Chesapeake Bay Benthic Foraminifera

10

Chesapeake Bay Benthic Foraminifera

By Scott E. Ishman, Alex W. Karlsen, Thomas M. Cronin

Benthic foraminifera are single-celled organisms similar to amoeboid organisms in

cell structure. The foraminifera differ in having granular rhizopodia and elongate filopodia

that emerge from the cell body. Foraminifera are covered with an organic test that varies

from a simple single chamber with an aperture to a complex, multichambered, perforate,

calcitic wall, to an agglomeration of mineral grains embedded in the organic test. Benthic

foraminifera occupy a wide range of marine environments, from brackish estuaries to the

deep ocean basins and occur at all latitudes. Many species have well defined salinity and

temperature preferences making them particularly useful for reconstructing past trends in

ocean water salinity and temperature.

The distribution of modern benthic foraminifera from the Atlantic coastal margin of

the United States and Gulf of Mexico have been studied extensively over the past several

decades (see Buzas and Culver, 1980 and 1981 for comprehensive reviews). Many of the

taxa have widespread distributions, inhabiting marshes, coastal estuaries, bays, lagoons, and

the continental shelf. Comprehensive studies of benthic foraminiferal distributions and

ecology in the Chesapeake Bay and its estuaries include papers by Ellison et al., 1965;

Nichols and Norton, 1969; Ellison, 1972; Buzas, 1974; and Ellison and Nichols, 1976; and

in Gulf Coast Bays by Phleger, 1951, 1954, 1965; Parker et al., 1953; Bandy, 1954;

Phleger and Lankford, 1957; Benda and Puri, 1962; Frerichs, 1969; Lamb, 1972; Otvos,

1978; and Poag, 1981.

Several studies have contributed toward our understanding of the distribution of

modern benthic foraminifera in Chesapeake Bay estuaries. Ellison et al. (1965) and Ellison

and Nichols (1970) clearly illustrated distinct benthic foraminiferal assemblage distributions

11

associated with environmental changes from the marsh to the estuary, into the Bay and

culminating on the Atlantic Shelf. Buzas (1974) described the vertical distribution of living

Ammobaculites from the Rhode River estuary of the Chesapeake Bay. These studies have

contributed greatly to the interpretation of benthic foraminiferal assemblages recovered from

sediment cores to evaluate past changes in salinity, water temperature, and sea level. Ellison

and Nichols (1976) have shown significant environmental changes in the Rappahannock

River Estuary for the past 1500 to 3000 years.

The present study is part of a large study to document the benthic foraminiferal

fauna in the Chesapeake Bay and its estuaries, and to determine temporal changes in the

benthic foraminiferal communities throughout the last few millennia in the sedimentary

record. Following the format used for other microfossil groups, there are two sections given

here. The first consists of five plates of scanning electron photomicrographs illustrating 11

benthic foraminiferal taxa found in the mesohaline parts of the bay (Table 2). The species

illustrated include the most common benthic foraminiferal species now living, or having

lived in the middle regions of Chesapeake Bay over the past millennium. The second part

consists of species census data for benthic foraminifera obtained from the box, piston, and

gravity cores (Table 1).

12

Table 2. Some Benthic Foraminifer species from mid-Chesapeake Bay

Ammobaculites exiguus (Cushman and Bronnimann 1948)

Ammonia tepida (Cushman 1926)

Ammotium salsum (Cushman and Bronnimann 1948)

Buccella frigida (Cushman 1922)

Elphidium clavatum Cushman 1930

Elphidium excavatum (Terquem 1876)

Elphidium selseyense (Heron-Allen and Earland 1911)

Polymorphinidae

Quinqueloculina sp.

Trochammina macrescens (Brady 1870)

Trochammina inflata (Montagu 1808)

Trochammina sp.

13

References

Bandy, O.L., 1954. Distribution of some shallow-water foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico.

United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 254-F: 123-141.

Benda, W.R. and Puri, H.S., 1962. The distribution of foraminifera and ostracoda off the

Gulf Coast of the Cape Romano Area, Florida. Transactions, Gulf Coast

Association of Geological Societies, 12: 303-341.

Buzas, M.A., 1974. Vertical distirbution of Ammobaculites in the Rhode River, Maryland.

Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 4:144-147.

Buzas, M.A. and Culver, S.J., 1980. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera off the

North American Atlantic Coast. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences,

6: 512 p.

Buzas, M.A. and Culver, S.J., 1981. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera in the

Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 8, vols. I and

II: 898 p.

Ellison, R.L., Nichols, M.M., and Hughes, J., 1965. Distribution of Recent foraminifera in

the Rappahannock River Estuary. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Special

Science Report, 47: 1-35.

Ellison, R.L., 1972. Ammobaculites, foraminiferal proprietor of the Chesapeake Bay

estuaries, in Nelson, B.W. (ed.), Environmental framework of coastal plain estuaries:

Geological Society of America, Memoir, 133: 247-262.

Ellison, R.L. and Nichols, M.M., 1970. Estuarine foraminifera from the Rappahannock

River, Virginia. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal

Research, 21: 1-17.

Ellison, R.L. and Nichols, M.M., 1976. Modern and Holocene foraminifera in the

Chesapeake Bay region, in Schafer, C.T. and Pelletier, B.R. (eds.), First

International Symposium on Benthonic Foraminifera of the Continental Margins.

