M()J3)% '"&'%

(-%-3$#,5% =1$'"%41$#% '"&)% '"#% #)'($#% 2140,#;:%!"(-% (-%="#$#%m"3%

0$#-(/#-%1*#$%'"#%."()&%Q1234#)'&$5%C(,4%C#-'(*&,%&)/%'"#%V#(J()8%

I)/#0#)/#)'%C(,4%C#-'(*&,:o%!"#%9#-'(*&,-%&$#%"#,/%()%&%2&*#$)13-%

)#=%&$'%43-#34%&)/%&%41*(#%'"#&'$#%'"&'7%)&'3$&,,57%-01$'-%&)%&$'%

8&,,#$5%,(E#%#*#$5%1'"#$%+3(,/()8%()%'1=):

K1)8?"3&)8%(-%J3-'%&-%()'(4&'#%&-%P3)9#-'%+3'7%0#$"&0-%+#2&3-#%

19%('-%0$1;(4('5%'1%'"#%-#&'%19%81*#$)4#)'7%('%9##,-%9&$%41$#%()'#)-#:%

[#$#%'"#%2140#'('(1)%(-%2,#&$,5%'"#%2#)'$#%19%&''#)'(1):%!"#$#%(-%'"#%

-#)-#%L%)1'%,#&-'%+#2&3-#%19%'"#%14)(0$#-#)'%/3-'7%2,&)8()8%&)/%


9/12

128


-4#,,%19%=#'%0&()'%L%'"&'%-14#'"()8%3''#$,5%)#=%(-%3)/#$%21)-'$32'(1)%

"#$#:::%"#$#%()%K1)8?"3&)8%&)/%"#$#%()%."()&%('-#,9:%A)/%'"#%>,4-%+#&$%'"(-%13':

