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Child Marriage
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys- MICS3Analysis and Report Writing Workshop
Panama City, July 12-20, 2006
Indicators
1. Marriage before age 15 and age 18
2. Young women aged 15-19 years currently married or in union
3. Spousal age difference
4. Polygyny
Goals World Fit for Children (WFFC)Protecting children against abuse, exploitation and violence and under general protection to• End harmful traditional or customary practices, such as early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation, which violates the rights of children and women
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)The MD declaration calls for the protection of children against abuse, exploitation and violence but no goal, target or indicator is included
Why to measure child marriage?
Reasons:
• Identify the magnitude of the problem as well as its characteristics• Evaluate impact of programs and interventions based on trends
Which is the approach in MICS3?
• Estimation of indicators based on household survey • Present obtained results by background variables • Promote the design and implementation of further analysis of the main determinants of this practice
MARRIAGE/UNION MODULE MA MA1. ARE YOU CURRENTLY MARRIED OR LIVING
TOGETHER WITH A MAN AS IF MARRIED? Yes, currently married................................. 1 Yes, living with a man ................................. 2 No, not in union........................................... 3
3MA3
MA2. HOW OLD WAS YOUR HUSBAND/PARTNER ON
HIS LAST BIRTHDAY?
Age in years ......................................... __ __ DK ............................................................. 98
MA5 98MA5
MA3. HAVE YOU EVER BEEN MARRIED OR LIVED
TOGETHER WITH A MAN? Yes, formerly married ................................. 1 Yes, formerly lived with a man.................... 2 No ............................................................... 3
3NEXT
MODULE MA4. WHAT IS YOUR MARITAL STATUS NOW: ARE
YOU WIDOWED, DIVORCED OR SEPARATED? Widowed ..................................................... 1 Divorced...................................................... 2 Separated ................................................... 3
MA5. HAVE YOU BEEN MARRIED OR LIVED WITH A
MAN ONLY ONCE OR MORE THAN ONCE?
Only once.................................................... 1 More than once........................................... 2
MA6. IN WHAT MONTH AND YEAR DID YOU FIRST
MARRY OR START LIVING WITH A MAN AS IF
MARRIED?
Month ................................................... __ __ DK month .................................................. 98 Year ........................................... __ __ __ __ DK year ................................................. 9998
MA7. Check MA6: Both month and year of marriage/union known? Go to Next Module Either month or year of marriage/union not known? Continue with MA8 MA8. HOW OLD WERE YOU WHEN YOU STARTED
LIVING WITH YOUR FIRST HUSBAND/PARTNER? Age in years ......................................... __ __
Which countries included the child marraige module in MICS3?
• 5 out of 7• Dominican Republic, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago• Belize or Cuba did not• Mongolia?
Marriage before age 15 and
age 18
Numerator:
Number of women that were first married or in union by the exact age of 15 and the exact age of 18 by age groups
Denominator:
Total number of women aged 15-49 years and 20-49 years surveyed, by age groups
Proportion of women 20-24 married/in union by age 18 in LAC countries. 1986-2004
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Peru