14

Part A - Ecology and Biology: Maritime Sediments, Special Publication, 1: 131-

151.

Frerichs, W.E., 1969. Recent arenaceous foraminifera from the Gulf of Mexico. University

of Kansas Paleontological Contributions. 46: 1-2.

Geslin E., J.P. Debenay and M. Lesourd, 1998. Abnormal wall textures and test

deformation in Ammonia (hyaline Foraminifer). Journal of Foraminiferal Research,

28: 148-156.

Lamb, G.M., 1972. Distribution of Holocene Foraminiferida in Mobile Bay and the effect

of salinity changes. Geological Survey of Alabama, 82: 1-12.

Otvos, E.G., 1978. Calcareous benthic foraminiferal fauna in a very low salinity setting,

Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 8: 262-269.

Nichols, M.M. and Norton, W., 1969. Foraminiferal populations in a coastal plain estuary.

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 6:197-213.

Parker, F.L., Phleger, F.B., and Peirson, 1953. Ecology of foraminifera from San Antonio

Bay and Environs, Southwest Texas. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal

Research, Special Publication, 2: 1-75.

Phleger, F.B., 1951. Ecology of foraminifera, northwest Gulf of Mexico, part 1:

foraminifera distribution. Geological Society of America, Memoir, 46: 1-88.

Phleger, F.B., 1954. Ecology of foraminifera and associated microorganisms from

Mississippi Sound environs. American Association of Petroleum Geologists,

Bulletin, 38: 584-687.

Phleger, F.B., 1965. Patterns of marsh foraminifera, Galveston Bay, Texas. Limnology and

Oceanography, 10: R 169-R184.

15

Phleger, F.B. and Lankford, R.R., 1957. Seasonal occurrences of living benthonic

foraminifera in some Texas bays. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for

Foraminiferal Research, 8: 93-105.

Poag, C.W., 1981. Ecologic atlas of benthic foraminifera of the Gulf of Mexico. Marine

Science International, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 174 p.

16

Plate 1

1) Buccella frigida, umbilical, PTMC 3-P-2 224-226 cm., x 212.

2) Buccella frigida, dorsal, PTMC 3-P-2 224-226 cm., x 242.

3) Trochammina macrescens, umbilical, JP-3 0-10 cm., x 160.

4) Trochammina inflata, dorsal, JP-3 0-10 cm., x 200.

5) Trochammina sp., dorsal, JP-3 0-10 cm., x 180.

4

1 2

3

5

3

5

4

18

Plate 2

1) Ammobaculites sp., side view, PRCK 3-P-2 0-2 cm., x 220.

2) Ammobaculites sp., side view, BUVA 0-2 cm., x 200.

3) Ammobaculites sp., side view, RGPT 8/96 19-20 cm., x 160.

4) Polymorphinid, PTMC-3 Archive 358-360 cm., x 130.

5) Miliammina fusca, side view, JP-3 0-10 cm., x 300

1 2

3

4 5

6

3

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20

Plate 3

1) Elphidium selseyense, umbilical, R-64 0-2 cm., x 220.

2) Elphidium selseyense, large, PTMC 3-P-2A 36-38 cm., x 130.

3) Elphidium clavatum, small, PTMC 3-P-2A 36-38 cm., x 200.

4) Elphidium clavatum, small, PTMC-3 Archive 344-346 cm., x 200.

1 2

3 4

22

Plate 4

1) Ammonia tepida, dorsal, Tangiers-5 0-2 cm., x 160.

2) Ammonia tepida, umbilical, Tangiers-5 0-2 cm., x 200.

3) Ammonia tepida, spiral view, PTXT 2-P-5 286-288 cm., x 260.

4) Ammonia tepida, umbilical view, PTXT 2-P-5 214-216 cm., x 260.

5) Ammonia tepida, umbilical view, RGPT 8/96 7-8 cm., x 130.

6) Ammonia tepida, spiral view, PTXT 2-P-5 10-12 cm., x 130.

1 2

3 4

5 6

24

Plate 5-Deformed Foraminifera

All photographs are of Ammonia

1) Normal test, dorsal view, BRIS 6/97 0-10 cm., x 160.

2) Normal test, umbilical view, BRIS 6/97 0-10 cm., x 180.

3) Abnormal chamber shape, HNPT 7/96 0-10 cm., x 300.

4) Reduced-size chamber, HNPT 7/96 0-10 cm., x 260.

5) Distorted chamber shape or change in coiling direction, PTXT 2-P-5 0-10 cm., x 240.

6) Development of the high spiral face, PRCK 3-P-2 0-10 cm., x 180.

7) Non-developed test, BRIS 6/97 0-10 cm., x 130.

8) “Protruded umbilical”, HNPT 7/96 0-10 cm., x 130.

9) Distorted chamber shape or change in coiling direction, PTXT 2-P-5 0-10 cm., x 320.

See Geslin et al. 1998 for discussion of terminology of test morphological deformities.

