Upload
cameron-hardy
View
216
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chemistry of Life
Everything, whether it is a rock, dog, car, or flower, is made of incredibly small particles called __________.
atoms
An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter.
How many atoms could fit in a space the size of a period? _________________
millions of atoms
Matter is anything that has ___________ and occupies
________.mass
space
Although there is a huge variety of matter on earth, all atoms share the same basic structure.
Atoms consist of three types of smaller particles:_______________ are positively charged (+1) _______________ are neutral (no charge, 0) _______________ are negatively charged (-1)
electronsneutronsprotons
protons
neutronselectrons
The __________ is the area in the center of the atom with a positive charge that contains____________ and ______________.
nucleus
protons neutrons
nucleus
What is the charge of a proton? _____
What is the charge of a electron? _____
What is the charge of a neutron? _____
+1
-1
0
Atoms are neutral because they have the same number protons as electrons.
number of protons number of electrons=
How many protons in this atom? _____3How many electrons in this atom? _____3
What is the overall charge of this atom? ______________+ = 0(+3) (-3)
Are all atoms identical? ______How does one atom differ from another atom? ____________________________
no
In the number of protons and electrons
The AtomHydrogen atom Helium atom
# protons = ____ # protons = ___ # neutrons = ____ # electrons = ____
overall charge = __________
# neutrons = ____ # electrons = ____
overall charge = __________
101+1 + (-1) = 0
222
+2 + (-2) = 0
Element Key
6 C
Carbon 12.011
Atomic number and
# of protons
Symbol of element
Name of Element
Atomic mass
USE A PERIODIC TABLE TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:
An atom with 1 proton is an atom of ___________.An atom with 2 protons is an atom of __________.An atom with 8 protons is an atom of __________.An atom with 13 protons is an atom of _________.An atom with 47 protons is an atom of _________.An atom with 79 protons is an atom of _________.
hydrogen, Hhelium, Heoxygen, Oaluminum,Alsilver, Aggold, Au
All matter is made up of elements.
Elements are made up of atoms.
Example: piece of aluminum foil
Element – a pure substance made of one particular type of atom, and it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.
Aluminum, Al
There are 109 elements on Earth, of these, 91 elements occur naturally, but only about 25 are
found in organisms.
Elements found in living organisms:OxygenCarbonHydrogenNitrogenCalciumPhosphorusPotassiumSulfurChlorineSodiumMagnesiumIodineFluorineIronBromineAluminumSiliconManganese
96% of the mass of a human is made of only 4 elements – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Composition of the Human Body65% oxygen 1.5% calcium 0.2% potassium 18% carbon 1.2% phosphorus 0.1% sodium 10% hydrogen 0.2% sulfur and other elements 3% nitrogen
Most elements do not exist alone. Elements combine to form compounds. Compound - a substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements.
OHH
What compound is this? _________
Chemical formula? _________
water
H2O
What elements is water composed of?__________________________hydrogen
oxygen
Examples of compounds:
CO2---
elements?
atoms?
carbon dioxide
carbon & oxygen
one atom of carbontwo atoms of oxygen
NaCl ---
elements?
atoms?
sodium chloride
sodium & chlorine
one atom of sodium one atom of chlorine
C6H12O6 ---
elements?
atoms?
glucose
Carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen
6 atoms of carbon12 atoms of hydrogen6 atoms of oxygen
The different elements that make up a compound are held together by chemical bonds. A chemical bond is a force of attraction between two atoms.
OHH
Water, H2O
Chemical bondChemical bond
Every compound is unique and is different from the elements that
make it up.
NaCl ---
sodium chlorideSodium (Na) is a solid
chlorine (Cl) is a poisonous gas,
yet they combine to form table salt, an edible solid.