1

]me-mSv Pnm ]m-bv

Ubv ]me-mSv

{]tXyI ]T-\-]-Xnck-X{w

(Ic-Sv)

hnP-b{io2014

samUyq 1, 2, 3

2

ck-X-{ -hn-j-b-ns s]mXp-hmbNne khn-ti-j-X-I

\psS Npp-]mSv F-s\-bmWv Dm-bn-cn-p--Xv? AXv \nn--s ]Zm--

fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I Fsm-s-bmWv ? Fsmw a\-n-em-p--Xn-\p ]T-\-amWv

ck-X-{w. Npp-]m-Sp-ambn t\cnp _-ap--Xn-\m ck-X{w ck-I-c-ambn ]Tn-m

Ignbpw.

]Zm-fpsS LS-\m-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv ck-X{w ]T-\-hn-j-b-am-Ip-Xv.

t\cnp ImWmt\m A\p- -hn--dn-bmt\m Ign-bm Nne hkvXp-X-I {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-n-

sm-mWv ]Zm--fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I hni-I-e\w sNp--Xv. AXn-\m Cu hkvXp-

X-I-fpsS hy-amb at\m-Nn-{X- Ipn-bpsS Nn-bn Dm-h-Ww. CXv cq]-s- p-I-gn-

m ck-X-{-]-T\w Ffp--ambnpS-pw.

Cu hnj-b-n Bi-b- ]d-bp--Xn\pw Fgp-Xp--Xn\pw {]I-Sn-n-p--Xn\pw

X\-Xmb Hcp mjbpw Ah-X-c-W-co-Xn-bp-ap-v. {]Xo-I-fpw Nn--fp-sams D]-tbm-Kn-

p-sIm-p Cu coXn t_m[y-s- m, ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p--hpw tIp a\-n-em-p-

-hpw hfsc efn-X-ambn Cu hnjbw ssIImcyw sNm-\m-hpw.

Bi-b-cq-]o-I-c-W-n ASn-m\ Bi-b--fp-am-bp ]c-kv]-c-_w Xncn--dn-

bp-Xv Gsd {]m[m-\y-ap Hm-Wv. Cu ]mc-kv]cyw t_m[y-s- m ck-X{w Gsd

lrZyhpw Bkzm-Zy-I-c-hp-am-Ipw.

hni-Zo-I-c-W--pdw hnkva-b-ap-Wp ]co-W \nco--W-v [mcmfw

Ah-k-c-sam-cp-m Ign-bp hnj-b-amWv ck-X-{w. Cu km[y-X-I {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-

p-tm ck-X{w Ipnv IuXp-I-ap-f-hm-p-Xpw Xmev]-cy-ap-Wp--Xp-ambn amdpw.

ck-X{w {]bm-k-ap hnj-b-am-Ip--Xn-\p Nne Imc-W-

l Npp-]m-Sp-am-bp _w a\-n-em-hmsX Bi-b-cq-]o-I-cWw \S-p--Xv.

l ASn-m\ Bi-b- kw_-nv hy-amb at\m-Nn-{X- cq]o-I-cn-m-\m-hm-

-Xv.

l ck-X-{-ns mj e-{]-Z-ambn {]tbm-Kn-m Ign-bm--Xv.

l ASn-m\ Bi-b--fp-am-bp ]mc-kv]cyw t_m[y-s-SmsX hkvXp-X-I a\-n-

em-p-Xpw [mc-W-I cq]-s-Sp--Xpw.

l ck-X{w IuXp-I-ap hnj-b-amnamp ]co-W \nco--W-v th{X

Ah-k-c- e`n-msX Bi-b-cq-]o-I-cWw \S-p--Xv.

s]mXp-hmb Nne Imc-W-

l Fgp-nepw hmb-\-bn-ep ]nm-m-h-.

l Fgp-n\pw hmb-\pw th{X kabw sNe-h-gn-m--Xv.

3

l IrXy-amb ]T-\-k-a-bhpw coXnbpw {Iao-I-cn-m--Xv.

l mkv {]h-\--fn ]q-amb ]m-fn--an-m--Xv.

l ]T-\-ku-I-cy--fpsS A]-cym-]vX-X.

s]mXp-hmb Imc-W- kvIqfns Iqmb {ia-n-eqsS Gsd-psd ]cn-l-cn-m-\m-

Ipw. Ah-sbmw ]cn-l-cn-p-I-gn-mepw ck-X-{-hn-j-b-ns X\Xp Imc-W- ]cn-

l-cn-p-tm-gmWv Cu hnj-b-n Ipn-Iv apt-dm-\m-hp-I. AXns D-c-hm-ZnXzhpw

AXn-\p-th-n-bp {]h-\-fpw Gs-Sp-t-Xv \psS Npa-X-e-bm-sW Xncn--dn-

hmWv Ipn-Ip-th-n-bp Hcp {]tXyI ]T\ ]cn-]m-Snv cq]w-\Im-\n-S-bm-n-b-Xv.-

B-ZyLsa \ne-bn ]mw-m-kn-emWv Cu {]h\w XpS-n-sh-p--Xv. XpSv

CXv 8, 9 mkpI-fn-tepw A\p- -h--fpsS shfn--n hym]n-n--Ww. 3 samUyq-fp-I-fmWv CXn-\p-thn Xm-dm-n-bn- p--Xv. CXn-eqsS ]q-tXm-Xn IS-p-t]mbn Hmtcm

{]h-\-n-tbpw Dt-iyhpw {]{In-b-Ifpw t{ImUo-I-c-Whpw a\-n-em--Ww. {]h-

\-n-\m-h-iy-amb kma-{Kn-I-sfmw apIqn Xm-dm-n-sh--Ww. Ipn-Iv Xmev]-cy-ap-

Wp Xc-n Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xn-\p-th Fm km[y-X-Ifpw {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-

Ww Fv {]tXyIw Hmn-p-a-tm.

4

{]h-\-{Iaw

{]h\w 1 ( teml--fpsS s]mXp khn-ti-j-X-I a\-n-em-p--Xn-\v)

l Ipn-I-fp-ambn kulrZ kw`m-j-W-n-tes-Sp-p. {]h\ ey--sf-p-dnpwGs-Sp-t Npa-X-e-I-sf-p-dnpw [mcW \Ip-p.

l \nXy-Po-hn-X-n Ghpw ]cn-Nn-X-amb teml- env sNp--Xn\v \nt-in-pp.

l GXm\pw t] Ah-X-cn-n-p-p. t_mUn env sNp-p. (3 an\n-v)

]me-mSv Pnm ]m-bv

hnP-b{io2014

{]tXyI ]T-\-]-Xn ck-X{w

samUyq 1

bqWnv 4 teml-

s]mXp \nt-i-l cp samUyq-fp-I teml- F bqWn-n \npw Ds-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p.l samUyq-fp-I {]mhn-I-am-p-tm {in-t-h