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8

9

Core: PTMC 3-P-2 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

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1 4 1 53 4 8 4 4 3 9 55 1 0 1 1 17 3 3 3 3 69 1 0 1 3 1 0 4

1 1 2 4 2 41 3 2 5 2 51 5 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 11 7 1 0 6 3 2 1 1 11 9 7 0 1 5 1 8 62 1 5 4 2 1 2 7 72 3 7 9 2 3 1 0 22 5 9 2 8 1 0 02 7 6 5 2 8 2 2 9 72 9 7 2 2 0 1 3 1 0 53 1 1 6 1 5 2 3 33 3 2 1 8 5 1 0 63 5 4 7 4 9 4 1 0 03 7 5 6 4 5 1 1 0 23 9 4 8 2 7 2 7 74 1 4 3 1 8 2 6 34 3 2 2 1 2 34 5 2 9 3 1 3 34 7 1 14 9 1 6 3 3 2 25 1 9 4 2 0 1 1 45 3 2 1 8 2 1 0 35 5 1 1 9 7 1 0 85 7 1 9 2 9 35 9 1 5 8 3 9 86 1 6 2 6 4 3 66 3 1 4 7 8 9 26 5 1 5 7 7 9 26 7 2 8 6 8 86 9 1 8 7 2 9 07 1 1 0 3 5 4 57 3 2 0 4 0 6 07 5 1 8 6 4 8 27 7 3 8 5 3 9 17 9 4 6 9 7 38 1 3 9 1 9 48 3 3 2 5 2 88 5 1 0 1 08 7 5 8 3 8 88 9 7 79 1 1 2 4 2 59 3 1 6 6 2 29 5 1 1 3 1 49 7 5 4 5 49 9 4 9 7 1 0 1

1 0 1 3 6 5 1 6 91 0 3 1 6 71 0 5 2 5 2 51 0 7 2 5 6 1 1 8 71 0 9 2 4 2 9 5 31 1 1 6 0 3 5 9 51 1 3 3 2 6 4 3 9 91 1 5 2 6 8 9 1 1 51 1 7 1 2 7 0 3 1 2 9 71 1 9 9 3 6 4 51 2 1 1 7 1 71 2 3 1 5 4 1 5 61 2 5 1 2 8 2 91 2 7 1 2 7 2 81 2 9 1 0 9 0 1 0 01 3 1 4 4 4 41 3 3 4 9 6 1 0 01 3 5 9 3 3 4 21 3 7 4 3 2 1 3 71 3 9 6 3 5 4 11 4 1 7 2 4 1 3 21 4 3 1 2 5 2 6

Chesapeake Bay Microfossils


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1 4 5 6 1 1 1 71 4 7 2 5 1 2 2 3 91 4 9 01 5 1 01 5 3 2 21 5 5 1 11 5 7 4 1 1 61 5 9 01 6 1 8 81 6 3 8 1 91 6 5 3 31 6 7 6 1 71 6 9 6 1 71 7 1 2 7 2 71 7 3 4 41 7 5 2 0 1 2 11 7 7 5 51 7 9 2 1 2 11 8 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 21 8 3 4 0 4 4 41 8 5 3 9 3 91 8 7 1 2 1 21 8 9 5 2 5 21 9 1 7 6 7 61 9 3 9 8 1 1 1 1 0 11 9 5 1 0 4 1 0 41 9 7 7 6 7 61 9 9 1 0 0 1 0 02 0 1 8 2 1 6 1 9 92 0 3 1 5 6 2 2 32 0 5 6 1 72 0 7 4 42 0 9 6 6 1 5 8 12 1 1 5 52 1 3 1 4 1 42 1 5 6 3 6 32 1 7 2 9 2 92 1 9 3 7 3 72 2 1 5 3 4 7 1 1 0 12 2 3 7 3 2 4 5 1 0 22 2 5 5 2 4 2 5 3 8 42 2 7 1 7 4 3 2 42 2 9 4 1 6 4 5 1 1 02 3 1 5 1 62 3 3 4 42 3 5 8 82 3 7 4 9 1 0 1 5 7 42 3 9 2 4 2 42 4 1 1 7 1 72 4 3 8 9 1 9 02 4 5 6 62 4 7 02 4 9 5 1 3 0 8 12 5 1 9 92 5 3 1 6 1 62 5 5 8 82 5 7 9 92 5 9 1 2 1 22 6 1 5 9 4 0 1 1 0 02 6 3 7 72 6 5 2 22 6 7 1 12 6 9 1 12 7 1 2 8 8 3 62 7 3 4 42 7 5 6 62 7 7 1 12 7 9 1 12 8 1 1 12 8 3 9 3 6 9 92 8 5 2 22 8 7 2 22 8 9 2 22 9 1 1 5 1 52 9 3 8 9 1 1 1 0 02 9 5 1 12 9 7 3 3



