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Chemistry Vocab
• Take 15 minutes to look up the definition for the following terms!
1. Chemical
2. Chemistry
3. Matter
4. Mass
5. Volume
6. Energy
Chemistry Vocab
1. Chemical: a substance produced by or used in a chemical process
2. Chemistry: the study of the composition of matter and the energy created by the interaction of matter
3. Matter: anything that has mass & volume
4. Mass: quantity of matter in an object often determined by weighing with a scale
5. Volume: something occupies space
6. Energy: ability to do work or cause change
Types of Energy
1. Potential- energy of matter because of its position or compositions; It is stored in the matter.
2. Kinetic- energy of an object in motion.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl4g7T5gw1M
States of Matter
1. Solid- has definite shape & volume
2. Liquid- has definite volume and takes the shape of its container
3. Gaseous- has neither a definite shape or volume; can expand & contract & move around
Why States of Matter Change
• Matter may change from one state to another
• Usually relates to temperature & pressure
• The properties do not change
Properties of Matter
• Property- a characteristic or feature that makes it possible to distinguish between kinds of matter
• Physical Property- a characteristic that can be observed without altering the matter• Mass, color, shape, length
• Chemical Property- a characteristic that describes the changes matter goes through when its identity is altered to create substances in different forms• Burning wood
Classification of Matter
• Pure substances- matter that has uniform and consistent composition and properties from one sample to another• Ex) salt & sugar
• Mixtures- combination of 2+ different kinds of matter, and it is not definite in proportions of its contents • Solution- a homogenous (uniform) mix.
Can be solid or gas. • Suspension- when particles are dispersed
(mixed) in a fluid medium. Ex) Water in a stream.
Chemistry 101
• Elements form compounds
• Pure substances are either elements or compounds
• Elements do not decompose • An element is a pure substance that
cannot be broken down into other substances
• Examples: Gold, silver, iron
Chemical Elements: The Ingredients of
Matter• Element: a substance consisting
entirely of atoms of the same atomic number
• Everything on earth is made of chemical elements
• 114 chemical elements have been identified • 92 are natural elements found on Earth • The rest are made in a lab
Chemical Elements• All elements have a name
• All elements have a symbol • Most are either 1 or 2 letters • Some officially unnamed have 3 letters • Letters are often letters from English
spelling of the word • Examples: AL for Aluminum C for Carbon
N for Nitrogen O for Oxygen• Some are from Latin
• Examples: Ag for Silver; old name was argentum
K for Potassium Fe for Iron
Chemical Elements
• Elements are grouped in the Periodic Table
• Periodic Table is an arrangement of chemical elements in the order of increasing atomic numbers
• It is in rows and columns
• Take a look at the Periodic Table, how is it organized?
Types of Elements • Metals-an element with metallic luster
• Can be shaped • Are electrical conductors • Ex) Iron, Aluminum, & Copper
• Nonmetals- an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity • Ex) Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, & Sulfur • 11 elements classified as nonmetallic
• Metalloids- elements between metals and nonmetals both in the periodic table and in properties • Ex) Arsenic• 6 elements classified as metalloids
• Noble Gases- do not normally react with other elements • Ex) Neon & helium • 6 elements are classified as noble gases
Atoms
• Atom: smallest part of an element that can take part in a reaction
• Atomic structure: the arrangement of the parts of atoms
• Atomic number: the number of protons in the nucleus
• Atomic mass: the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Chemical Reactions
• What occurs when a substance becomes another substance with different characteristics
• Types of Reactions:• Composition- when 2+ substances react to
form a more complex product • Decomposition- when chemical
compounds break down • Single Replacement- when 1 element
replaces another in a compound • Double Replacement- when 2 compounds
exchange elements
Chemical Reactions
• Compounds- form when 2+ elements unite to form a substance with qualities different from the elements alone
• Chemical bonding- 2+ elements joining together to form a compound
• Molecule- the smallest amount of a substance that can exist independently and keep the properties of the substance • Ex) Water= 2 hydrogen atoms & 1
oxygen atom
Chemical Reactions
• Learn a little more from Bill Nye!
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xlp2y1_bill-nye-chemical-reactions_tech#.URez2lrjk3I
• Write down 15 interesting facts as you learn from Bill Nye the science guy!