IrXy-amb Bkq-{XWw Hmtcm {]h-\-n-sbpw Dt-iy-s-p-dnpw {]{In-b-I-sf-p-dn-p-ap

hy-amb [mc-W. Hmtcmpw t{ImUo-I-cn-t--sX-s\ F-Xn-s\-p-dn-p [mc-W. {]h-\-m-h-iy-am-b-{Xbpw kma-{Kn-I Xm-dm- ^e-{]-Z-ambpw ka-b-_-n-X-ambpw {]h-\- ]qn-bm-p--Xn-\p

apsm-cpw

env sNp--Xn

Ccp-v, sNv, Aep-an-\nbw, kzw, shn Fn-h-bmWv Dm-hp-I. (CXv apgp-h\pwhn- n-s-n Hmtcm-n-tbpw D]-tbm-K-hp-ambn _-s tNmZy- tNmZnv Ipn-Iv]d-bm-\-h-k-c-sam-cp--Ww.)

l tNmZyw tNmZn-mw

FvsIm-mWv Ch Gsd ]cn-Nn-X-am-bXv? s]mXp N t{ImUo-I-cWw ({]-Xn-I-cn-m aSn ImWn-p-p-sh-n kqN-\-I \I-Ww. Ccpv Fhn-sS-sbm-s-bmWvIn- p-Xv? Aep-an-\nbw Fsms Bh-iy-mWv D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv?)

l t{ImUo-I-cn-t-Xv

\nXy Pohn-X-n \nc-h[n k --fn D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xp-sIm-mWvCh \-hw ]cn-Nn-X-am-b-Xv.

5

Fn

l teml--fpsS D]-tbm-K- Fsm-s-bm-sWv Ipdn-p-p.

l sNdp {Kqp-I-fn ]p-sh-bvp-p. (A-Sp-n-cn-p-h / Hcp s_n-en-cn-p-h)

l Ah-X-cn-n-m- Bh-iy-sSp-p. D]-tbm-K- t_mUn env sNbvXv t{ImUo-I-cn-p-p. (10 an\n-v)

t{ImUo-I-cn-tXv

Ccpv (A-tb)l Bbp-[-, kma-{Kn-I Fnh Dm-ml sInS \nm-W-n\vl ]me- Dm-p--Xn\vl hml-\-, b{- Fnh Dm-ml Sh-dp-I-fpsS \nm-W-n\vl ^Wo--dp-I Dm-ml sdbn ]mf--fp-m-ml sKbvv, {Kn XpS-n-bh Dm-ml

kzw, shn

l B -c-W--fp-m-ml

Aeq-an-\nbwl ]m{X- Dm-ml ^Wo--dp-I, taq-c-I

Fn-hbvvl sshZypX sse\p-Ivl ^m{_n-t-j hp-Ivl

tIm (sN-v)l kIyq- p-I-fn Nme-I-ambnl tamtm-dp-I, P\-td--dp-I Fn-

h-bp-m-ml ]m{X--fp-m-m.l

D]-tbm-K-

tNmZyw tNmZn-mw

Ccw D]-tbm-K-v Hmtcm teml--tfbpw {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-p--Xn\v Ah-bvpkhn-ti-j-X-I Fsm-s-bmWv?

l GXm\pw t]v {]Xn-I-cn-m-\-h-kcw \Ip-I. (CXv Ipdp kabw sImv ]qn-bm-p-p)

l Ipn-Isf teml--fpsS t]cv ]dv 5 {Kqm-p-p.

l teml--fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I Fgp-Xnb Ipdnv hmb-\-mbn \Ip-p. ( 3 an\n-v)

hmb-\m-p-dn-n Dm-th-Xv (Hmtcm Ipnpw e`n-p--Xn-\p-th {Iao-I-c-W-sam-cp-Ww)

l teml-sf ASn-p-]-cn XIn-Sp-I-fm-mw. Cu khn-ti-j-X-bmWv amen-b-_n-ennl henp \on (sN-dp-Zzm-c--fn-eqsS IS-n-hn- v) In-I-fm-mw. CXns\ UIvknenn

Fv ]d-bpw.l teml--sfmw sshZyp-Xnbpw Xm]hpw IS-n-hn-Spw. sshZypX Xm] Nme-I-fmWv.l kzX-{-ambn Xqn-bn teml--fn Xn-bm apg--ap-m-Ipw. CXns\ skm\mcnn

Fp ]dbpw.l Fm teml--fp-tSbpw ]pXp-Xmbn apdn `mK--fn Xnf--ap-m-Ipw. CXmWv

teml-Zyp-Xn.l Ch-sbmw s]mXpsh Jc-]-Zm--fm-Wv. km{-X, ImTn\yw Fnh s]mXpsh

IqSp-X-em-Wv.

6

l hmbnv Ipdn-n-ep Imcy- \mbn a\-n-em-m Ah-k-c-sam-cp-p-I.

l 3 an\n-n\p tijw hmb-\m-p-dnv XncnsI hmp-p. I-S-n-cpv hmbnp a\-n-em-n-bh Hms-Sp-m \nt-in-p-p.

l Fmw Hmp ]d-bm Ign-bp--hsc Isn {]tXyIw A`n-\-n-p-atm.

l GXm\pw Fw ]d-bm Ign-bp--hsc Is-p-p. A`n-\-n-p-p.

l {]h-\-n {i sNepn sNbvXm Bpw CXv km[y-am-Ip-sav t_m[y-s-Sp-p-p. teml--fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I hy-am-p hoUntbm nnwKv ImWm-\-h-k-c-sam-cp-mw. GsXmw?

l AXn-\p-tijw teml--fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I ImWmsX Ipdn-m-\-h-kcw \Ipp.

(3 an\n-v)

So-tdmSv:

efn-X-amb Hcp Imcyw t\cnv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-mepw Nne-tm a\-nem-Im-sa-nepwChnsS ]d-bp--h-sbmw Ipn-Iv Gsd-qsd ]cn-Nn-X-am-b-Xn-\m Ahp ]d-bm\pw{]hn-m\pw Ffp--am-bn-cn-pw. ]d-bp-tmgpw {]Xn-I-cn-p-tmgpw e`n-p t{]mm-l-\-fpw A`n-\-\ hmp-Ifpw Ah-cpsS Bfl-hn-izmkw hn-n-pw. X\np ]Tn-m\pw]d-bp-hm\pw Ign-bp-sav tXm-ep-m-Ip-tm XpSp hcp {]h\fn IqSp-X-embn ]sSpm XpS-pw. CXv Ipn-bpsS [mc-W-I sa-s-Sp-pw. ]co--I-fn \-co-Xn-bn {]Xn-I-cn-pw. AXp-sImv XpS--n-ep {]h-\--fm-b-Xn-\m kqv-a-ambnBkq-{XWw sNbvXv Ipn-I-fpsS Xmev]cyw \jvS-s-Sp-msX ka-b-_-n-X-am-bn-s]qn-bm-m {ian--Ww. AtXm-sSmw Ah-kcw Inp-tm-sgms Ipn-Iv t_m[y-amhpw hn[w Ahsc s]mXp-shbpw hyn-K-X-ambpw A`n-\-n-m\pw t{]mm-ln-n-m\pwHcn-epw Dt] ImWn--cp-Xv. ad--cp-Xv.