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2 9 9 03 0 1 03 0 3 03 0 5 03 0 7 6 63 0 9 03 1 1 2 23 1 3 1 13 1 5 1 13 1 7 6 63 1 9 03 2 1 03 2 3 3 33 2 5 2 3 4 2 73 2 7 9 93 2 9 2 23 3 1 8 83 3 3 3 33 3 5 3 0 4 3 43 3 7 03 3 9 1 13 4 1 03 4 3 03 4 5 4 8 3 1 53 4 7 03 4 9 03 5 1 3 33 5 3 03 5 5 1 13 5 7 5 7 4 8 2 1 0 73 5 9 1 13 6 1 1 0 0 1 0 03 6 3 7 7 3 8 03 6 5 3 6 5 4 13 6 7 6 6 3 3 4 5 1 0 83 6 9 03 7 1 1 13 7 3 03 7 5 2 23 7 7 6 63 7 9 5 6 5 2 3 6 63 8 1 03 8 3 3 33 8 5 3 33 8 7 03 8 9 8 83 9 1 03 9 3 03 9 5 2 1 2 2 33 9 7 03 9 9 3 34 0 1 4 44 0 3 3 2 3 3 54 0 5 3 4 1 3 54 0 7 04 0 9 2 24 1 1 8 9 1 2 3 9 54 1 3 3 3 7 4 04 1 5 2 24 1 7 04 1 9 4 0 4 04 2 1 6 5 1 1 6 74 2 3 2 24 2 5 04 2 7 7 3 1 1 7 54 2 9 8 84 3 1 3 34 3 3 04 3 5 3 34 3 7 04 3 9 2 7 2 74 4 1 8 1 1 1 04 4 3 5 54 4 5 6 64 4 7 4 0 4 04 4 9 3 3


Core: PTXT 2-G-2 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

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1 1 5 1 61 6 107 3 2 1122 1 1 1 1 12 6 3 4 2 7 3 1 9 23 1 5 3 2 8 2 2 1033 6 4 7 1 7 2 4 8 84 1 101 1 7 1184 6 8 8 1 1 9 05 1 7 6 1 3 8 05 6 6 4 3 8 7 56 1 5 3 1 8 2 5 9 66 6 3 9 9 4 9 9 77 1 7 9 2 6 4 8 1537 6 5 3 2 5 3 2 1108 1 7 9 5 3 3 1178 6 9 0 3 4 1 1349 1 117 1 1 1199 6 118 118

101 100 100106 9 3 1 2 105111 102 102


Core PTXT-2-P-5 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

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1 2 1 7 7 5 1 0 33 2 3 7 3 3 9 95 2 3 6 9 9 27 3 7 3 6 0 1 0 09 2 2 4 6 8 9 4

1 1 1 1 3 8 6 1 0 01 3 1 6 8 3 9 91 5 5 5 1 0 3 0 9 51 7 8 4 1 4 6 1 0 41 9 8 4 1 7 2 5 1 0 82 1 6 2 4 2 2 1 0 62 3 6 0 2 2 1 3 9 52 5 5 1 1 5 2 9 3 9 82 7 3 9 3 4 3 2 1 1 0 62 9 3 8 2 9 1 9 1 3 9 93 1 2 4 3 8 1 0 2 8 1 0 03 3 4 6 1 6 3 2 1 9 53 5 4 7 8 2 6 1 9 1 0 03 7 3 9 3 2 5 3 3 1 0 03 9 2 6 1 6 3 7 2 1 1 0 04 1 3 2 1 5 4 2 6 9 54 3 3 6 1 2 5 3 1 6 1 1 74 5 5 5 5 5 4 1 9 1 3 34 7 4 2 6 3 3 1 5 9 64 9 5 4 9 5 2 8 1 2 35 1 6 9 1 4 1 1 9 45 3 8 1 1 4 4 1 1 0 05 5 7 8 1 7 1 2 4 1 1 15 7 7 7 1 4 7 5 1 0 35 9 6 2 2 7 8 9 1 0 66 1 5 8 2 9 7 2 9 66 3 6 2 4 1 3 3 1 0 96 5 5 2 5 8 1 1 1 16 7 6 5 3 9 2 4 1 1 06 9 7 7 3 6 1 1 37 1 6 2 3 2 9 47 3 5 9 4 1 1 1 0 17 5 6 1 2 5 3 2 9 17 7 6 9 1 7 2 4 9 27 9 8 1 1 7 7 1 1 0 68 1 6 1 2 3 8 5 9 78 3 5 6 2 9 7 9 28 5 6 3 1 3 1 9 9 1 0 48 7 5 1 1 9 1 0 8 08 9 5 2 2 3 1 0 8 59 1 4 8 6 2 3 2 5 1 0 29 3 4 3 1 1 2 0 3 3 1 0 79 5 6 5 5 2 9 1 4 1 4 09 7 1 6 2 3 1 0 6 1 2 79 9 2 6 8 1 1 9 3 1 3 8

1 0 1 7 6 8 9 1 0 21 0 3 6 0 1 0 2 6 6 8 1 6 41 0 5 1 0 6 7 7 9 31 0 7 6 3 8 6 3 4 8 1 8 21 0 9 1 0 2 0 6 6 9 61 1 1 2 5 1 7 5 9 9 21 1 3 3 2 1 2 2 5 4 8 1 1 71 1 5 1 7 7 1 2 1 1 5 1 5 11 1 7 3 2 3 1 2 5 6 1 0 31 1 9 3 7 9 1 3 9 8 1 5 71 2 1 1 8 1 3 7 7 9 91 2 3 7 1 1 1 1 4 1 0 1 0 6



