CHEMISTRYNovember 20, 2014

REVIEW

SCIENCE STARTER

• You are seated and silent• You have 7 minutes•Do the SCIENCE STARTER

REVIEW

PHYSICAL BEHAVIORS OF MATTERS

PB1

• Which substance can not be broken down by chemical means?– Ammonia– Antimony– Methane– Water

PB2

• Which substance can not be broken down by a chemical change?– Methane– Propanal– Tungsten– Water

PB3

• Which substance can NOT be broken down by a chemical change?– Ammonia– Ethanol– Propanal– Zirconium

PB4

• Two grams of potassium chloride are completely dissolved in a sample of water in a beaker. This solution is classified as – An element– A compound– A homogeneous mixture– A heterogeneous mixture

PB5

• Salt water is classified as a – Compound because the proportion of its atoms is

fixed– Compound because the proportion of its atoms

can vary– Mixture because the proportion of its components

is fixed– Mixture because the proportion of its component

can vary

PB6

• A substance is classified as either an element or a – Compound– Solution– Heterogeneous mixture– Homogeneous mixture

PB7

• Which diagram represents a mixture of two different molecular forms of the same element? A B C D

PB8

• A gas changes directly to a solid during– Fusion– Deposition– Saponification– Decomposition

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

SP1

• In an atom of argon-40, the number of protons– Equals the number of electrons– Equals the number of neutrons– Is less than the number of electrons– Is greater than the number of electrons

SB2

• Which statement matches a subatomic particle with its charge?– A neutron has a negative charge– A proton has a negative charge– A neutron has no charge– A proton has no charge

SB3

• Which statement compares the masses of two subatomic particles?– The mass of an electron is greater than the mass of

a proton– The mass of an electron is greater than the mass of

a neutron– The mass of a proton is greater than the mass of an

electron– The mass of a proton is greater than the mass of a

neutron

SB4

• Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an He-4 atom?– Electrons and neutrons– Electrons and protons– Neutrons and protons– Neutrons, protons, and electrons

SB5

• Which particles have approximately the same mass?– An electron and an alpha particle– An electron and a proton– A neutron and an alpha particle– A neutron and a proton

SB6

• The greatest composition by mass in an atom of O-17 (8) is due to the total mass of its– Electrons– Neutrons– Positrons– Protons

SB7

• Which quantity can vary among atoms of the same element?– Mass number– Atomic number– Number of protons– Number of electrons

SB8

• What is the approximate mass of a proton?– 1 u– 0.0005 u– 1 g– 0.0005 g

SB9

• Which quantity represents the number of protons in an atom?– Atomic number– Oxidation number– Number of neutrons– Number of valence electrons

SB10

• Compared to the charge of a proton, the charge of an electron has– A greater magnitude and the same sign– A greater magnitude and the opposite sign– The same magnitude and the same sign– The same magnitude and the opposite sign

SB11

• Which phrase describes an atom?– A negatively charged nucleus surrounded by

positively charged protons– A negatively charged nucleus surrounded by

positively charged electrons– A negatively charged nucleus surrounded by

negatively charged protons– A positively charged nucleus surrounded by

negatively charged electrons

SB12

• Which statement about one atom of an element identifies the element?– The atom has 1 proton.– The atom has 2 neutrons.– The sum of the number of protons and neutrons

in the atom is 3– The difference between the number of neutrons

and protons in the atom is 1

SB13

• The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of – An alpha particle– A beta particle– A positron– A neutron

SB14

• Every chlorine atom has– 7 electrons– 17 neutrons– A mass number of 35– An atomic number of 17

SB15

• An atom in the ground state has two electrons in its first shell and six electrons in its second shell. What is the total number of protons in the nucleus of this atoms?– 5– 2– 7– 8

SB16

• What is the charge of the nucleus of an oxygen?– 0– -2– +8– +16

ATOMIC MODEL

AM1

• An orbital is a region of space where there is a high probability of finding– A proton– A positron– A neutron– An electron

AM2

• In the late 1800s, experiments using cathode ray tube led to the discovery of the – Electron– Neutron– Positron– Proton

AM3

• According to the wave-mechanical model of the model, an orbital is a region of the most probable location of – An alpha particle– A gamma ray– An electron– A proton

AM4

• In the wave-mechanical model of the atom, an orbital is defined as – A region of the most probable proton location– A region of the most probable electron location– A circular path traveled by a proton around the

nucleus– A circular path traveled by an electron around the

nucleus

AM5

• The gold foil experiment led to the conclusion that each atom in the foil was composed mostly of empty space because most alpha particles directed at the foil– Passed through the foil– Remained trapped in the foil– Were deflected by the nuclei in gold atoms– Were deflected by the electrons in gold atoms

AM6

• An orbital is defined as a region of the most probable location of – An electron– A neutron– A nucleus– A proton