{]h\w 2 (temlfpsS cmk-kz- m-hhpw {Inbm-ioe t{iWnbpw Xncn--dn-bp--Xn-\v)

l teml--fpsS cmk-kz- m-hw, ]ntcm-tbm-UnIv tS_nfpw teml-kz- m-hhpw Xn-ep_w, ]ncn-tbm-UnIv tS_n-fn teml- ImWp {Kqp-I/ tmp-I XpS-nb hkvXp- tcJ-s-Sp-nb Ipdnv hmb-\-mbn \Ip-p. (2 an\n-v)

hmb-\m-p-dn-n Dm-th-Xv:

teml-: cmk-{]-h-\-n Ce-Ivt{Sm hnp-sIm-Spv t]mkn-ohv Atbm-Wp-I-fmbn amdp aqe-I-. Chsb Ce-Ivt{Sm- t]m-kn-ohv aqe-I-Fp ]d-bpw.

teml-kz- mhw: Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I hnp-sIm-Spv t]mkn-ohv Atbm-Wp-I-fmbn amdm-\pIgn-hv.

teml-kz- m-hhpw ]ncn-tbm-UnIv tS_nfpw

]ncn-tbm-UnIv tS_n-fn ]nco-Un he-tmv t]mIp-tmdpw teml-kz- mhw Ipd-bpw. {Kqn Xmtgmp hcp-tmdpw teml-kz- mhw IqSpw. teml- ]ncn-tbm-UnIv tS_nfnCS-Xp- m-K-mWv ImWp--Xv. 1 apX 12 {Kqp-hscbp-h-sbmw teml--fm-Wv. AXmbXvs tmv aqe-I--fpw, d tmv aqe-I--fpw.

7

l ]ncn-tbm-UnIv tS_n-fns heXv / CSXv / Xmsg / apI-fn Fnh Nqn-mn ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-I.

l ]ncn-tbm-UnIv tS_n- {]Zin-nv hmbn Imcy- Hp-IqSn Ddphcp-p--Xn-\p Ah-k-c-sam-cp-p-p.

(s, d tmp-I {][m\ teml-, Ah-bpsS {]Xo-I-, Atm-anI \......)

l {Inbm-ioe t{iWn, {Inbm-ioe t{iWn-bn teml--fpsS {Iao-I-cWw Fnh Fgp-Xnb Nm v {]Zin-n-pp/ t_mUn-F-gp-Xp-p. ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-p.

l Nmns\ Bkv]-Z-amn GXm\pw tNmZy- tNmZn-p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS Dcw Nm vt\mn Is-m-\-h-kcw \Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. GsXmw tNmZy--fmImw?

tNmZy-

l {Inbm-ioe t{iWn-bn F{X teml--fpv?l \nXy-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn _-s v ]cn-Nn-X-ambh GsXms? Fhn-sS-sbms?l tIp ]cn-N-b-ap-h GsXms?l {Inbm-ioew IqSn-b-tXXv? Ipd--tXXv?

l D-c- Ah-X-cn-n-p-p. s]mXp N icn-bp--c- Xncn--dn-bm-\-hkcw

So-tdmSv:

Hcp sao-cn-b hmbnv tNmZy-v Dcw Is-p--sX--s\-sbv t_m[y-s-Sp--Xn\p thn-bmWv Cu {]h\w \S-p--Xv. XpSp-h-cp {]h-\-vklm-b-I-hp-amWv Cu {]h-\w. AXp-t]mse {Inbm-ioe t{iWn Nmn FgpXn D]-tbm-Kn-p--XmWv DNn-Xw. As-n t_mUn ]e-{]m-hiyw ambvv Fgp-tXn hcpw.CXv ka-b-\-jvShpw hcp-pw. IqSmsX Nmv t]-dn Fgp-Xn-bXv nc-ambn mn{]Zin-n-mw. CXv shdp-sX-bn-cn-p ka-b--fn ]e-tm-gmbn hmbn-m-\-h-kcw\Ipw. Bkq-{X-W-n Cm-cy- IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-p-I. \nt-i-fpw D]-tZ-i-fpwAan-X-am-In--tm.

l Hcp {]mhiyw Nmv hmbn-m-\-h-k-c-sam-cpn ad-p-sh-p-p.

l Hcp tNmZyw tNmZnv Fgp-Xm-\-h-kcw \Ip-p.

F{X teml--fpsS t]cv {Ia-n-se-gp-Xm-\mhpw? (1-1 an\nv)

{Ia-n-e-s-nepw F{X teml--fpsS t]sc-gp-Xm-\mIpw? (1 an\nv)

l BZyw {Ia-n-se-gp-Xn-b-hsc (Hcp \nnX F-sa-n-epw) Is-p-p. F{X FwFgp-Xn-sbv Ah-X-cn-n-p-p. A`n-\-n-p-p. AXn-\p-tijw Adn-bp teml--fpsSsbmw t]sc-gp-Xn-b-hsc Isn A\p-tam-Zn-p-p. (5 an\n-v)

XpSv Ipn-Iv Hcp hmKvZm\w \Ip-p.

ASp 10 an\nv {i-tbmsS Rm ]d-bp coXn-bn {]hn-m {Inbm-io-e-t{i-Wn-bnse 15 teml--fp-tSbpw t]cp-I {Ia-n ]d-bm-\m-Ipw. F{X t] Xm?

{]Xn-I-cn-m-\-h-kcw \Ip-p.

l {i-tbmsS {]hn--W-sav Hp-IqSn Hm-s-Spn Nm v hopw {]Zin-n-p-p. XpSv Xmsg-]-d-bp {]{In-b-I-fn-eqsS IS-p-t]m-Im-\-h-k-c-sam-cp-p-p.

8

{]{Inb

l an\nv ka-bw, BZy 5 Fw \mbn hmbn-p-I. I-S-n-cpv a\-n HmpI.Ign-bpnsn Ip-Xp-dv hmbn-p-t\mn hopw Bhn-p-I. ]d-bm Ign-bp-sa-p-d-m-bm Fgp-tp \np-I. ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw t] Fgp-t-p-I-gn-mBZyw Fgp-t Ipn-pw GXm\pw t]pw ]d-bm\-h-k-c-sam-cp-p-I.