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2 6 3 3 6 6 9 1 7 1 1 1 42 6 5 1 4 8 3 2 1 2 1 8 32 6 7 9 0 2 7 1 2 1 2 02 6 9 8 2 1 4 3 9 92 7 1 8 5 3 1 2 1 0 02 7 3 1 1 9 1 1 3 1 3 32 7 5 7 3 1 8 1 1 6 1 0 82 7 7 1 2 4 1 4 4 1 1 4 32 7 9 8 1 1 3 2 4 1 0 02 8 1 1 0 6 1 4 4 1 1 2 52 8 3 4 4 8 3 8 9 02 8 5 9 3 6 2 3 1 0 42 8 7 9 3 3 8 6 1 0 12 8 9 5 6 8 3 6 1 0 02 9 1 2 8 3 1 6 5 9 72 9 3 3 3 1 5 8 9 22 9 5 6 1 7 3 3 1 0 12 9 7 1 0 5 6 2 2 1 1 52 9 9 6 4 2 4 2 3 9 33 0 1 7 2 1 5 4 9 13 0 3 7 5 2 8 1 4 1 1 0 93 0 5 8 1 2 8 1 1 1 03 0 7 9 3 2 7 1 2 1 2 33 0 9 9 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 5 5 3 8 3 2 9 83 1 3 7 6 2 7 1 1 0 43 1 5 7 3 5 6 1 1 1 3 13 1 7 5 1 3 9 9 03 1 9 3 4 8 1 2 2 1 1 93 2 1 3 3 6 1 1 9 53 2 3 5 8 4 5 1 0 33 2 5 6 1 5 0 1 1 1 23 2 7 9 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 83 2 9 6 9 1 9 3 9 13 3 1 6 2 2 7 5 9 1 0 33 3 3 5 9 4 6 1 1 0 63 3 5 6 8 2 2 7 9 73 3 7 6 7 2 0 1 6 9 43 3 9 7 1 1 5 4 1 0 1 0 03 4 1 7 4 1 2 6 9 23 4 3 7 8 2 1 2 1 0 1 1 13 4 5 5 7 2 0 3 4 8 43 4 7 5 9 1 3 1 1 9 9 23 4 9 4 9 1 2 6 13 5 1 1 2 1 6 8 6 1 0 53 5 3 2 8 8 1 6 6 1 0 33 5 5 3 8 1 4 1 4 0 9 33 5 7 4 9 3 5 2 4 9 03 5 9 6 5 1 1 2 1 5 9 33 6 1 8 7 6 2 6 1 0 13 6 3 1 5 3 3 2 13 6 5 8 4 4 3 9 13 6 7 8 6 1 1 5 1 1 0 33 6 9 1 3 8 4 1 4 23 7 1 7 4 2 1 9 53 7 3 6 2 4 5 1 0 73 7 5 6 6 4 3 1 0 93 7 7 6 4 3 7 1 0 13 7 9 5 6 4 6 1 0 23 8 1 6 5 1 9 8 43 8 3 7 4 1 4 1 8 93 8 5 1 1 1 3 8 1 2 1 5 23 8 7 7 2 2 0 9 23 8 9 4 1 5 5 9 63 9 1 7 1 2 1 1 9 33 9 3 7 5 3 8 1 1 33 9 5 1 0 5 2 4 1 1 3 03 9 7 1 0 3 1 5 1 1 83 9 9 1 1 6 1 8 1 9 1 4 4



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1 1 1 23 8 2 3 5 3 65 1 0 5 4 2 6 67 1 4 3 5 7 0 1019 5 2 0 7 5 2 102

1 1 5 3 9 5 9 0 1031 3 1 4 6 1 2 3 2 1001 5 1 0 7 8 1 1 1 1001 7 3 8 7 5 5 1001 9 1 9 0 8 1 1002 1 6 5 0 1 1 3 3 1002 3 4 4 4 6 5 0 1042 5 9 3 4 1 5 7 1012 7 4 6 1 7 5 4 1262 9 4 2 5 1 1 6 0 1003 1 1 2 8 3 7 3 7 1033 3 2 2 8 4 2 2 8 1003 5 4 2 2 1 4 1 1043 7 6 6 5 1 9 1 6 1063 9 3 6 3 2 7 1 0 1034 1 5 7 1 7 2 6 1004 3 1 0 6 4 1 0 1 6 1004 5 6 8 8 3 5 1024 7 1 9 3 1 5 1004 9 2 9 6 4 1025 1 7 6 6 8 1 9 1005 3 8 5 3 9 3 4 1045 5 3 5 7 9 3 1 1005 7 2 8 1 1 3 4 1005 9 2 6 7 2 4 1 3 1066 1 2 8 0 1 3 9 1046 3 3 9 9 2 1046 5 4 7 3 3 3 0 1106 7 1 3 2 2 4 4 4 1016 9 2 3 6 2 4 4 6 1087 1 1 4 3 3 0 2 6 1007 3 2 4 1 4 0 1 9 1027 5 3 4 1 3 2 2 4 100



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7 7 2 2 9 2 9 4 0 1007 9 1 1 8 2 1 6 0 1008 1 2 2 0 1 0 7 3 1058 3 2 3 0 3 6 7 1028 5 4 1 6 6 7 4 1008 7 4 3 0 4 6 8 1068 9 8 3 6 6 5 7 1079 1 7 5 8 5 4 3 1139 3 3 9 5 2 6 3 6 1069 5 2 1 5 7 3 3 1 3 1069 7 5 9 8 1 2 1069 9 1 9 6 2 1 100


