Brown China vs. Green China Rice Dominant Wheat Dominant
Pasture and Oasis Double-crop rice
Slide 5
Early Civilizations, Dynasties, and Rulers of China Yu and Xia
Rulers: approx 2000 B.C., however, little exists to confirm their
existence. Thus, little is known about these rulers/dynasties TTYN:
What is ancestor worshiping? Ancestor Worshiping Offering of
respect, food, and wine to their ancestors Invite ancestors to a
family feast, hopefully this would bring the family good luck
Traditions still exists today a primary reason why having children
is so important in China to have someone look after you after you
die, to look after your spirit
Slide 6
Timeline of Chinese Dynasties
Slide 7
Zhou Dynasty The Shang dynasty ended in 1122 B.C. in a
rebellion led by two Zhou warriors. The Zhou claimed a divine right
to rule, calling it the Mandate of Heaven. Chinese argued that the
dynastic cycle reflected heavens judgment of good and bad
governments. Under the Zhou dynasty, China became a feudal state.
Under the Zhou, the first books were made; One them, The Book of
Songs, depicted both farm and royal life in poetry and song. Zhou
Dynasty (1027 BC); pronounced Joe Zhou overthrows the Shang assumes
Mandate of Heaven
Slide 8
Confucianism Review Created a school included all classes
Become Superior Men In other words, aristocracy of noble character
not noble birth One of his many decrees men and women walk on
opposite sides of the street Welfare State?? The state should take
care of the elderly and children Theory of society should be based
upon the people
Slide 9
Confucianism Review Confuciuss goal: to save China His radical
ideas makes him dangerous Evaded several assassination attempts An
oppressive govt is much worse than a man-eating tiger Influenza
Theory of Virtue first you get the rulers than the people will
follow
Slide 10
The First Emperor and the Qin Dynasty Ended feudalism, unified
China using a harsh system called Legalism to impose order.
Standardized weights and measures Produced Qin coins Built roads
One of Shi Huangdis greatest accomplishments was to link existing
feudal walls into the Great Wall.
Slide 11
The First Emperor and the Qin Dynasty
Slide 12
Slide 13
The Dynastic Cycle
Slide 14
Pattern of life of the Chinese Respect Confucius stressed the
importance of family and respect for elders to maintain harmony.
Children respected their elders Women obeyed men Children respected
their mother Extended and Joint Family oldest male was the leader
of the family Filial Piety respect for parents and ancestors; obey
them, take care of them as they age, advise parents, and of course
to love them. Loving ones parents and offering them respect is the
spring from which other forms of filial piety flows. A relationship
with parents must be centered on love and respect. Respect for
Ancestors review ancestor worshiping; part of filial piety The Role
of Women - The Chinese believed that women were inferior to men;
valued for their work and ability to produce children; birth of son
equated to respect
Slide 15
The Mongols and China eliminated one of the most basic of
Chinese institutions the civil service examinations. Societal
hierarchy The Mongols perceived China as just one section of their
vast empire. And they classified the population of their domain in
China into a hierarchy of four groups with the native Chinese at
the bottom. The Mongols, of course, were at the top; then came the
non-Han, mostly Islamic population that was brought to China by the
Mongols to help them rule; third were the northern Chinese; and at
the very bottom of the rung were the southern Chinese.
Slide 16
Ming Dynasty The Ming dynasty was founded in 1368 by the rebel
leader. Ming rulers worked to restore Chinese greatness. They
restored the civil service exam, restored the primacy of
Confucianism, and rooted out corruption. Under the Ming, the
economy once again grew, thanks to improved farming methods and
trade. Ming China fostered a revival of the arts. Ming blue and
white porcelain vases became the most valuable Chinese products
exported to the West. A new form of popular literature, the novel,
emerged. One example, The Water Margin, was about ending
injustice.
Slide 17
Slide 18
Slide 19
Growth of Opium Trade Europeans bought silk, tea, porcelain,
and spices from China Chinese would only trade goods for silver
Drain on European finances Opium manufactured in China since 15 th
century for medical purposes Opium then mixed with tobacco so it
could be smoked Dutch were first to begin trade of opium English
soon followed Chinese government banned smoking and trade of opium
in 1729 due to health and social issues
Slide 20
First Opium War 1834 1843 Had superior military force attacked
coastal cities, defeated Qing forces easily British took Canton and
sailed up the Yangtze River Took Tax Barges, cut revenue of
imperial court of Beijing 1842 Qing sued for peace Ended with
Treaty of Nanjing Treaty of Nanjing Referred to as the Unequal
Treaties accepted 1843 China Ceded Hong Kong to the British Opened
ports to British Canton, Amoy, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai
Slide 21
China was to pay an indemnity to Britain and France in 2
million taels of silver respectively, and compensation to British
merchants in 2 million taels of silver. The Chinese are to be
banned from referring to Westerners by the character "yi"
(barbarian). Legalized the import of Opium Treaty of Tientsin
Slide 22
Unrest and Revolution: Taiping Rebellion The Taiping Rebellion
was the climax of a half-century of widespread social upheaval that
blanketed every part of the Ch'ing Empire at a time when dynastic
strength was on the decline The local feuds in Kwangsi were the
seedbed for the uprising of the Taipings. The Taiping Rebellion
added new dimension to this general picture because the rebellion
challenged not only the Manchu Dynasty but the Confucian social
order as well. The Taiping rebels were using an imported and
heterodox brand of Christianity to reinforce their cohesion and
morale, hence their connection with foreign influence was also
important in our consideration.
Slide 23
Causes of Rebellions Causes vary and are often difficult to pin
down Two important ideas supported rebellions Guanbi minfan,
rebellion in response to officials suppression Change of the
mandate of Heaven Normally Han people rebelled because of the
following reasons Economic distress Destruction of traditional
forms of handicraft employment by the competition of foreign
manufactures?