So-tdmSv:

]d-bp-sa-p-d-p--hsc {]tXyIw t]cp-]-dv hnfnv ]d-bm-\-h-k-c-sam-cp-pI. Ipd-p-t]v ]d-bm Ign-bp-Ibpw Ahsc A`n-\-n-p-Xv tIp-Ibpw sNbvXm _mn-bp--h {ian-p-Xp-S-pw. (sN-dnb Ipn- ap-X {]mb-am-b-hhsc A`n-\-\w e`n-mB{K-ln-m--h-cmbn Bcp-an. Bkz-Zn-m--h-cmbpw AXp-sImv sNbvX Imcyw]dv A`n-\-n-m ]nipp ImWn-cp-Xv). cmw-Lw {]h\w XpS-p-tm-tgpwIqSp-X {ian-pw. Hw A`n-\-n-p--Xn\v sshhn-[y-am coXn-I {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp--Ww. Ftmgpw I-Sn-p-]-Icw Nne-tm-sgms shake hand \Intbm, anSp-/anSpnFp-]-dv ]pd-p-Xn A`n-\-ntm Hs CXp-sN-mw.

l an\nv kabw : ASp 5 Fw. XpSv 3, 2 Fn-s\ hmbnv ImWmsX ]d-bm Ah-k-c-sam-cp-p-p. C{]m-hiyw ]d-bp-tm BZyw-ap-X ]d-bm \ntiw\Ip-I. Bsms AXn\p Ign-bp-p-shv Is-p-I. A`n-\-n-p-I. CXn\pIgn-bm--hv hmbn-p-a-\-n-em-n-bXv ]d-bm-\-h-kcw \Ip-I. apgp-h ]d-bmt{]mm-ln-n-p-I.

XpSv

l IpnIv Hmtcm-cp-pw teml--fpsS cmk-kz- mhw hy-am-p ]nI\Ipp. BZy 2 tImf- Xmc-Xayw sNp--Xn\v Ah-kcw \Ip-p. (]- nIA\p-_--ambn \Ip-p-v).

l Hcp tNmZyw tNmZn-p-p.

{Inbm-io-e-t{i-Wnsb F{X-bmbn Xcw-Xn-cn-n- pv? GsXms? F-s\-bmWv?

l D-c-sa-gp-Xm-\-h-kcw Hcp-p-p. AhX-cn-n-p-p. t{ImUo-I-cn-p-p.

t{ImUo-I-cn-t-Xv

{Inbm-io-e-t{i-Wnsb \membn Xcw-Xn-cn-n- p-v.

1. {Inbm-ioew IqSn-bh (s]m- mkyw (K) apX Aep-an-\nbw (Al) hsc)2. anX-amb {Inbm-io-e-ap-h (knv (Zn) apX seUv (Pb) hsc)3. {Inbm-ioew Ipd-h [tIm- (Cu), sapdn (Hg), knh (Ag)]4. {Inbm-ioew Cm-h / \njv{Inbw : (m-n\w (Pt), kzw (Au)]

]co-Ww

l Hmtcm hn`m-K-ns-Sp teml-fpw hmbp, shw, t\ BknUv Fn-h-bp-am-bp {]h\w ImWm-\-h-k-c-sam-cp-p-p. ]co-Ww sNbvXp-Im-Wn-pp.

9

Bh-iy-amb kma-{Kn-I

l e`y-am-m Ign-bp 7 teml (Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Sn, Cu).

l 2 _o-dp-I, sSv Syq_p-I Bh-iy-ap--{Xbpw (Np-cp-n-bXv 12 F-sa-n-epw)

l shw (X-Wp-Xpw Aev]w NqSp--Xpw), t\ BknUv

{]{Inb

l 7 teml- ImWm-\-h-k-c-sam-cp-p-p. GsXms hn`m-K-ns-Sp-p-shv Ipdn-m-\-h-kcw \Ip-p.

l Na Hcp _o-dnse sh-n-en-Sp-p. ImWm-\-h-kcw \Ip-p. (h-fsc sNdnbIjWw CSp-I).

l 6 sSv Syq_p-I-fn XWp shhpw asmcp 6 F-n NqSp-sh-hpwFSppI.

l 6 teml--fpsS sNdnb Ij-W- Hmtcm-n-embn CSp-I.

l \nco-n-m-\pw- {]-h\w Xmc-Xayw sNm\pw Ah-kcw \Ip-p.

l XWp--shw am{Xw Hgn-p-I-fv AXn-tev t\ HCl Hgn-p-p.

(HCl Hgn-p-tm {Inbm-ioew Ipd--h-bn BZyhpw IqSn-b-h-bn Ah-km\hpwhcp hn[-n Hgn--Ww).

l Fm sSv Syq_p-Ifpw \nc-n-shv {]h\w ImWm-\-h-kcsamcp-p-p.

l ]co--W--fpsS \nco--W- -e- ]n-I-bnse tcJ-s-Sp--ep-I-fp-ambn Xmc-XaywsNm-\-h-kcw \Ip-p.

XpSv

l Fm Ipn-Ipw ]n-Isb ASn-m\amn Xm-dm-nb Hcp tNmZym-hen \Ipp.(tNmZymhen A\p-_--ambn \In-bn- p-v)

l 15 an\nv kabw \Ip-p.

l tNmZy-p Dcw ]n-I-t\mn Is-n-sb-gp-Xp--Xn\v Ah-k-c-sam-cp-pp.

So-dpsS {ibvv

]T-\-n Bfl-hn-izmkw Ipd Ipn-bm-b-Xn-\m BZy-L- -sa\nev hmb-\m-km-a{Kn t\mn D-c-sa-gp-Xm-\-h-k-c-sam-cp-p-p. tNmZyw hmbnvkzbw Dcw Is-m-\m-Ip-sa tXm Bfl-hn-izmkw hfm\pwXpSp {]h-\--fn t\mmsX D-c-sa-gp-Xm-\p-ap Ign-hp-m-Ip-sav HmpI.

l 15 an\n-n-\p-tijw ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-m-\-h-k-c-sam-cp-p-p.

{]{Inb:

l Hcp s_nse Ipn-I-fpsS D-c--S-em-kp-I asmcp s_nse Ipn-Iv ssIam-dp-p.

l D-c- hmbn-p-t\m-m \ntiw \Ipp.

10

l s]mXp-N-bn-eqsS icn-bmb D-c- Xncn--dn-bp-p. Fgp-Xn-bXv hne-bn-cpnkvtIm \Ip-p.

l hne-bn-cp- Ign-m BsI kvtIm Iqn D-c--S-emkv XncnsI \ImAh-k-c-sam-cp-p-p.

(\ntiw : i_vZ-ap-m-msX e-p-\npw Fgp-tv D-c--S-emkv DS-a-\v \In-hcnI)

l kvtIm sNbvXXv icn-bmtWm Fv hne-bn-cp-p-p. t]mcm-bva-I-fp-s-n A[ym-]n-Isb t_m[y-s-Spn Xncp-p-p.

l anI / sa-s / t`Z-s kvtIm t\Sn-b-hsc {]tXyIw A`n-\-n-p-p. \mbn{ian-m Fm-hpw anI kvtIm t\Sm-\m-Ip-sav t_m[y-s-Sp-p-p. t{]mm-ln-n-p-p.

Bh-iysan s]t^m-akv Xmc-Xayw sNp--Xn-\p-thn Cu kvtIm A[ym-]n-Ibvv tiJ-cnv tcJ-s-Sp-n-sh-bvmw.

So-tdmSv

l ]c-kv]cw ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-p Cu {]{In-b-bn-eqsS So-dpsS hne-bn-cp- {]{In-b-bpsS {]b-Xv\hpw ka-bhpw eLq-I-cn-m-\m-Ip-p-shveLp-hmb t\ -n-\p-]p-d-sa, Ipn-Iv X ]Tn Bi-b-sf aqpL --fn-embn Xmc-Xayw sNm\pw sa-s-Sp-m\pw Ign-bp-p.