Core: PTXT 2-P-2 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

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To

tal

1 01 7 5 1 3 1 6 1 105111 9 3 5 6 104121 7 8 8 1 3 1 100131 7 9 8 1 7 1 105141 7 4 1 8 9 1 102151 6 0 1 2 1 4 2 8 8161 8 5 1 6 101171 8 7 9 1 9 2181 8 2 9 2 9 3191 8 8 1 1 2 101201 7 8 9 3 9 0211 7 5 4 7 9221 9 4 1 0 3 107231 6 3 5 1 3 8 1241 7 5 8 6 8 9251 7 3 4 1 3 9 0


Core: PTXT 2-P-3 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

De

pth

(cm

)

E.

sels

eyen

se/c

lava

tum

E.

exca

vatu

m

A.t

epid

a

Am

mob

acul

ites

To

tal

9 1 5 9 3 2 100101 7 5 1 3 1 6 1 105111 9 3 5 6 104121 7 8 8 1 3 1 100131 7 9 8 1 7 1 105141 7 4 1 8 9 1 102


Core: PRCK 1-G Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

De

pth

(cm

)

E.s

else

yens

e/ex

cava

tum

E.c

lava

tum

A.t

epid

a

Am

mob

acul

ites

To

tal

1 5 3 9 1 183 2826 9 1 7 331 357

1 1 1 7 2 1 2 240 2711 6 1 8 3 8 1 257 3142 1 4 9 3 6 364 4222 6 1 8 1 1 195 2243 1 1 9 152 240 4113 6 2 4 2 0 6 0 163 2674 1 5 3 1 9 4 1 313 4264 6 4 5 3 7 9 142 2335 1 2 1 35 6 7 9 1 5 2 1 9 76 1 8 4 7 1 1 9 36 6 9 0 5 9 57 1 7 6 7 8 37 6 2 9 3 3 28 1 8 4 7 9 18 6 6 0 2 6 3 8 99 1 7 7 1 7 89 6 8 1 7 1 8 9

101 9 7 2 9 9106 6 6111 0116 2 0 2 0121 2 2


Core: PRCK 3-P-2 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

De

pth

(cm

)

E.s

eley

ense

/exc

avat

um

E.c

lava

tum

A.t

epid

a

B.

frig

ida

To

tal

1 6 4 9 0 1003 3 0 1 9 5 8 1075 2 0 4 1 3 9 1007 6 5 2 0 1 7 1029 4 3 4 0 1 9 102

1 1 6 2 3 3 5 1001 3 4 6 5 4 2 1021 5 6 6 1 8 1 6 1001 7 3 5 4 7 1 8 1001 9 6 3 2 5 1 3 1012 1 3 1 5 5 1 5 1012 3 5 5 3 7 1 6 1082 5 3 6 2 8 3 7 1012 7 5 1 3 8 1 8 1072 9 3 6 5 5 1 0 1013 1 3 3 6 5 7 1053 3 5 9 0 5 1003 5 2 0 4 2 4 0 1023 7 2 0 1 0 2 9 5 93 9 2 0 3 7 8 1014 1 2 3 9 9 4 14 3 5 8 4 1 3 1024 5 5 3 3 7 1 0 1004 7 5 4 5 0 3 1074 9 6 5 3 5 1005 1 7 2 2 8 3 1035 3 5 7 4 0 3 1005 5 5 5 2 7 3 8 55 7 3 5 2 3 2 6 05 9 8 9 1 2 2 1036 1 9 3 5 2 1006 3 7 6 1 8 6 1006 5 7 5 1 1 1 5 1016 7 7 5 1 3 5 9 36 9 8 0 1 2 8 1007 1 9 0 8 2 1007 3 8 4 1 7 1 1027 5 7 9 1 8 3 1007 7 6 9 2 6 6 1017 9 4 9 4 5 4 9 88 1 08 3 08 5 0



De

pth

(cm

)

E.s

eley

ense

/exc

avat

um

E.c

lava

tum

A.t

epid

a

B.

frig

ida

To

tal

8 7 08 9 09 1 09 3 09 5 09 7 09 9 0

101 0103 0105 0107 0109 0111 0113 0115 0117 0119 0121 9 7 7 5 2 111123 8 7 4 9 100125 1 9 1 3 2 3127 5 6 2 3 6 1129 7 8 7 9 1 9 5131 2 2 4133 5 1 1 2 5 4135 8 3 1 7 100137 6 3 3 1 6 7139 6 1 3 6 3 100141 8 0 1 9 1 1 101143 8 8 1 7 1 106145 106 1 4 1 121147 107 9 2 1 119149 9 2 8 2 1 103151 8 7 9 4 100153 100 9 109155 5 7 1 5 2 7 4157 7 6 2 4 100159 8 7 1 4 1 102161 6 6 1 3 2 8 1163 7 3 8 8 1165 5 2 1 5 6 3 7 6167 1 5 1 5 2 3 2169 7 1 7 2 2 8 2171 9 3 2 5 100173 6 6 2 7 7 5175 7 5 3 1 3 8 2177 3 3179 9 1 8 1 100181 3 8 3 4 4 5183 3 3 2 1 3 6



