China Por Sectores

7/27/2019 China Por Sectores

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1. Sectores

1.a Agricultura

China is the world's largest producer of rice and is among the principal sources of wheat,corn (maize), tobacco, soybeans, potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, oilseed,pork, and fish. Major non-food crops, including cotton, other fibers, and oilseeds

1.b Energy and mineral resources

Since 1980, China's energy production has grown dramatically, as has the proportionallocated to domestic consumption.China, due in large part to environmental concerns, has wanted to shift China's currentenergy mix from a heavy reliance on coal, which accounts for 7075% of China's energy,toward greater reliance on oil, natural gas, renewable energy, and nuclear power.

Mining

The major areas of production in 2004 were coal (nearly 2 billion tons), iron ore (310million tons), crude petroleum (175 million tons), natural gas (41 million cubic meters),

antimony ore (110,000 tons), tin concentrates (110,000 tons), nickel ore (64,000 tons),tungsten concentrates (67,000 tons), unrefined salt (37 million tons), vanadium (40,000tons), and molybdenum ore (29,000 tons).

CoalChina is well endowed with mineral resources, the most important of which is coal.China's mineral resources include large reserves of coal and iron ore, plus adequate toabundant supplies of nearly all other industrial minerals.


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Oil and natural gas

Metals and nonmetals

1.c Industry and manufacturingMajor industries include mining and ore processing; iron and steel; aluminium; coal;machinery; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemical; fertilizers; foodprocessing; automobiles and other transportation equipment including rail cars andlocomotives, ships, and aircraft; consumer products including footwear, toys, andelectronics; telecommunications and information technology.

1.d Servicios

The output of China's services in 2010 ranks third worldwideafter the US and Japanand high power and telecom density has ensured that the country has remained on a high-

growth trajectory over the long-term. In 2010 the services sector produced 43% of China'sannual GDP, second only to manufacturing. However, its proportion of GDP is still lowcompared with the ratio in more developed countries.

Telecommunications

China possesses a diversified communications system that links all parts of the country byInternet, telephone, telegraph, radio, and television.China's number of Internet users or netizens topped 137 million by the end of 2006,[136]an increase of 23.4% from a year before and 162 million by June 2007, making China thesecond largest Internet user after the United States, according to China's Ministry ofInformation Industry (MII).

2. Industrias que antes lideraba EEUU y ahora lidera China

Americans are used to the U.S. being the leader, or a top-ranked nation, in many areas.But in a number of industries and businesses, the U.S. has lost that first place, usually toChina. While some, such as coal production, may not come as a surprise, other industriesthe U.S. has lost the market leadership might.

One reason that China continues to gain so rapidly on the U.S. is the high cost ofAmerican labor and manufacturing. In fact, U.S. manufacturing costs have risen so much

that they are much higher than in any developed nation with factory capacity. This includescountries like China, Mexico and South Korea places the U.S. and Japanesecompanies often contract to do their factory work. The labor price advantage has helpedChina become the largest steel producer in the world. China is also first place in carmanufacturing.

Low labor costs are not the sole reason China has become the single largest provider ofmany goods. Chinas 1.3 billion citizens have become voracious consumers as workers inits manufacturing sector have grown the number of its middle class. China also has


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decided that it is often financially better to provide its own raw material for its factoriesitems like cotton than it is to import such items from overseas.

2.a Steel

China production: 627 million metric tons in 2010U.S. production: 80 million metric tons in 2010U.S. position: 3rd

In 1973, the U.S. was the largest producer of steel, making more than 136 million metrictons of crude steel, according to the International Iron and Steel Institute. Up to that point,the U.S. had enjoyed many decades of industry dominance, centered around the city ofPittsburgh. The following year, U.S. production was overtaken by the USSR, whichproduced 136.2 million metric tons, compared with the U.S.s 132.2 million. Today,however, completely different players dominate the steel market. In 2010, the worlds topproducer of crude steel was China, which produced approximately 627 million metric tons.Japan was a distant second-largest producer with nearly 110 million metric tons. The U.S.

was third, producing approximately 80 million.