1. Iqp-Imcs / Iqp-Im-cn-bpsS D-c--S-emkv BZyw hmbn-p-tm.

2. s]mXp-N-bn-eqsS icn-bp--c- Xncn--dnv kvtIm \Ip-tm.

3. kzw D-c--S-em-kn \Inb kvtImdp-I-sfmw icn-bm-sWvDd-p-h-cp-p-tm.

(aq-mw-L- -n-emWv AXv Ghpw IrXy-X-tbmsS Xncn--dn-bp--Xv.ImcWw X\np e`n-t bYm kvtIm t\Sn-sb-Spv anI{]I-S\w \S-n-sbv kzbw t_my-s-Sm\pw A[ym-]-I-t\bpwIqp-Im-tcbpw t_m[y-s-Sp-m-\p-ap Ah-kcamWXv).

l AXn-\p-]p-dsa Hcp tNmZy-n\v D-c-sa-gp-tX--sX--s\-sbv Xncn--dn-bp--Xn\pw kvtIm \Ip--sX--s\-sbv a\-n-em-p--Xn\pw Ah-kcw e`n-p-p.

Ipn-bpsS kzbw hne-bn-cp-

NphsS tN tNmZy- Hmtcm-mbn t_mUn Fgp-Xmw. AXn-\p {]Xn-I-cWw IpdpIpn-I (3-4) ]d-b-s. XpSv t\mn Ipdn-n-Sm ]d-bmw.

1. Cv sNbvX-h-bn Ghpw CjvS-s {]h-\w.

2. a\-n-em-m Ctmgpw {]bm-k-ap--Im-cyw.

3. Ffpw a\-n-em-m Ign Imcy-.

4. km[m-c-W-bm-bp mkn\npw CXn-\p {][m\ hyXym-kw.

11

{]h\w 1 : (Kmh-\nIv skns khn-ti-j-X-I a\-n-em-p--Xn-\v)

l Hcp Kmh-\nIv sk Dm-p hn[w ImWm-\-h-kcw \Ip-p.

l Bh-iy-amb D]-I-c-W-fpw kma-{Kn-Ifpw

knv Zfiv (Zn) tIm Zfiv (Cu) knv kt^v emb\n (ZnSo

4)

tIm kt^v emb\n (CuSo4)

s]mmkyw tmssdUv emb\n (KCl) ^n t] Kmh-t\m-ao- IW- hb-dp-I cp _o-dp-I

l {]h\-ns {]{In-b

knv Zfipw tImZfipw ImWn-p-sIm-Spv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-p.

{Inbm-ioew IqSn-bXpw Ipd-Xpw GsXv Fgp-Xp--Xn\v \nt-in-p-p.(C-e-Ivt{Sm hnp-sIm-Sp-m Ignhp IqSp-X-ep-Xv GXv Fpw Fgp-Xp-p)

Hcp _o-dn Zn So4 emb\n FSp-p-p. AXn Zn Zfiv Cd-n-sh-bvp-p.

({]-h-\--tfm-tcmpw Ipn-I ImWp--hn-[-n ]d-p-sIm-mWv sNt-Xv).

asmcp _o-dn CuSo4 emb\n FSp-p-p. AXn Cu Zfiv Cd-n-sh-bvpp.

cp Zfip-Ifpw Hcp Kmh-t\m-ao- hgn ]c-kv]cw _n-n-p-p.

^n t] Npcpn KCl emb-\n-I apn cp emb-\n-Ifpw Xn _n-n-p-p.

Kmh-t\m-ao- kqNn-bn-ep-m-Ip amw \nco-n-m-\-h-kcw \Ip-p.

^n t] \ow-sNbvXpw shp-sIm-Sppw amw \nco-n-m-\-h-kcw\Ipp.

Hcp tNmZyw tNmZn-p-p.

Kmh-t\m-ao- kqNn Nenm\p Imc-W-sav?

(Kmh-t\m-ao- Hcp kIyq- n sshZypXn Dtm F-dn-bm-\p D]-I-c-W-am-sWv t_m[y-s-Sp--Ww)

s]mXp-Nbpw t{ImUo-I-c-Whpw

]me-mSv Pnm ]m-bv

hnP-b{io2014

samUyq 2

bqWnv 4 teml- (Xp-S)

{]tXyI ]T-\-]-Xn ck-X{w

12

Ipn-Iv Kmh-\nIv skns {]h\w hni-Z-am-p Hcp hmb-\m-km-a{Kn\Ip-p. (A-\p-_--ambn \Ip-p-v) (hy-n-K-Xw).

3 an\n-p-t\cw {i-tbmsS hmbn-p-t\m-p--Xn\v Ah-k-c-sam-cp-p-p.

A[ym-]n-I-bpsS kmn-y-n Hmtcmpw hmbnv hni-Z-am-p-p.

10 an\n-p-sImv D-c-sa-gp-Xm \nt-in-p-p.

ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-p-p. (ap]v sNbvX {]{Inb hgn)

kvtIm \Ip-p. e`n kvtImdp-I-\p-k-cnv Ipn-Isf A`n-\-n-p-p.

l kIyq- n sshZypXn Dm-Zn-n--s- p.

l knn\npw tIm-dn-te-mWv sshZypXn {]h-ln-n- p-m-hp-I. (knv {Inbm-ioew IqSnb teml-am-b-Xn-\m Ffpw Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-Isf hnp-sIm-Sp-p-p).

l KCl apnb ^n t] emb-\n-Isf _n-n-p-tm-gmWv sshZypXn{]h-ln-p--Xv. CXns\ kmv {_nUvPv Fp-]-d-bpw.

l Cu hn[w sshZypXn Dm-Zn-n-p {Iao-I-c-W-amWv Kmh-\n-Iv sk.

t{ImUo-I-cn-t-Xv

13

{]h-\-{Iaw

l Ce-Ivt{Sm hn\ym-khpw ]ncn-tbm-UnIv tS_nfpw Xn-ep _w Is-p--Xn-\p hmb-\m-p-dnv Hmtcm-cp-pw \Ip-p. (hm-b-\m-p-dnv A\p-_--ambn \In-bn- p-v).

l Hcp-{]m-hiyw apgp-h-\mbn {in-p-hm-bn-p--Xn\v Ah-kcw \Ip-p. (]-c-am-h[n7 an\n-v)

l XpSv A[ym-]nI tNmZy- tNmZn-p-p. hmb-\m-km-a-{Kn-bn\npw DcwIs-n-sb-gp-Xp--Xn\v Ah-k-c-sam-cp-p-p. ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-p-p. kvtIm\Ip-p.

tNmZy- tNmZn-p--Xn-tbpw D-c-sa-gp-tX--Xn-tbpw hne-bn-cp--en-tbpw {]{Inb

l Hcp tNmZyw tNmZn-pw. ]c-am-h[n cp-{]m-hiyw am{Xsa ]d-bp-I-bp-q. {in-p-tI-Ww.

l Dcw hmb-\m-p-dnv hmbn-p-t\mn Is-mw. ]s A\p-h-Zn-p ka-b-n-\p-n Dcw Is-n-sb-gp-X-Ww.

l kabw Ign-m ASp tNmZyw tNmZn-pw.