ISOTOPES

I1

• What information is necessary to determine the atomic mass of the element chlorine?– The atomic mass of each artificially produced isotope of

chlorine, only– The relative abundance of each naturally occurring

isotope of chlorine only– The atomic mass and the relative abundance of each

naturally occurring isotope of chlorine– The atomic mass and the relative abundance of each

naturally occurring and artificially produced isotope of chlorine

I2

• What is the total number of neutrons in an atom of O-18?– 18– 16– 10– 8

I3

• The atomic mass of titanium is 47.88 atomic mass units. This atomic mass represents the– Total mass of all the protons and neutrons in an

atom of Ti– Total mass of all the protons, neutrons and

electrons in an atom of Ti– Weighted average mass of the most abundant

isotope of Ti– Weighted average mass of all the naturally

occurring isotopes of Ti

I4

• Which notations represent different isotopes of the element sodium?– 32S and 34S– S2- and S6+

– Na+ and Na0

– 22Na and 23Na

I5

• An atom that has 13 protons and 15 neutrons is an isotope of the element– Nickel– Silicon– Aluminum– Phosphorus

I6

• The atomic masses and the natural abundances of the two naturally occurring isotopes of lithium are shown in the table below:

• Which numerical setup can be used to determine the atomic mass of lithium?– (0.075)(6.02 u) + (0.925)(7.02 u)– (0.925)(6.02 u) + (0.075)(7.02 u)– (7.5)(6.02 u) + (92.5)(7.02 u)– (92.6=5)(6.02 u) + (7.5)(7.02 u)

I7

• The total number of protons, electrons and neutrons in each of four different atoms are shown in the table below. Which two atoms are isotopes of the same element?Atom Total Number of Protons Total Number of Electrons Total Number of Neutrons

A 5 5 7

D 6 6 8

X 7 7 8

Z 7 7 9

– A and D– A and Z– X and D– X and Z

ELECTRONS

E1

• Which electron configuration represents the electrons of a chlorine (Cl) atom in a ground state?– 1-8-8– 2-8-8– 2-7-8– 2-8-7

E2

• Which electron configuration represents a bromine (Br) atom in an excited state?– 2-7-18-6– 2-7-18-7– 2-7-18-8– 2-8-18-7

E3

• An electron in a silver atom moves from the third shell to the fourth shell. This change is a result of – Absorbing energy– Releasing energy– Gaining an electron– Losing an electron

E4

• When an excited electron in an atom moves to the ground state, the electron– Absorbs energy as it moves to a higher energy

state– Absorbs energy as it moves to a lower energy

state– Emits energy as it moves to a higher energy state– Emits energy as it moves to a lower energy state

E5

• The bright-line spectrum of copper is produced when energy is– Absorbed as electrons move from higher to lower

electron shells– Absorbed as electrons move from lower to higher

electron shells– Released as electrons move from higher to lower

electron shells– Released as electrons move from lower to higher

electron shells

E6

• During a flame test, a lithium salt produces a characteristic red flame. This red color is produced when electrons in excited lithium atoms– Are lost by the atoms– Are gained by the atoms– Return to lower energy states within the atoms– Move to higher energy states within the atoms

E7

• What must occur when an electron in an atom returns from a higher energy state to a lower energy state?– A specific amount of energy is released.– A random amount of energy is released.– The atom undergoes transmutation.– The atom spontaneously decays

E8

• The diagram below represents the bright-line spectra of four elements and a bright-line spectrum produced by a mixture of three of these elements.

• Which element is NOT present in the mixture?– A– D– X– Z

E9

• Compared to the energy and charge of the electrons in the first shell of a Be atom, the electrons in the second shell of this atom have– Less energy and the same charge– Less energy and a different charge– More energy and the same charge– More energy and a different charge

E10A

• An atom in an excited state has an electron configuration of 2-7-6– Explain, in term of subatomic particles why this

excited atom is electrically neutral.•

E10B

• Write the electron configuration of this atom in the ground state.

ANNOUNCEMENT

• MIDTERM – FRIDAY (TOMORROW)

AGENDA

• THE SCIENCE STARTER• R.A.C.E

ASSIGNMENTS

• SPEND THE REST OF THE TIME COMPLETING ANY MISSING WORKS.–LABS (3)–HOMEWORK (PAPER AND ONLINE)–MAKEUP QUIZES–WRITING ASSIGNMENT

AIM

• How does RACE help you provide a solid evidence-based response?

R.A.C.E

• R: Restate the question/writing prompt using key words• A: Assertion – what is your answer to the

prompt?• C: Citation- cite the evidence that proves

your answer from the text. This should be a direct quote from the book• E: Explain: Explain how the quote answer

the question/prompt with your own words and brings closure to the response

EXAMPLE WRITING• The goal of the main character, Brian, in

Hatchet is to go see his dad in the Canadian wilderness for summer vacation. It says in the story on page 7, “So this first summer when he was allowed to have “visitation rights” with his father, …, Brian was heading north.” This part was about Brian flying in a Cessna plane to go spend the summer with his father in the Canadian wilderness which is his goal in the story.

WRITING PROMPT

• Compare Oxygen-16 to Oxygen-18 (Include the words isotopes and neutrons).

Restate/Assertion

• Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18 are similar• Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18 are different• Since Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18 are

Cite

• As stated in the article,• As can be seen in the text,• Line 5 of paragraph 2 states

Explain

• Therefore,• Hence,• As a result,• The evidence clearly supports

COMPARISON

• Restate/Assertion = Claim• Cite = Evidence• Explain = Justify