Colom
bia Haiti
Brazil
Parag
uay
Bolivia
Ecuad
or
El Salv
ador
Mex
ico
Guate
mala
Trinida
d an
d Tob
ago
Domini
can
Repub
lic
Nicara
gua
Per
cen
t
Young women aged 15-19 years currently married or in union
Numerator:
Number of women aged 15-19 years currently married or in union
Denominator:
Total number of women aged 15-19 years surveyed
Proportion of women 15-19 married or in union in LAC countries. DHS, 1996-2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peru Bolivia Colombia Brazil Haiti Nicaragua DominicanRepublic
Guatemala
Per
cen
t
SPSS Program
• Generates basic table: CP.5• Generates
– percentages of women 15-49 years of age married or in first union before their 15th birthday
– percentages of women 20-49 years of age married or in first union before their 18th birthday
– The percentage of women 15-19 years that were married or in union at the moment of the survey
Table CP.5: Early marriage and polygynyPercentage of women aged 15-49 in marriage or union before their 15th birthday, percentage of women aged 20-49 in marriage or union before their 18th birthday,percentage of women aged 15-19 currently married or in union, and the percentage of married or in union women in a polygynous marriage or union, Country, Year
.6 875 14.8 692 4.7 183 . 512
.7 3479 15.8 2622 5.5 857 . 2047
.9 3250 12.8 2546 7.6 704 . 2168
.9 2342 16.6 1708 7.1 634 . 1364
.5 297 7.7 231 1.0 66 . 154
.8 2891 13.5 2252 6.7 639 . 1726
.8 7352 15.1 5546 6.2 1806 . 4519
.0 2445 . 0 6.4 2445 . 155
1.0 1981 12.7 1981 . 0 . 1052
2.1 1428 23.3 1428 . 0 . 1146
.7 1270 16.2 1270 . 0 . 1128
.8 1192 10.6 1192 . 0 . 1073
.7 1137 12.0 1137 . 0 . 1010
.6 790 11.5 790 . 0 . 680
.0 159 13.1 85 9.5 75 . 64
2.5 291 27.7 140 9.4 151 . 103
.8 9791 14.4 7572 6.0 2219 . 6076
.0 2 .0 2 . 0 . 2
.9 1900 17.0 1405 4.7 496 . 1179
.8 1978 13.4 1482 4.7 496 . 1174
.8 2070 14.0 1591 5.3 479 . 1260
.9 2127 14.8 1611 10.7 516 . 1318
.5 2168 14.3 1710 6.1 458 . 1315
.9 7471 16.1 5610 6.6 1861 . 4488
.5 2441 11.3 1920 6.2 521 . 1595
.5 90 8.1 81 5.0 9 . 42
.8 31 13.1 23 3.0 8 . 17
1.6 197 8.1 160 .0 37 . 100
.0 13 .0 3 .0 9 . 3
.8 10243 14.7 7798 6.4 2445 . 6245
Dushanbe
Khatlon
Sogd
RRS
GBAO
Region
Urban
Rural
Residence
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
Age
None
Primary
Secondary +
Non-standard curriculum
Woman'seducation
Poorest
Second
Middle
Fourth
Richest
Wealthindexquintiles
Tajik
Uzbek
Russian
Kirgiz
Other
Missing
Mothertongue ofhead
Total
Percentagemarried
before age15 *
Number ofwomen aged15-49 years
Percentagemarried
before age18 *
Number ofwomen aged20-49 years
Percentageof women
15-19 yearsmarried/inunion **
Number of women aged15-19 years
Percentage ofwomen aged
15-49 years inpolygynous
marriage/union ***
Number ofwomen
aged 15-49currently
married/inunion
* MICS Indicator 67** MICS Indicator 68*** MICS Indicator 70
Spousal age difference
Numerator:
Number of women married/in union aged 15-19 years and 20-24 years with a difference in age of 10 or more years between them and their current spouse
Denominator:
Total number of women aged 15-19 and 20-24 years surveyed that are currently married or in union
SPSS Program
• Generates basic table: CP 6• Generates
– Percentage of women 15-19 years of age currently married/in union by groups of age difference with their current spouse
– Percentage of women 20-24 years of age currently married/in union by groups of age difference with their current spouse
Table CP.6: Spousal age differencePercent distribution of currently married/in union women aged 15-19 and 20-24 according to the age difference with their husband or partner, Country, Year
.0 23.6 70.6 5.8 .0 100.0 9 .6 38.4 50.3 10.3 .5 100.0 61