So {in-t-Xv

tNmZy- Fmhpw tIm Ign-bp Xc-n kmh-[m-\-n tNmZn--Ww.kabw Ign-m ASp tNmZyw XpS--Ww).

l aqv duv tNmtZym--c-]-cn-]mSn Dm-Ipw. Hmtcm dunepw 5 hoXw tNmZy--fp-m-Ipw.

l Hmtcm duv ]qn-bm-Ip-tmgpw D-c- s]mXp-N-bn-eqsS Is-p-p.hmb-\m-p-dn-n Fhn-sS-bmWv Dcw Fv a\-n-em-m Ah-kcw \Ip-p.D-c- ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-p-p.

({i-n-t-Xv : ssIamdn hnebncp-p-tm Hmtcm dunepw hyXy-kvX-cmb Iqp-Im-cpsS D-c--S-em-p-I BWv t\mt--Xv. Hcp-{]m-hiyw t\mnb BfpsS D-c- ]noSvhmn-m ]mSn-).

l Hmtcm dunepw hne-bn-cp- ]qn-bm-bm BsI e`n kvtIm Is-pp.A`n\n-p-p. kvtIm env Xm-dmn \Im eoUsd Npa-X-e-s-Sp-p-p.

(Hmtcm duv {]h-\-n\pw ]c-am-h[n 15 apX 18 an\n-p-I am{Xsa FSpmhq)

]me-mSv Pnm ]m-bv

hnP-b{io2014

{]tXyI ]T-\-]-Xn ck-X{w

samUyq 3

bqWnv 3 : Ce-Ivt{Sm hn\ym-khpw ]ncn-tbm-UnIv tS_nfpw(k-_vsj Ce-Ivt{Sm hn\ymkw FgpXn tmv, ]nco-Uv, {Kqv Fnh Is-p--Xn-\v)

14

l hmb-\m-p-dn-ns\ B[m-c-amn Hmtcm dunepw tNmZn-m-hp tNmZy--fpsSamXrI (sa--s ap tNmZy- Xm-dm-nbpw tNmtZym-c {]h\w \S-mw.

duv 1

1. Atm-anI \ Fm-sev? (1)

2. FmWv sjp-I? BsI F{X sjp-I-fpv? (2)

3. Hcp aqe-I-ns Atm-anI \ 9 BsW-n Ce-Ivt{Sm hn\ymkw (2)

Fgp-XpI.

4. Bdm-as sjnse d k_vsj-n 3 Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I-fp-v. CsX-s\ Npcp-n-sb-gp-Xmw? (1)

4. FmWv k_vsj? k_vsj-p-I GsXm-s-bmWv? (2)

duv 2

1. Hcp aqe-Ins B-nse Ghpw Duw Ipd sjpw Duw IqSnbsjpw GXv? (2)

2. Hcp sjn\v F{X k_vsj-p-I Dmhpw? d k_v sjn Dsm-m-hpCe-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I-fpsS Fw F{X? (2)

3. k_vsj-p-I-fpsS Duw IqSn-h-cp {Ia-taXv?

4. ]ncn-tbm-UnIv tS_n-fn\v F{X tmp-I-fpv? p tmv aqe-I- Fm-sev?

(2)

5. Atm-anI \ 17 Bb aqe-I-ns k_vsj Ce-Ivt{Sm hn\ymkw FgpXpI.

(2)

duv 3

1. Hcp aqe-I-ns _mly-sj-n Dsm-m-hp ]c-am-h[n Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I-fpsSFw F{X? (1)

2. Hcp aqe-I-ns Atm-anI \ Adn-m Fsms Ip-]n-Sn-m-\mhpw?

(1)

3. Hcp aqe-I-n\v 3 sjp-I-fp-v. CXn cm-as sjn\v F{X k_v sjp-I-fp-mhpw? (1)

4. Hcp aqe-I-ns k_vsj Ce-Ivt{Sm hn\ymkw 1S2 2S2 2p3. Cu aqe-I-nstmv, ]ncoUv, {Kqv Fnh Is-p-I.

5. kw{I-aW aqe-I--fpsS tmv GXv? Ch-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-I Fgp-Xp-I. (2)

Atm-anI \ :

Hcp aqeIns B-n-ep t{]mtm-Wp-I-fpsS F-am-Wn-Xv. t{]mtm-Wp-I F{X-bptm A{Xbpw Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-Ifpw Dm-bn-cn-pw. AXm-bXv Hcp aqe-I-ns B-n-ept{]mtm-Wp-I-fp-tSbpw Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I-fp-tSbpw Fw Xpey-am-bn-cn-pw. AXp-sImv Atm-an-I-\--dn\npw Ch-bpsS Fw Ip-]n-Sn-m-\m-hpw.

15

Ce-Ivt{Sm hn\ymkw :

\yqn-b-kn\p Nppw sjp-I-fnse k_vsj-p-I-fn Ce-Ivt{Sm {Iao-I-cn-n-cn-p coXn-bm-Wn-Xv.

sj :

l \yqn-b-kn-\p-Nppw Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I Dsm-p Du-\n-e. (Energy Level)

l ]c-am-h[n sjp-I-fpsS Fw 7 BWv. Chv K, L, M, N.... Fn-s\ t]cp-I\In-bn- p-v.

l \yqn-b-kn-t\m-S-Sp-p sjn\v Duw Ghpw Ipdhpw AI-se-bp sjn\vDuw IqSp-X-ep-am-bn-cn-pw. Hcm--n Duw Ipd sj K sjpw DuwIqSnb sj Ghpw ]pd-sa-bp sjp-am-bn-cn-pw.

l Du-ns Af-h-\p-k-cnv Hmtcm sjnepw Dsm-m-hp Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I-fpsS F-n\v Hcp IW-p-v. AXp-{]-Imcw K sjn 2Dw, L sjn 8Dw Msjn 18Dw, N sjn 32Dw hsc Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I Dm-Imw.

l Hcp aqe-I-ns _mly-sj-n Dsm-m-hp ]c-am-h[n Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I-fpsSFw 8 BWv.

l Hcp aqe-I-ns Atm-anI \ 15 BsW-n AXn 15 Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I-fp-mhpw. AXns Ce-Ivt{Sm hn\ymkw 2, 8, 5. Fn Atm-anI \ 11Bbmtem?

k_vsj :

Hmtcm sjn-ep-ap D] Du-\n-e-I-fm-Wn-h. D]-Du-\n-e-I-fn-emWv Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I Dm-hp-I. k_vsj-p-I s, p, d, f Fnh-bm-Wv. Hmtcm k_vsj-n\pw Hcp \nnXDu-ap-v. AX-\p-k-cnv AXn Dsm-p Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I-fpsS Fw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.AXp-{]-Imcw s k_vsj-n 2, p bn 6, dbn 10, f 14 Fn--s\-bmWv Ah-bn Dsm-m-hp ]c-am-h[n Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I.