De

pth

(cm

)

E.s

eley

ense

/exc

avat

um

E.c

lava

tum

A.t

epid

a

B.

frig

ida

To

tal

1 85 9 4 6 2 102187 9 0 3 9 3189 1 6 2 9 2 7191 8 6 1 1 1 8 9193 9 7 4 2 103195 9 6 1 9 7197 8 7 2 1 9 0199 7 4 1 7 5201 5 1 1 5 2203 9 5 5 100205 9 0 1 0 100207 9 3 7 100209 8 8 1 2 100211 8 6 1 4 100213 7 9 1 9 2 100215 8 1 1 7 2 100217 9 2 7 1 100219 8 1 2 3 1 105221 7 7 2 3 100223 5 8 4 2 100225 7 5 2 5 100227 7 9 2 1 100229 104 3 4 138231 0233 6 1 6 1235 109 109237 8 1 1 7 3 101239 0241 0243 0245 0247 0249 0251 0253 0255 0257 0259 1 1261 3 3263 0265 0267 1 1269 0271 0273 0275 0277 0279 0281 0



De

pth

(cm

)

E.s

eley

ense

/exc

avat

um

E.c

lava

tum

A.t

epid

a

B.

frig

ida

To

tal

2 83 0285 0287 1 1289 1 8 1 8291 107 1 108293 9 9 1 100295 100 100297 9 0 5 9 5299 8 4 1 6 100301 3 4 3 4303 3 7 3 7305 7 4 1 8 1 9 3307 9 8 2 100309 9 4 7 101311 9 8 2 100313 6 3 3 3 2 2 100315 7 8 1 4 2 1 9 5317 2 8 7 2 100319 6 8 3 2 100321 4 8 5 2 100323 7 2 2 7 1 100325 9 2 6 2 100327 8 5 1 4 1 100329 8 1 1 9 1 101331 7 6 2 2 1 1 100333 6 6 3 1 3 100335 9 7 3 100337 7 4 2 6 100339 6 5 3 5 100341 6 8 4 3 1 112343 2 9 7 1 100345 5 5 4 9 104347 8 6 1 8 104349 7 9 3 7 116351 9 7 4 3 104353 9 5 2 1 2 100355 9 7 4 1 102357 8 1 1 9 100359 8 6 1 0 3 1 100361 9 6 4 100363 9 7 2 1 100365 9 2 8 100367 9 7 4 1 102369 7 5 2 4 1 100


Core: AZM 3 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

De

pth

(cm

)

E.s

else

yens

e/ex

cava

tum

E.c

lava

tum

A.t

epid

a

Am

mob

acul

ites

To

tal

1 0 2 7 4 8 2 5 1001 5 3 9 2 8 1032 0 1 3 6 8 2 4 1052 5 8 8 1 1 1 1004 0 1 0 9 0 1005 0 1 9 8 4 1 1046 0 2 7 6 5 8 1007 0 9 104 1 1148 0 3 1 7 0 1019 0 3 1 5 3 8 8 100

100 8 3 1 2 6 3 104110 7 2 2 3 5 2 102120 6 8 1 5 9 8 100130 3 7 2 7 3 4 5 103140 8 0 1 8 9 2 109150 3 4 6 5 1 100160 7 9 1 1 6 4 100170 9 4 1 0 6 110180 8 2 1 2 8 102190 8 5 1 1 4 5 105200 7 2 1 5 1 2 1 100210 8 5 2 0 1 1 5 121220 6 2 3 8 3 103230 7 4 1 5 1 1 2 102240 2 7 1 2 3 0250 110 2 112


Core: Broomes Island 6/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

De

pth

(cm

)

Elp

hidi

um

Am

mon

ia

Am

mob

acul

ites

Mili

amm

ina

To

tal

0 .5 8 4 6 1 0 1001.5 9 7 1 62.5 1 1 23.5 1 14.5 05.5 1 16.5 1 0 9 0 1007.5 1 2 8 8 1008.5 3 7 7 4 1 1129.5 3 3 6 5 2 100

10.5 4 4 5 5 4 10311.5 2 9 6 5 1 0 10412.5 8 2 1 8 10013.5 1 6 4 1 114.5 9 4 6 1 915.5 1 0 4 1 1 4 316.5 5 3 3 1 117.5 2 218.5 8 1 1 1 2 019.5 2 1 3


Core: Broomes Island 7/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

Dep

th (

cm)

Elp

hidi

um

Am

mon

ia

Am

mob

acul

ites

Mili

amm

ina

To

tal

0 .5 2 102 1 2 3 1192.5 109 7 2 1184.5 9 0 1 2 2 1046.5 1 101 3 1058.5 1 4 7 2 2 0 3 109

10.5 3 2 1 5 5 0 6 10312.5 3 2 1 5 5 6 1 10414.5 1 2 3 9 3 1 10916.5 1 4 3 8 2 2 101


Core: Marsh Point 7/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

De

pth

(cm

)

Elp

hidi

um

Am

mon

ia

Am

mob

acul

ites

To

tal

0 .5 8 6 2 8 82.5 5 4 5 44.5 1 5 1 56.5 7 78.5 2 8 2 810.5 1 2 3 1 512.5 1 0 5 1 514.5 2 3 4 1 3 4 916.5 1 1 9 8 2 818.5 5 6 8 3 7 620.5 6 6 0 7 7 322.5 1 7 7 2 3 9 224.5 1 6 2 4 4 4 4


