Child Growth and DevelopmentAuthors: Diane E. Papalia,

Ruth Duskin Feldman

� If you are EMPLOYED working with children in a LICENSED preschool, child care, or family child care program, you are eligible for reimbursement for your courses and for the book loan program.

� In order to participate, fill out the required two sided form, have your supervisor sign the form, and return it by the October 1st to the FCS office. Additionally an online confidential survey must be completed. Instructions are on the FCS website, which is: http://FCS.sites.mjc.edu/

Child Development 103� Instructor: Jeanette Fanconi, M.A.

� Cell phone: 678-6889

� Email: jaj0529@aol.com

� Book needed: “A Child’s World: Infancy through Adolescence” the 12th edition.

�Directions: Complete this thought ….Child Development is?

“A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step.”~Lao Tzu: Chinese Philosopher

What will happen today?� Roll

� Icebreaker Activities

� Read and go through the syllabus

� Introduction of the Instructor

� Mini Lecture on: Child Development and it’s history.

� In class activities

Services and ProgramsTo Promote Student Success

�http://www.mjc.edu/general/president/Accreditation/recommendation1/studentservicesprogramsandservicesbinder2.pdf

� Child development� Scientific study of change and stability from

conception through adolescence

� Stability� Consistent behaviors or characteristics that

persist across time and situations.

� John Locke: English philosopher, forerunner of behaviorism, 1600’s� Saw infant as “blank slate”

� Jean-Jacques Rousseau: French philosopher, 1700’s� Saw infant as “innately good”

� Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1800’s� Originated idea of evolution� Species develop through natural selection, survival of

the fittest, adaptation to the environment

� G. Stanley Hall, late 1800’s� Father of child study, first to write about adolescence

� Alfred Binet, French psychologist, late 1800’s� First intelligence test

� John Dewey, American philosopher, 1900’s� First to study children in their social

environment

� James Mark Baldwin, American psychologist, 1900’s� Established journals and university

psychology departments, interaction of nature and nurture

� Maria Montessori, Italian physician, 1900’s� Early childhood education � Based on self-chosen activities � In carefully prepared environment� Tasks go simple to complex

Maria Montessori

� John B. Watson, American psychologist, 1900’s� Father of behaviorism

� Humans are trainable

� Arnold Gesell, American psychologist, 1900’s� Normative changes

� Interdependence of domains of development

John B. Watson

� Shifts in knowledge reflect progress in understanding

� Reflect changing technology� New, sensitive instruments to measure behaviors such as

eye movements

� New tests, brain imaging, MRI

� Basic Research gives us information about specific aspects of development without worrying about how the information can be used in “real-life.”

� Applied Research sets out to apply that basic research in order to help solve problems in a practical way.

1. Domains of Development -

� Physical: Growth of body and brain, sensory capacities, and motor skills

� Cognitive: Mental abilities, such as learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

� Psychosocial: Personality, emotions, and social relationships

All interrelated, all affect each other

2. Periods of development� Social construction: shared idea accepted by society

� Adolescence

� Prenatal—the time from conception to birth� Infancy—the period from birth to 18–24 months� Early childhood—the period that extends from the

end of infancy to about 5–6 years of age� Middle and late childhood—the period that extends

from about 6 to 11 years� Adolescence—the period from about 10–12 years to

about 18–22 years

� Individual differences: Differences among children in characteristics, influences, or developmental outcomes.

� Heredity, Environment, and Maturation.

� Inherited characteristics

�Environmental factors

Contexts of Development

1. Family� Nuclear family

� Two-generational kinship, economic, and household unit

� Two biological parents and their biological, adopted, and/or stepchildren

� Extended family

� Multigenerational kinship network of grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc.

Contexts of Development…Continued

2. Socioeconomic status (SES): Combination of economic and social factors describing an individual family, including income, education, and occupation.

� Risk Factors: Conditions that increase the

likelihood of a negative developmental outcome.

3. Culture and Race/Ethnicity

� Culture: A society’s or group’s total way of life including customs, traditions, laws, knowledge, beliefs, values, language, and physical products.

� Ethnic group: Group united by ancestry, race, religion, language, and or national origins, all of which contribute to a sense of shared identity.

� Race: Once viewed as a biological category; now a social construct.� Ethnic gloss:

August 28,2013� Good Morning! � Please hang on to your “Personal Development”

papers for discussion.

� You will need a scantron this morning.� We will be taking a “Reading Check” over Chapters 1

this morning.

� Quote of the day: Happy are those who dream dreams and are ready to pay the price to make

them come true. ~ Leon J. Suenes

Contexts of Development…Continued

� Normative and Nonnormative Influences� Normative age-graded influences

� Normative history-graded influences� Historical generation

� Cohort

� Nonnormative � Unusual events that have a major impact on individual

lives, e.g. winning the lottery

Contexts of Development…Continued

� Timing of Influences: Critical or Sensitive Periods� Imprinting

� Critical period� Controversial: Sensitive periods may be more useful

� Plasticity

An Emerging Consensus

� All domains of development are interrelated

� Normal development includes a wide range of individual differences within the general processes all children follow as they develop

An Emerging Consensus… Continued

� Children Help Shape Their Own Development and Influence Others’ Responses to Them

� Historical and Cultural Contexts Strongly Influence Development

An Emerging Consensus… Continued

� Early Experience Is Important, but Children Can Be Remarkably Resilient

� Development in Childhood Is Part of Development Throughout the Life Span

� Studying the Life Course: Growing Up in Hard Times� What major cultural event in

your lifetime shaped the lives of families and children?

� Is there a critical period for language acquisition?� Victor, the Wild Boy of Aveyron, 1800

� Found around 12 years of age, possibly abandoned� Itard studied him for 5 years, sensory awareness, socialization,

emotional training, moral and social behavior, language, thought� Never learned to speak� Remained focused on wants and needs

� Genie, 1970� Abusive father, malnourished , no bowel control, two words: her

name and sorry� National Institute of Mental Health researchers� Never learned normal language� Abusive foster homes, regressed into total silence

“Children are human beings to whom respect is due,

superior to us by reason of their innocence and of

the greater possibilities of their future.”

Maria Montessori