Hcp sjn-ep k_vsj-p-I

Hmtcm sjn\pw k_vsj-p-I-fp-v. F{Xm-as sjmtWm A{Xbpw k_vsj-p-IDm-Ipw. AXm-bXv 5-mas sjn 5 k_vsj, cm-as sjn 2 k_vsj. AXp-{]-Imcw ]c-am-h[n k_vsj-p-I 7.

k_vsj-p-Isf kqNn-n-p hn[w :

k_vsjns {]Xo-I-ns CS-Xp-h-iv sj \ he-Xp- m-Kv apI-fn-embn Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I. AXm-bXv aqm-as sjnse p k_v sjn 4 Ce-Ivt{Sm FXv 3 p4

Fs-gp-Xpw. Hcp k_vsj ]d-bp-tm AtXm-Sp-IqSn sj \ IqSn tNv ]d-b-Ww.

k_vsj-p-I-fpsS Duw IqSn-h-cp {Iaw

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d. CXn\npw aqm-as sjnse d k_vsj-ns Duw\mem-as sjnse s k_v sjns Du-t-m IqSp-X-emWv Fp ]d-bmw.

k_vsj Ce-Ivt{Sm hn\ymkw

Duw IqSn-h-cp {Ia-n k_vsj-p-I-fn Ce-Ivt{Sm {Iao-I-cn-p coXn. Atm-anI \ 22. k_vsj Ce-Ivt{Sm hn\ymkw 1s2 2s2 2p2 3s2 3p2 4s2 3d2.

16

k_vsj Ce-Ivt{Sm hn\ym-k-ns ASn-m-\-n ]ncn-tbm-UnIv tS_n-fnse aqe-I-sf \membn Xcw-Xn-cn-n- p-v. Hmtcm-n-t\bpw tmp-I Fp-]-d-bpw.

l s tmv aqe-I- s k_vsj-n Ah-km\ CeIvt{Sm \nd-bp aqe-I-

l p tmv aqe-I- p k_vsj-n Ah-km\ CeIvt{Sm \nd-bp aqe-I-

l d tmv aqe-I- d k_vsj-n Ah-km\ CeIvt{Sm \nd-bp aqe-I-

l f tmv aqe-I- f k_vsj-n Ah-km\ CeIvt{Sm \nd-bp aqe-I-

s tmv 1, 2 {Kqv (C-S-Xp- m-K-v), p tmv 13 - 18 {Kqv (he-Xp- m-K-v) ({Kq-pI),

d tmv 3 - 12 {Kqv (s \pw p pw CSbvv 10 {Kqp-I)

k_vsj Ce-Ivt{Sm hn\ym-k-n\npw ]ncn-tbm-UnIv tS_n-fnse {Kqpw ]ncoUpwImWm.

]ncoUv k_vsj Ce-Ivt{Sm hn\ym-k-n Ghpw IqSnb sj \

(C-S-Xp- m-K-s-gp-Xnb \)

{Kqv s tmv aqe-I--fm-sW-n s k_vsj-nse Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I-fpsS Fw.

p tmv aqe-I--fm-sW-n p k_vsj-nse Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I-fpsSFtmSp-IqSn 12 Iqp-I.

d tmv aqe-I--fm-sW-n d k_vsj-ntebpw s k_vsj-ntebpwCe-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I-fpsS FtmSp-IqSn 12 Iqp-I.

d tmv aqe-I--fm-sW-n d k_vsj-ntebpw s k_vsj-ntebpwCe-Ivt{Sm-Wp-I Xn Iqp-I.

d tmv aqe-I--fmWv kw{I-a-W-aq-e-I-{]tXy-I-X-I

temlfm-Wv. \nd-ap kwbp---fp-m-pw. hyXykvX HmIvko-I-c-Wm-h--bp-v.]nco-Un KpW--fn kmay-X.

17

samUyq 1(A-\p-_-w)

{Inbm-io-e-t{i-Wnbpw teml--fpsS cmk-Kp-W-fpw

{Inbm-io-e-t{iWn {Inbm-ioew hmbp-hp-am-bp sh-hp-am-bp t\ BtZi kwbp---fpsS temlw

{]h\w {]h\w Bkn-Up-ambn KpWw ncX thXn-cn-

s]mmkyw (K)tkmUnbw (Na)Imkyw (Ca)aojyw (Mg)Aep-an-\nbw (Al)

{Inbm-ioewGhpw IqSn-bh

Cu-an-m hmbp-hntmepw HmIvkn-P-\p-ambn {]hnvHmIvssk-Up-I-fp-m-pp.

Cu-ap-s-nIm_-tW-p-I-fm-hpw.

tkmUnbw hscXWp shhp-ambn{]hnv ssl{U-P Dm-Ip-p.

NqSp sh-hp-ambn{]hnv ssl{U-P Dm-Ip-p.

Xo{h-ambn{]hnvssl{U-Ps\BtZiwsNpp.

GsX

mcp te

ml-

n\pw

AX

n\p X

msg-b

p a

t-sX

mcp te

ml-

tb

pw A

Xns

e

h-W

-n

\n

pw B

tZi

w sN

m

Ign-b

pw.

ncXGhpw IqSnbkwbp--

sshZypXhnt-jWwhgn

knv (Zn)Atb (C-cp-v) (Fe)\n (Ni)Sn (Sn)seUv (Pb)

anX-amb{Inbm-ioew

Dh

Cu-ns kmn-y-n hmbp-hnseHmIvkn-P-\p-ambn tNvHmIvssk-Up-I-fp-m-p-p.

\ocm-hn-bp-ambn{]hnv ssl{U-P Dm-Ip-p.

Xmtg-p-h-cp-tm{]h\w XoscIpd-bp-p.

sl{U-Ps\BtZiwsNpp.

Xmc-X-tay\ncX Ipdhv

Im_ /Im_tamtWm-IvsskUvD]-tbm-Knv

sNv (Cu)sapdn (Hg)knh (Ag)

{Inbm-ioewIpdh

Db NqSn (D-bXm]-\n-e-bn) A-co HmIvkn-P-\p-ambn{]-hn-p-p.

{]h-\-an {]h-\-an ncXXoscIpd-h

in-bmbnNqSm-n.

mn\w (Pt)kzw (Au)

{Inbm-ioewCmh

{]h-\-an {]h-\-an {]h-\-an kzX-{m-h--bn

ImWp-h

amen-\y-sf(Kmw-Kv)thXn-cnv

kz- n \ v{]h-\-an

18

samUyq 2

tNmZym-hen(A-\p-_-w)

1. {Inbm-ioe t{iWn-bpsS Hcp mKw \In-bn-cn-p-p.

aojyw (Mg)

Aep-an-\nbw (Al)

Atb (Fe)

tIm (Cu

knh (Ag)

Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-p tNmZy-v D-c-sa-gp-Xp-I.

(a) Aep-an-\n-bhpw tImdpw tNv Kmh-\n-Ivsk Dm-n-bm Bt\m-tUXv?ImtYm-tUXv?

(b) tIm, knh Fnh tNv Kmh-\n-Ivsk Dm-n-bm HmIvko-I-cWw\S-ptXXn?