Core: Point No Point 7/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

De

pth

(cm

)

Elp

hidi

um

Am

mon

ia

Am

mob

acul

ites

Mili

amm

ina

To

tal

0 .5 2 4 3 1 2 82.5 4 4 9 5 5 84.5 8 1 9 3 1 1 5 96.5 3 4 2 1 5 2 6 28.5 4 3 5 3 9

10.5 3 8 0 1 4 9 712.5 6 2 2 1 8 314.5 8 8 6 3 9 718.5 3 6 3 6


Core: R-64 7/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

De

pth

(cm

)

Elp

hidi

um

sp.

Am

mon

ia t

epid

a

Am

mot

ium

sal

sum

To

tal

0 .5 1 1 22.5 04.5 1 2 36.5 1 9 1 0 6 3 58.5 9 3 2 1 2 116

10.5 129 1 1 1 14112.5 127 2 12914.5 139 13916.5 142 2 5 149


Core: R-64 8/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

De

pth

Elp

hidi

um

Am

mon

ia

Am

mob

acul

ites

To

tal

0 .5 01.5 02.5 1 13.5 2 24.5 05.5 06.5 1 6 2 2 3 87.5 2 8 6 9 9 78.5 1 4 6 2 09.5 2 2

10.5 011.5 2 3 4 3 3 012.5 4 3 8 5 113.5 1 0 5 1 514.5 2 215.5 016.5 1 8 1 817.5 1 7 1 1 1 918.5 3 6 2 4 4 219.5 1 120.5 100 10021.5 2 2


Core: Ragged Point 7/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

Dep

th (

cm)

Elp

hidi

um

sp.

Am

mon

ia t

epid

a

Am

mot

ium

sal

sum

To

tal

1 .0 6 8 2 6 1 2 1062.5 4 7 4 6 9 34.5 5 0 5 2 1026.5 4 6 5 3 9 98.5 3 3 4 0 1 4 8 7

10.5 5 1 2 1 7 212.5 5 0 1 7 6 714.5 9 3 9 316.5 1 0 1 3 6 4 718.5 2 4 1 5 9 8 420.5 2 3 2 5 4 822.5 8 1 0 5 4 7 2


Core: Ragged Point 8/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

De

pth

(cm

)

Elp

hidi

um

Am

mob

acul

ites

Am

mon

ia

To

tal

0 .5 5 8 4 3 9 1011.5 1 5 5 5 7 7 72.5 1 7 5 0 3 3 1003.5 1 8 3 9 4 2 9 94.5 2 6 1 2 9 9 25.5 1 6 7 3 4 1026.5 4 8 3 7 9 47.5 4 8 4 7 6 1018.5 7 9 0 1 9 89.5 100 100

10.5 100 10011.5 4 9 6 10012.5 2 8 6 9 3 10013.5 3 1 6 9 10014.5 1 0 8 7 9 715.5 100 10016.5 100 10017.5 5 9 5 10018.5 7 9 3 10019.5 1 9 9 10020.5 4 101 10521.5 8 2 8 2


Core: St. Leonard Creek 7/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

Dep

th (

cm)

Elp

hidi

um

sp.

Am

mon

ia t

epid

a

Mili

amm

ina

fusc

a (?

)

Am

mot

ium

sal

sum

Glo

bige

rinoi

des

spp.

Tex

tula

ria e

arla

ndi

(?)

To

tal

0 .5 9 6 1 1 4 1112.5 3 7 1 4 8 8 64.5 4 8 3 9 0 1416.5 5 4 5 6 9 1 1298.5 1 103 2 0 111 235

10.5 2 7 2 6 7 9 612.5 3 7 2 6 1 10014.5 1 5 6 5 3 8 10016.5 7 2 3 4 5 7 1 9 218.5 1 8 6 4 3 3 227 1 34320.5 1 1 3 5 0 6 4


Core: St. Leonard Creek 8/96 Appendix 1: Benthic Foraminifera

De

pth

(cm

)

Am

mob

acul

ites

Elp

hidi

um

Am

mon

ia

Mili

mm

ina

fusc

a (?

)

Tot

al

0 .5 7 1 0 4 4 7 91.5 8 4 0 1 1 1 2 1072.5 9 2 0 4 8 1043.5 7 7 0 4 1 0 9 14.5 100 0 2 3 0 1235.5 8 9 0 0 4 9 36.5 7 2 0 0 5 7 77.5 106 0 6 7 1198.5 101 0 3 2 1069.5 8 6 0 1 2 8 9

10.5 9 7 0 0 2 9 911.5 9 0 0 1 1 9 212.5 100 0 0 0 10013.5 105 0 0 2 10714.5 100 0 0 0 10015.5 101 0 0 3 10416.5 9 3 0 0 3 9 617.5 9 9 0 0 3 10218.5 9 3 0 0 4 9 719.5 100 0 0 4 10420.5 8 8 3 6 5 10221.5 9 8 0 0 3 101


Documents

Chesapeake Bay Benthic Foraminifera