China: Water Management

and Accounting Project

May 22-24, 2006

Hague

Contents

Part 1. Water management status in China

Part 2. Cooperation project related to

SEEAW (as planed)

Part 3. Integrated water management based

on water accounts (as planed)

Part 1.

Water Management Status in China

A. Water related problems

B. Water policy and practice

A. Water related problems

a) uneven distribution of water resources

b) water shortage aggravates

c) serious flood damage

d) serious water pollution

e) problems related to water ecology and environment

uneven distribution in space

North:water resources 19%

population 47%

cultivated land 64%

GDP 45%

South:water resources 81%

population 53%

cultivated land 35%

GDP 55%

a) Water resources uneven distribution

Average rainfall in the south 800-2000mm

Average rainfall in the north50-800mm

2200 1760

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

worl daverage

per capi tai n Chi na at

present

per capi tai n Chi na i n

2030

28%

Unit ：m3

7800

b) water shortage, conflict between water b) water shortage, conflict between water demand and supply worsendemand and supply worsen

alarming level

c) flood control capacity is fairly low, flood c) flood control capacity is fairly low, flood

damage is seriousdamage is serious

- high flood risk- high flood risk

- severe burden on flood control- severe burden on flood control

- serious damage - serious damage

- national average losses since 1990 was - national average losses since 1990 was 110 bill110 bill

ionion yuan yuan

d) serious water pollution intensifies water d) serious water pollution intensifies water

shortageshortage

● ● construction of wastewater treatment infrastrconstruction of wastewater treatment infrastr

ucture is lagging behinducture is lagging behind

●● pricing mechanism of urban and industrial wapricing mechanism of urban and industrial wa

stewater treatment is far from perfectstewater treatment is far from perfect 　　●● grave water pollution problem.grave water pollution problem.

B. Water policy and practice

In recent years, guided by the concept of sustainable water management, China has established series of water policies and achieved new progress.

a) Drinking water safety is prioritya) Drinking water safety is priority - More than- More than 20 billion 20 billion Yuan has been invested in past 5 Yuan has been invested in past 5 yearsyears- 60 million- 60 million rural population gain access to drinking rural population gain access to drinking waterwater- Provide drinking water to another - Provide drinking water to another 100 million100 million rural rural residents by 2010residents by 2010

Population with access to drinking water (million)

0

5

10

15

20

25

2000 2001 2002 20030

0. 5

1

1. 5

2

2. 5

3

3. 5

2000 2001 2002 2003

Investment (billion yuan)

0.6

3.4

1.7

2.8

3.86

20.46

9.77

16.37

b) Develop a water saving societyb) Develop a water saving society promote reform on water management systempromote reform on water management system complete water quantity allocation for major rivers & complete water quantity allocation for major rivers &

lakes by 2010lakes by 2010 enact water-abstract permission systemenact water-abstract permission system encourage water user participationencourage water user participation promote technology upgrading & products applicationpromote technology upgrading & products application

Water supply project

c) accelerate construction of flood-control c) accelerate construction of flood-control and disaster-mitigation system to ensure and disaster-mitigation system to ensure flood control securityflood control security - make room for flood

- combine structural measures with non-structural measures

- invested into comprehensive flood control system

2900km2 water surface restored reclaimed farmland retreated to lake

d) emphasize food security and improve d) emphasize food security and improve supporting and protecting systems for supporting and protecting systems for agricultureagriculture- save agricultural water- save agricultural water- secure agricultural water use- secure agricultural water use- realize zero-increase of total water use- realize zero-increase of total water use

e) Accelerate construction of water e) Accelerate construction of water allocation projects to enhance regulation on allocation projects to enhance regulation on temporal and spatial distribution of water temporal and spatial distribution of water

plan and build south-to-north plan and build south-to-north

water diversion projectwater diversion project

√construct √construct regional water regional water

allocation projectsallocation projects

√ √ increase of water supply increase of water supply

√relieve ecological deterioration√relieve ecological deterioration

f) strengthen water pollution prevention to f) strengthen water pollution prevention to restrain further deterioration of water restrain further deterioration of water environmentenvironment

- About 15,000 enterprises were closed due to high water - About 15,000 enterprises were closed due to high water

consumption and pollution discharge consumption and pollution discharge

- Formulating water functioning zone management system- Formulating water functioning zone management system

water quality of functioning zone water quality of functioning zone in major water bodyin major water body

quality of water sources for urban quality of water sources for urban water supplywater supply 9595 ％％

above 60above 60 ％％urban wastewater treatment rateurban wastewater treatment rate

above 65above 65 ％％

by 2010by 2010

h) Improve Water management system h) Improve Water management system and mechanismand mechanism

establishment and implementation of corresponding

regulations, policies and technical standards

establishment of water management system based on

river basin management & administrative district

management

promotion of urban and rural integrated water

management

encourage private capital in water market construction

and operation.

establishment and implementation of corresponding

regulations, policies and technical standards

establishment of water management system based on

river basin management & administrative district

management

promotion of urban and rural integrated water

management

encourage private capital in water market construction

and operation.

A. Cooperation formB. Accounting contentsC. Working stages

Part 2. Part 2. Cooperation project related to Cooperation project related to

SEEAW (as planed)SEEAW (as planed)

A. Cooperation form

Collaborator: MWR: Data sourceNBS: National Accounting Background

Supporter: UNSD: Implementation of SEEAW

B. Accounting contents

Physical accounts Flow: SUT, emission accounts Stock: asset accounts, quality accounts

Monetary accounts Protect expenditure

C. Working stages

a. Staff trainingb. Data collection (statistics and

surveys)c. River basin triald. Implementation at national level

Part 3.Integrated water management based

on water accounts (as planed)

A. IndicatorsB. Implementation

A. Indicators Selection

a. Proportion of people with safe drinking water

b. Water allocation by sectorsc. Water use efficiency d. Investment of infrastructure e. Pricing/cost recoveryf. Water quality

B. Implementation

a. Water resources planning for IWRMb. Promotion of water-saving c. Promotion of water-environment

protection d. Collaboration among agenciese. Establishment of adaptable and

standard methodology facing China’s water and economic situation

Thank you