ChemistryChemistryMatter and its PropertiesMatter and its Properties

Chapter 1 part IIChapter 1 part II

VolumeVolume

Volume is the amount of three dimensional space an object occupies.

MatterMatter

Matter has mass Matter has mass and takes up and takes up space.space.

On the left is grey On the left is grey mattermatter

MassMass

Mass is the amount Mass is the amount of matter an object of matter an object containscontains

Not this kind of Not this kind of massmass

Mass continuedMass continued

On Earth On Earth mass=weightmass=weight

This kind of mass!!This kind of mass!!

SubstanceSubstance

Matter that is Matter that is uniform and has a uniform and has a definite definite composition is composition is called a substance. called a substance.

Salt, Sodium Salt, Sodium Chloride, is a Chloride, is a substancesubstance

Not a SubstanceNot a Substance

Basic Building Blocks of Matter

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element.

Basic Building Blocks of Matter

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom.

Basic Building Blocks of Matter

A compound is a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

Properties and changes in MatterProperties and changes in Matter

Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter that is present.

volume mass the amount of energy in a

substance.

Properties and Changes in Matter

Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter present.

melting point boiling point density ability to conduct electricity ability to transfer energy as heat

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

A physical property A physical property is a quality or is a quality or condition of a condition of a substance that can substance that can be observed or be observed or measured without measured without changing the changing the substances substances composition.composition.

CCoolloorr SolubilitySolubility OdorOdor HardnessHardness DensityDensity Melting pointMelting point Boiling pointBoiling point Freezing pointFreezing point

States of MatterStates of Matter

SolidSolid

Solids have definite Solids have definite shape and definite shape and definite volumevolume

LiquidLiquid

Liquids are a Liquids are a definite volume but definite volume but indefinite shape.indefinite shape.

LiquidsLiquids

GasGas

Gas has indefinite Gas has indefinite volume and volume and indefinite shapeindefinite shape

PlasmaPlasma

Plasma is a high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms.

Physical changesPhysical changes

Changes that alter Changes that alter matter without matter without altering the altering the chemical chemical composition are composition are physical changesphysical changes

Physical changesPhysical changes

BoilBoil FreezeFreeze GrindGrind CutCut CrushCrush MeltMelt BreakBreak

CrackCrack BendBend DissolveDissolve CondenseCondense

Chemical Change versus Physical Chemical Change versus Physical ChangeChange

A chemical property relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances is called a chemical change or chemical reaction.

Chemical Properties and Chemical Chemical Properties and Chemical ChangesChanges

• The reactants are the substances that react in a chemical change.

• The products are the substances that are formed by the chemical change.

reactants products Carbon plus oxygen yields (or forms)

carbon dioxide. carbon + oxygen Carbon

dioxide

Properties of Reactants & ProductsProperties of Reactants & Products

Chemical and Physical ChangesChemical and Physical Changes

A A Physical Physical ChangeChange is a is a change in state change in state only. The original only. The original component or component or components components remains.remains.

A A Chemical Chemical ChangeChange is a is a reaction. A new reaction. A new component or component or components are components are formed.formed.

Chemical or Physical Change?Chemical or Physical Change?