(c) ao-jyhpw tImdpw tNp-m-p Hcp Kmh-\nIv skns Nn{Xw hc-bvpI.

(d) Ghpw IqSnb thm -X-bp sk e`n-m GsXms teml- Xn _n-n--Ww.

2. Hcp Kmh-\nIv skns Nn{Xo-I-c-W-amWv Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-p--Xv.

(a) Nn{X-nse sXp-I Fsmw?

(b) CXv Xncpn icn-bmb Nn{Xo-I-cWw \S-p-I.

(c) icn-bmb sknse Bt\m-tU-Xv, ImtYm-tUXv ?

19

samUyq 2

hmb\m kma{Kn

l cmk{]h-\-n\npw sshZypXn Dm-p {Iao-I-c-W-amWv Kmh-\nIv sk.

l Kmh-\nIv sk Dm-p hn[w:

w cp teml- FSp-p-I.

w Hc-v Hcp kIyqv hb LSn-n-p-I.

w Hmtcm teml--fp-sSbpw eh-W-em-b-\n-I Xm-dm-p-I.

w teml- Kmh-t\m-ao- hgn _n-n-p-I.

w km v {_nUvPv D]-tbm-Knv eh-W-em-b-\n-I _n-n-p-p.

l sshZyp-X-{]-hmlw Dm-I-Wsan Nme-I--fpsS A{K-n-S-bn Hcp s{]mjyhyXymkw Dm-I-Ww.

l Hcp Nme-I-ns A{K-n-Sbvv s]mjy hyXymkw Dm-m Ign-bp {Iao-I-c-W-amWv Kmh-\nIv sk.

l knv (Zn), knv kt^v (ZnSo4) emb-\n-bnepw, tIm (Cu) , tIm kt^v (CuSo4)

emb-\n-bnepw apn-shv _mly-kIyq v hgn Kmh-t\m-ao--dp-ambn _n-n-p-I. CsXmcpKmh-\nIv sk BWv. knv kt^pw tIm kt^pw km v {_nUvPv hgn _n-p-tm sshZypXn {]h-ln-pw.

l skn\v cv Ce-Ivt{Sm-Up-I-fp-v. Bt\mUpw ImtYmUpw

w Bt\mUv : HmIvko-I-cWw \S-p Ce-Ivt{SmUv / Ce-Ivt{Sm hnp-sIm-Sp-p-Xv / {Inbm-ioew IqSnb temlw.

w ImtYmUv : \ntcm-Ivko-I-cWw \S-p-Xv / Ce-Ivt{Sm kzoI-cn-p-Xv /{Inbm-ioew Ipd temlw.

l Hcp Kmh-\nIv skn {Inbm-ioew IqSnb temlw Bt\m-Umbpw {Inbm-ioew Ipdtemlw ImtYm-Umbpw amdp-p.

l Ghpw IqSnb sshZypXn e`n-m {Inbm-ioew Ghpw IqSnb temlhpw {Inbm-ioewGhpw Ipd temlhpw Xn tNv Kmh-\nIv sk Dm--Ww.

20

A\p-_w

tNmZym-henl Xn-cn-p ]n-Isb ASn-m-\-amn tNmZy-v D-c-sa-gp-Xp-I.

1. {Inbm-io-e-t{i-Wn-bnse GXm\pw teml- {Ia-n \In-bn-cn-p-p.tkmUnbw (Na)aojyw (Mg)Atb (Fe)tIm (Cu)mn\w (Pt)

CXns\ ASn-m-\-amn tNmZy-v D-c-sa-gp-Xp-I.

(a) Xn- p--h-bn {Inbm-ioew IqSn-bXpw {Inbm-ioew Ipd-Xpw GXv?

(b) Xnp teml--fn-semn\v ap-tem-l--sf-sbmw Ah-bpsS eh-W--fn\nv \nvBtZiw sNm Ign-bpw. GXm-WXv?

(c) Xn- p--h-bn Hcp teml-n\v asmcp teml-tbpw Ah-bpsS eh-W--fn\nvBtZiw sNm Ign-bn-. GXm-WXv?

(d) Xn- p--h-bn \ocm-hn-bp-ambn {]hnv ssl{UPs\ BtZiw sNm Ign-bpteml-taXv?

(e) Xn- p--h-bn \ocm-hn-bp-ambn {]hnv ssl{U-Ps\ BtZiw sNm Ign-bptemlw GXv?

(f) Xn- p--h-bn XWp sh-hp-ambn t\cnp {]hn-p teml-taXv?

(g) Cu-ns kmn-y-n am{Xw hmbp-hnse HmIvkn-P-\p-ambn {]hn-ptemlw?

(h) cmk-{]-h-\-n ]s-Sp-m teml-taXv?

(i) Cu-an-m hmbp-hntmepw A-co HmIvkn-P-\p-ambn t\cnp {]hn-ptemlw.

(j) t\n Bkn-Un\npw ssl{U-Ps\ BtZiw sNm Ign-bm teml-GsXms?

(k) Xn- p--h-bn anX-amb {Inbm-io-e-ap teml-taXv?

(l) Xn- p--h-bn hmbp, shw, t\ BknUv Fn-h-bp-am-sbmpw {]hn-mteml-taXv?

(m) Ghpw nc-X-bp kwbp--ap-m-p temlhpw Ipd nc-X-bp kwbp--ap-m-p temlhpw GXv?

(n) anX-amb {Inbm-io-e-ap teml- Ah-bpsS kwbp---fn \npw thXn-cn-s-Sp-p--sX-s\?

(o) Xn- p teml--fn kwbp NqSmn temlw thXn-cn-s-Sp-m Ign-bp teml-taXv?

(p) {Inbm-ioew IqSnb teml- Ah-bpsS kwbp---fn \npw thXn-cn-s-Sp-p--sX-s\?

(q) Xn- p teml--fn Cu am-ap-]-tbm-Knv thXn-cn-p teml-taXv?

21

samUyq-fn-s\-p-dnv A[ym-]-Is hne-bn-cp-

samUyq \- : .............

1. A[ym-]-Is t]cv :

2. kvqfns t]cv :

3. samUyq \nhln hvtjmv XnXn :

4. hvtjm-n ]s-Sp Ipn-I-fpsS Fw :

5. hvtjm-ns ssZLyw : .................................. aWn-q

6. hvtjmv \S-nb A[ym-]-I

l

l

l

7. hvtjm-n sNbvX {]h-\-

8. apgp-h Ipn-Ifpw Xmev]-cy-tmsS ]s-Sp {]h-\-

l l

l l

9. hvtjm-n ]s-Sp Ipn-I-fpsS ]T-\--gn-hp-I-fn \n-fpsS {i-bnsh

l

l

10. hvtjmv e-{]-Z-ambn \S-p--Xn t\cn {]bm-k-fpw shp-hn-fn-Ifpw

11. Cu hvtjmn Xmv ^e-{]-Z-ambn sNm Ign Imcy-; kwXr-]vXn-bpmb k - Fnh Ipdn-p-I.