Chemistry Review & Organic Chemistry Review & Organic ChemistryChemistry

Isotopes

Isotopes• Archaeological Dating

– Carbon-14 can be used to determine how long ago the organism died

• Smoke Detectors– Americium-241 – can detect smoke from

fire early

Isotopes• Food Irradiation

– Cobalt-60 is used to irradiate bacteria on food

• Medicinal Uses– To detect location of

diseased tissue for specific treatment

– Thallium-201 used for stress test to detect blood-starved heart tissue

Intra Molecular Bonds

A. Ionic Bonds:

B. Covalent

• Non-polar Covalent

Polar Covalent Bonds

Why does this happen?

Ionic versus Covalent BondingIonic• Metal cation + non-metal

anion

Covalent• 2 neutral non-metal atoms

Intermolecular Bonds

A. Dipole-dipole bonds

B. Hydrogen bonds

C. London Forces- Weakest intermolecular force

Why is ice less dense than water?

Water Molecule Structure-Properties of water exist because of its molecular structure

High Surface Tension

Liquid at Room Temperature

High light transmission

• Colourless substance

Strong Cohesive Properties & High Tensile Strength

The Versatile Solvent• “like” molecules

dissolve in “like” molecules

• Polar molecules =

• Non-polar molecules =

High Specific Heat Capacity

Biological Structures

DNA

Carbohydrates

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ALKANES

ALKENES

QUESTIONS

• Alkanes are considered to be saturated, while alkenes and alkynes are considered to be unsaturated. Looking at the diagrams what is the difference between a saturated molecule and an unsaturated molecule?

• Have you heard of saturated and unsaturated molecules before? Where can you find them in your diet?

CYCLIC

AROMATICS

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

• Electronegative atoms like O, N, F that are on a hydrocarbon

• How would such a group change the properties of the molecule?

1-pentanol