.0 40.5 56.3 3.2 .0 100.0 47 1.3 51.4 40.0 5.9 1.4 100.0 364
2.4 73.5 19.0 5.1 .0 100.0 53 2.7 66.8 26.6 3.6 .3 100.0 393
.0 34.7 52.8 7.8 4.7 100.0 45 .6 51.8 42.5 5.2 .0 100.0 222
.0 24.8 75.2 .0 .0 100.0 1 1.4 48.5 42.0 8.1 .0 100.0 12
3.0 41.5 49.3 1.2 5.0 100.0 43 .9 49.7 39.1 10.3 .1 100.0 260
.0 52.1 41.0 6.9 .0 100.0 113 1.8 58.7 35.1 3.5 .8 100.0 793
.8 49.2 43.3 5.3 1.4 100.0 155 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 0
.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 0 1.6 56.5 36.1 5.2 .6 100.0 1052
18.2 68.3 .0 13.5 .0 100.0 7 .0 39.5 34.2 26.3 .0 100.0 13
.0 21.5 60.4 18.1 .0 100.0 14 .0 45.4 50.3 4.3 .0 100.0 35
.0 51.1 43.8 3.5 1.6 100.0 134 1.7 57.0 35.7 4.9 .7 100.0 1002
.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 2
.0 51.7 48.3 .0 .0 100.0 23 1.3 61.2 32.9 3.0 1.6 100.0 216
5.5 62.1 11.0 21.4 .0 100.0 24 1.0 57.7 35.9 4.5 .9 100.0 159
.0 56.3 24.6 10.7 8.4 100.0 25 2.4 56.3 35.9 4.8 .7 100.0 231
.0 44.4 55.6 .0 .0 100.0 55 2.0 59.2 34.4 4.4 .0 100.0 254
.0 39.3 58.9 1.8 .0 100.0 28 1.0 46.7 42.5 9.6 .1 100.0 192
1.1 49.0 43.6 4.5 1.7 100.0 123 1.8 53.1 39.4 5.1 .6 100.0 748
.0 49.3 42.2 8.4 .0 100.0 32 1.1 66.0 28.1 4.1 .7 100.0 286
.0 100.0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 0 .0 2.8 48.2 49.0 .0 100.0 4
.0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 100.0 0 .0 67.5 27.0 5.5 .0 100.0 4
.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 0 1.6 54.4 20.0 24.0 .0 100.0 10
.8 49.2 43.3 5.3 1.4 100.0 155 1.6 56.5 36.1 5.2 .6 100.0 1052
Dushanbe
Khatlon
Sogd
RRS
GBAO
Region
Urban
Rural
Residence
15-19
20-24
Age
None
Primary
Secondary +
Non-standard curriculum
Woman'seducation
Poorest
Second
Middle
Fourth
Richest
Wealthindexquintiles
Tajik
Uzbek
Russian
Kirgiz
Other
Mothertongue ofhead
Total
Younger0-4 years
older5-9 years
older10+ years
older *
Husband/partner's age
unknown
Percentage of currently married/in union women aged 15-19whose husband or partner is:
Total
Number ofwomen aged15-19 years
currentlymarried/in
union Younger0-4 years
older5-9 years
older10+ years
older *
Husband/partner's age
unknown
Percentage of currently married/in union women aged 20-24whose husband or partner is:
Total
Number ofwomen aged20-24 years
currentlymarried/in
union
* MICS Indicator 69
Table CP.5: Early marriage and polygyny
Percentage married
before age 15*
Number of women 15-49 years of age
Percentage married
before age 18*
Number of women 20-49 years of age
Percentage of women 15-19
married/in union**
Number of women 15-19 years of age
Percentage in polygynous marriage/ union***
Number of women
married/in union
Region
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
Residence
Urban
Rural
Age
15-19 na na
20-24 na na
25-29 na na
30-34 na na
35-39 na na
40-44 na na
45-49 na na
Education
None
Primary
Secondary +
Wealth Index Quintiles
Poorest
Second
Middle
Fourth
Richest
Ethnicity/Language/Religion
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Total
Percentage of women 15-49 years of age in marriage or union before their 15th birthday, percentage of women 20-49 years of age in marriage or union before their 18th birthday, percentage of women 15-19 years of age currently married or in union, and the percentage of married or in union women in a polygynous marriage or union, Country, Year
Methodological issues
• Best to report on marriage/union before age 18 only among women 20-24, 25-29, etc.
• Trends in the proportion of marriage/union before age 15 can be obtained by comparing age cohorts 15-19, 20-24, 25-29, etc
• Spousal age differences are produced using the age of the current husband
Thank you!