A'% '"#% *#$5% -&4#% '(4#7% I% 2&))1'% "#,0% 9##,()8% '"&'% ="&'% (-%

#;2('()8%&+13'%21)'#401$&$5%/1234#)'&$5%()%."()&%(-%214()8%'1%&%

2,1-#D%'"&'%'"#%=&*#%(-%J3-'%)1=%0#&E()8:%.1)-(/#$%I+#$(&7%&%4&--(*#%

8&,,#$5%()%'"#%"#&$'%19%gSY%A$'%m1)#:%!"(-%(-%'"#%#;0&)-(*#%43)('(1)-%

9&2'1$5%'3$)#/%&$'(-'%21,1)5%()%'"#%."&15&)8%Q(-'$(2'%19%V#(J()86%RpY%

&2$#-%19%8&,,#$(#-7%&32'(1)%"13-#-%&)/%&$'(-'%-'3/(1-:%A%+3-()#--4&)%

="1%4&/#%"(-%91$'3)#%()%e3$10#%+&)E$1,,-%I+#$(&:%I'-%-'3))()8%-0&2#7%

1)2#%&% 9&2'1$5% 91$%=&$7%)1=%/(-0,&5-%&)/%-#,,-% '"#% ,&'#-'%."()#-#%

&$':%I'%&,-1%#40,15-%&%>,4%23$&'1$7%m"&)8%P&;3&)7%="1%(-%0&$'(23,&$,5%

/#*1'#/%'1%'"#%)1)>2'(1)%91$4:%GK"#%(-%&,-1%&%/1234#)'&$5%/($#2'1$%

()% "#$%1=)% $(8"'7% =('"%1#"23*2$1#"2$ j4$5#/"66*"-"27*$8'-*+'9:7%

V#,8(34q."()&7%21@/($#2'#/%=('"%,4%#;"(+('(1)7%&00$10$(&'#,5%

2#)'$()8% 1)% '"#% -(;% /1234#)'&$5% >,4% *#)3#-% '"#5% /##4% 41-'%

(401$'&)':%!"#5% ()2,3/#%P3)9#-'7% W(%d(&)'()8F-%C(,4%C3)/% &)/% '"#%

."()&%Q1234#)'&$5%C(,4%C#-'(*&,:%!"#%1'"#$-%&$#%C&)"&,,%C(,4-7%..Q%

N1$E-'&'(1)%&)/%I)/(#%N1$E-"10:%C&)"&,,%(-%&%21,,#2'(*#%19%>,4%9&)-%

+&-#/%()%K1)8?"3&)8%="1%-3001$'%'"#($%1=)%()/#0#)/#)'%'"#&'$#%+5%

&/*#$'(-()8%/#-(8)%=1$E:%..Q%N1$E-'&'(1)%(-%N3%N#)83&)8F-%/&)2#%

&)/% *(/#1% 21,,#2'(*#7%="(2"% (-% "1-'#/% +5%&%=#&,'"5% +3-()#--4&)%

="1% ,1*#-% /1234#)'&$5% G&)/% &,-1% ,(*#-% 1)% '"#% 0$#4(-#-H:% I)/(#%

N1$E-"10%&)/%'"#%2,1-#,5%&9>,(&'#/%]&)J()8%C(,4%C#-'(*&,r%G="(2"%(-%

&,-1%-3001$'#/%+5%&%$(2"%+3-()#--4&)H%"&*#%&%9&$%41$#%#;0&)-(*#%

&)/% #2,#2'(2% 21)2#0'(1)% 19%/1234#)'&$5% '"&)E-% '1% '"#% ,#&/#$-"(0%

19%m"&)8%d(&)4()87%&%>,44&E#$7%&2'1$%&)/%V#(J()8%C(,4%A2&/#45%

0$19#--1$:

I+#$(&F-%I)&383$&,%e;"(+('(1)%$&)%91$%'"$##%=##E-%&)/%0$1J#2'#/%

1*#$%YT%>,4-%()%'"#($%)#=%'"#&'$#:%N"(,#%'"(-%'#-'(>#-%'1%'"#%*(+$&)25%


10/12

129


19%21)'#401$&$5%/1234#)'&$57%('%&,-1%-(8)&,-%('-%()-'('3'(1)&,(-&'(1)%

&)/%'"#%91$4&'(1)%19%&%2&)1):%I)/##/7%'"#%1'"#$%-(8)(>2&)'%&2'(*('5%-0#&$"#&/#/% +5% m"&)8% P&;3&)% (-% '"#% =#,214#% #-'&+,(-"4#)'%

19%&% /1234#)'&$5% >,4% &$2"(*#% &'% I+#$(&:% I)%1'"#$%=1$/-7% ."()#-#%

()/#0#)/#)'%/1234#)'&$5%"&-%4&'3$#/%'1%'"#%01()'%19%/#4&)/()8%

&)%&$2"(*#:%I'%(-%)1=%)1'%-(40,5%_21)'#401$&$5F7%+3'%&,-1%_"(-'1$(2&,F:

I)'#$#-'()8,5%#)138"7%P3)9#-'F-%2&'&,183#%9#&'3$#/%&%-(8)(>2&)'%

#;2"&)8#% ()% #--&5-% +5%m"&)8% d(&)4()8% &)/% m"&)8%P&;3&)% G)1%

$#,&'(1)H:%!"#%91$4#$7%-14#'"()8%19%&%'$(2E-'#$7%=$1'#7%_P3)9#-'%"&-%

1),5%+##)%81()8%1)%91$%&%9#=%5#&$-%&)/%0#10,#%&$#%&,$#&/5%2&,,()8%

('%&%4##'()8%19%4(//,#@&8#/%0#10,#% '1%#;2"&)8#%'"#($%>,4-%&+13'%

1,/%0#10,#F:%!1%'"(-%m"&)8%P&;3&)%(--3#/%&%$#01-'6%_!"(-%'"#4#%(-%

&% $#-01)-#% '1% m"&)8%d(&)4()8F-% &--#$'(1)% '"&'% ()/#0#)/#)'% >,4%

(-% /#-'()#/% '1% /(#% j:::k%M5% +#,(#9% (-% '"&'% =#% &$#%=&'2"()8%."()#-#%

/1234#)'&$5%>,4%91$4%('-%1=)%'$&/('(1):%,44&E#$-7% ('% 21)/#4)#/% '"#% ]#=%

P1$E%/(-'$(+3'1$%n##,%."()&:%!"(-% (-%#--#)'(&,,5% '"#%21)2#$'#/% &)/%

=#,,@4#&)()8% =1$E% 19% &% ]#=% P1$E% 9&)% 19% ."()#-#% ()/#0#)/#)'%

/1234#)'&$5%G=('"%'"#%21,,&+1$&'(1)%19%]1$'"%A4#$(2&)%&2&/#4(2-H:%

!"#%()'#$)&'(1)&,% #;01-3$#%'"#5% 9&2(,('&'#/%&2$1--%]1$'"%A4#$(2&)%

3)(*#$-('(#-% #,#2'$(>#/% &3/(#)2#-% &)/% -0&$E#/% &% /##0% ()'#$#-'% '1%


11/12

130


,#&$)%41$#%G('%-##4-%#*#$5%41/#$)%."()#-#%K'3/(#-%-2"1,&$%"&-%&)%

#--&57%/(--#$'&'(1)%1$%+11E%()%'"#%0(0#,()#H:I$1)(2&,,57%n##,%."()&%-1%/##0,5%(/#)'(>#/%=('"%'"#%41*#4#)'F-%