2.b Coal Production

China production: 3.24 billion short tons produced in 2010U.S. production: 985 million tons produced in 2010U.S. position: 2nd

America led the world in coal production up until 1984, and it is now a distant second toChina. According to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy, the U.S. produced justunder 1 billion tons of coal in 2010. China produced more than three times that amount,generating 3.2 billion short tons. There has been exponential growth in the Chinese energy

infrastructure in the past decade. Since 2005, American coal production has decreasedslightly, while Chinese production has increased by nearly 38 percent. Despite the U.S.sdecline in coal production, it is still the worlds second-largest producer, and combined, thetwo countries account for more than half of the worlds total coal production.

2.c Autos

China production: 18.3 million autos in 2010U.S. production: 7.8 million autos in 2010U.S. position: 3rd

Automotive manufacturing is considered one of the U.S.s most critical industries. But in

recent years, other countries have surpassed the U.S., which is now the third-largestproducer of autos in the world, according to the International Organization of Motor VehicleManufacturers. The American auto industry nearly collapsed in 2008, requiring massivefederal support for General Motors and Chrysler. By 2010, the U.S. manufactured 7.8million cars and commercial vehicles. Japan, which is headquarters to major brands suchas Toyota, Honda, Nissan, and Mazda, produced 9.6 million vehicles the second most although damage caused by the earthquake has hurt production in the country. China isthe worlds largest carmaker, producing 18.3 million in 2010.


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2.d Cotton

China production: 7.3 million metric tons in 2011U.S. production: 3.4 million metric tons in 2011U.S. position: 3rd

In 2000, the U.S. produced 4.2 million metric tons of cotton the largest amount in theworld. China was not far behind, producing 3.81 million metric tons. By 2008, however,China had not only surpassed the U.S., but made nearly double the U.S.s productionamount. China produced approximately 8.1 million metric tons to the U.S.s 4.2 million. Ayear earlier, the U.S. lost its second spot among top cotton producers to India, thanks inpart to technological breakthroughs in seed and production practices. Between 2011 and2012, China produced 7.3 million metric tons, India produced 6 million and the U.S. wasthird, producing 3.4 million.

2.e High-Technology Exports

China production: $348 billion in 2009

U.S. production: $142 billion in 2009U.S. position: 2ndHigh-technology exports are defined as products with high R&D intensity, such as inaerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery,according to the World Bank. The U.S. remains home to the largest pharmaceuticalindustry in the world, and the rest of industries mentioned are also huge domestically.

According to the World Bank, China began earning more from high-technology exportsthan the U.S. as recently as 2005. In 2009, Chinese high-technology exports were worth$348 billion. High-technology exports from the U.S. were worth a more modest $142billion.

2.f Tobacco

China production: 3 million metric tons in 2010U.S. production: 0.33 million metric tons in 2010U.S. position: 4thUntil 1976, the U.S. produced the largest share of the worlds tobacco. Today, the U.S.only produces 6 percent of the global output, according to Stephan Richter, editor-in-chiefof The Globalist, in an interview by Marketplace. The most recent data from the Food and

Agriculture Organization of the United Nations places the U.S. as the fourth-largestproducer of tobacco in the world. China is the largest, producing more than 3 million metrictons of the crop in 2010. The U.S. produced slightly more than 326,000 metric tons thatyear. The other larger producers are Brazil and India, in that order.

3. Industrias de alto crecimiento en China

3.a Food and beverageThere are 1.34 billion mouths to feed in China, and that means big opportunity in a countrywhere some local brands have suffered a series of food scares.


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Providing sufficient electricity to the nation is another need, said Bloomberg New EnergyFinance analyst Nathaniel Bullard. European companies Siemens (SI) and SchneiderElectric (SBGSF) have jumped into this area. Others such as GE (GE, Fortune 500),California-based solar company Brightsource and Danish wind turbine maker Vestas(VWDRY) have also entered the China market.

Last year, China spent heavily in the sector as clean energy investment hit a record $67.7billion, up 20% from the previous year, according to BNEF. Dollars are expected tocontinue pouring in.

3.e Health Care

Whether it's private hospitals, prescription drugs or medical devices, China's health caremarket is heating up and receiving key support from the government.

China's current five-year plan -- a roadmap of Beijing's priorities -- singles out this sector

for increased foreign investment and help from the government. Biotechnology R&D aloneis supposed to receive $2 billion in government funding over a five-year period.

Keying off the five-year plan is a way for foreign companies to see how they can work "withChina in the same direction," said David Schlesinger, founder and managing director ofTripod Advisors.

Foreign medical device companies, however, will have to battle the perception that theirproducts are more expensive than local brands, especially as the government aims toprovide affordable care.

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China Por Sectores