$&4+3)2'(13-% &)5'"()8@81#-% &''('3/#% '"&'% '"#5% &00&$#)',5%

&22140,(-"#/%'"#($%811/%=1$E%=('"13'%+1'"#$()8%'1%2,#&$%$(8"'-:%I)%

4&)5%2&-#-7%'"#5%#*#)%9&(,#/%'1%()91$4%>,44&E#$-%'"&'%'"#($%=1$E%

=&-%+#()8%/(-'$(+3'#/!"#%-(8)#$-%19%'"#%0$1'#-'%=#$#%)1'%2&,,()8%91$%

+&2E%0&54#)'-%1$%/#2,&$()8% '"#($% ()'#)'(1)% '1%-3#:%[1=#*#$7% '"#5%

=#$#%/#4&)/()8%21)'$&2'3&,%$#,&'(1)-"(0-7%"()'()8%&'%&%-#&%2"&)8#%

&+13'%'1%'&E#%0,&2#:%n##,%."()&%=&-%10#$&'()8%()%'"#%-&4#%$#)#8&/#%

-'5,#%&-%'"#%/($#2'1$%19%)&*"+$,"-.*/+:%I'%(-%'"(-%9$##="##,()87%)1@

"1,/-@+&$$#/% &00$1&2"% '1% /1234#)'&$5% L% &)/% '1% >,4% 9#-'(*&,%

0$18$&44()8%&)/%*(#=()8%L%'"&'%"&-%4&/#%21)'#401$&$5%."()#-#%

/1234#)'&$5%-1%3''#$,5% 9&-2()&'()8:%V3'% '"#% >,44&E#$-% &$#% )#=,5%

0$19#--(1)&,(-()8:% !"#5% &$#% ()('(&'()8% 91$#(8)% >)&)2()8% /#&,-% &)/%

"10#%/#&$,5%91$%91$#(8)%/(-'$(+3'(1)7%1$%+#''#$%5#'%+$1&/2&-':%!"#5%&$#%

8#''()8%1,/#$7%8#''()8%4&$$(#/7%&)/%"&*()8%2"(,/$#):%I)214#%(-%41$#%

19%&%0$(1$('5:%A'%'"#%-&4#%'(4#7%'"#%>,4-%&$#%-=(9',5%+#214()8%41$#%

01,(-"#/7% $&(-()8% '"#% +&$% &)/% "()'()8%&'%&)% (40#)/()8% #)/% '1% '"(-%

&/%"127%/1@('@513$-#,9%#'"1-:%A)/%="#)%'"#%81*#$)4#)'F-%9$##%?1)#%

+#214#-%19>2(&,7%&-%('%41-'%2#$'&(),5%=(,,7%&%91$4&,%/(-'$(+3'(1)%)#'=1$E%

=(,,%$#,(#*#%'"#%$(2"%&$'(-'-%&)/%+3-()#--4#)%19%'"#%$#-01)-(+(,('5%19%

21))#2'()8%>,44&E#$-%'1%&3/(#)2#-:

[&*()8%'($#/%19%'"#($%21)-#$*&'(*#%/#*1'(1)%'1%/($#2'%2()#4&7%)1'%

'1%4#)'(1)%$138"-"1/%2&4#$&=1$E%&)/%-13)/%91$%1'"#$=(-#%&4&?()8%

>,4-7%I%,11E%91$=&$/%'1%-14#'"()8%)#=:%]&'3$&,,57%'"(-%(44()#)'%#)/%

=(,,%)1'%+#%&%/#&'"7%+3'%$&'"#$%&%=1)/$13-%'$&)-91$4&'(1):

D%;')

%R%% A+ %M&$E%]1$)#-%GXTTSH%_V3,,/1?#$-7%V(+,#-7%&)/%Z#$5%K"&$0%c)(*#-6%!"#%

."()#-#%I)/#0#)/#)'%Q1234#)'&$5%K2#)#F7%8#93$1("-+*-9;7%Z1,:%so7%]1:%


12/12

131


R7%pT@pp:%t%XTTS7%!"#%n#8#)'-%19% '"#%\)(*#$-('5%19%.&,(91$)(&:%\-#/%+5%

0#$4(--(1):%A,,%$(8"'-%$#-#$*#/:

X%% !"#%."()&%Q1234#)'&$5%C(,4%C#-'(*&,%()%K1)8?"3&)8%/1#-%)1'%"&*#%&)%19>2(&,%=#+-('#:

o%% ]#('"#$%9#-'(*&,%"&-%&)%19>2(&,%=#+-('#:r%% !"#%9#-'(*&,%/1#-%)1'%"&*#%&)%19>2(&,%=#+-('#:

Documents

China.bulldozers: The Chinese independent film scene documentary