Chemical Safety Storage and Disposal

CHEMICAL SAFETYSTORAGE AND DISPOSAL

Oral Biology Research Center

Faculty of Dentistry

Chulalongkorn University

1. Lack of knowledge about the harmful effect of chemical

reagents that maybe hazardous to the users, other lab members,

or environment

2. Don’t know how to store the reagent in a proper way

3. Have no idea how to dispose the reagents after usage

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Laboratory problem list

3

Unlabeled chemical reagents

Some chemicals are

incompatible, and should be

kept in different places.


place chemical reagents on the

floor

Did not tightly seal the cap of

chemical reagents

4


SDS

It is necessary to read the characteristic of chemicals and chemical

reagents before using from...

Safety data sheet

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1. documents from manufacturers

2. represent general information of the chemicals

such as safe handling, storage and disposal.

3. The Globally Harmonized System of

Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)

assigns SDS as one additional component to the

chemical name.

The older name: Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Section MSDS/SDS Safety Information Thai information

1 Identification of the substance/preparation and of the

Company/undertake

ขอมลเกยวกบสารเคม/เคมภณฑ/และบรษทผผลตและ

จ าหนาย

2 Hazards Identification ขมลระบความเปนอนตราย

3 Composition/Information on Ingredients สวนประกอบและขอมลสวนผสม

4 First Aid Measures มาตรการการปฐมพยาบาล

5 Fire Fighting Measures มาตรการผจญเพลง

6 Accidental Release Measures มาตราการการจดการเมอมการหกร วไหลของสารเคม

7 Handling and Storage ขอปฏบตในการใชและการเกบ

8 Exposure Controls/Personal Protection รกษาการควบคมการรบสมผสและการปองกนภยสวน

บคคล

9 Physical and Chemical Properties สมบตทางเคมและกายภาพ

10 Stability and Reactivity ความเสถยรและความไวตอการเกดปฏกรยา

11 Toxicological Information ขอมลดานพษวทยา

12 Ecological Information ขอมลเชงนเวศน

13 Disposal Considerations มาตรการการก าจด

14 Transport Information ขอมลการขนสง

15 Regulatory Information ขอมลเกยวกบกฎขอบงคบ

16 Other Information: update SDS information,

abbreviations

ขอมลอน

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7

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Hazards identification

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Handling and storage

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Stability and reactivity

ALL chemicals must be labeled !

The label should indicate at least information as

following :

�Name of the user

�Name of chemical reagent

�Date of bring-in/ opening/ expiration

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Hazardous Symbols(Globally Harmonized System for Classification

and Labeling of Chemicals, GHS)

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GHS hazard division

1. Physical hazards: pressure, explosion, flammability

2. Health hazards: organ irritation, carcinogenicity, acute

toxicity

3. Environmental hazards: to aquatic environment and to

air environment

Symbol Type Physical Hazards

Explosive

• Unstable explosives

• Explosives

• Self-reactive substances and mixtures

• Organic peroxides

Flammable

• Flammable gases/aerosols/ liquids/solids

• Self-reactive substances and mixtures

• Pyrophoric liquids/ solids

• Self-heating substances and mixtures

• Substances and mixtures, which in contact with water, emit

flammable gases

• Organic peroxides

Oxidizing

• Oxidizing gases

• Oxidizing liquids

• Oxidizing solids

Compressed

gas

• Compressed gases

• Liquefied gases

• Refrigerated liquefied gases

• Dissolved gases

Corrosive • Corrosive to metals14

Symbol Type Health Hazards

Toxic • Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation)

Harmful

• Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation)

• Skin irritation

• Eye irritation

• Skin sensitization

• Specific target organ toxicity following single exposure

• Respiratory tract irritation

• Narcotic effects

Health hazard

• Respiratory sensitization

• Germ cell mutagenicity

• Carcinogenicity

• Reproductive toxicity

• Specific target organ toxicity following single exposure

• Specific target organ toxicity following repeated exposure

• Aspiration hazard

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Symbol Type Environmental Hazards

Environmenta

l hazard

• Acute hazards to the aquatic environment

• Chronic hazards to the aquatic environment

Harmful • Ozone hazard

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National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) system

H

F

R

Special

-Hazard rating sign

-USA system for risk

assessment of work and

emergency response

-not symbol for universal

sigh as GHS

-possibly found in SDS or

labeling on chemical

containers to remind

workers is special issues

in precaution

-

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National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) system

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Chemical storage

Principles for proper storage:-proper labeling on container

-do not storage incompatible chemicals in the same

place

-follow the guideline of EPA’s Chemical Compatibility Chart

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Chemical storage

EPA’s Chemical Compatibility Chart

# Reactivity group name

1 Acids, Mineral, Non-

oxidizing 1

2 Acids, Mineral,

Oxidizing 2

3 Acids, Organic

3

29 Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic,

Saturated

CODE CONSEQUENCE

H Heat Generation

F Fire

G Innocuous and non-flammable gas

generation

GT Toxic gas formation

GF Flammable gas formation

E Explosion

P Violent polymerization

S Solubilization of toxic substance

U May be hazardous, but unknown

G

H

H

F

EPA’s Chemical

Compatibility Chart

Chemical storage

# Reactivity group name

1 Acids, Mineral, Non-

oxidizing1

2 Acids, Mineral, Oxidizing

2

3 Acids, Organic

3

29 Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic,

Saturated

G

H

H

F

EPA’s Chemical Compatibility

Chart

Chemical storage

HCl

HNO3

CH3CH2COOH

CH3COCH3

Hydrochloric aid

Nitric acid

Acetic acid

Acetone

CODE CONSEQUENCE

H Heat Generation

F Fire

G Innocuous and non-flammable gas

generation

GT Toxic gas formation

GF Flammable gas formation

E Explosion

P Violent polymerization

S Solubilization of toxic substance

U May be hazardous, but unknown

Chemical storage

Practical guideline for chemical storage

-Classify the chemicals by to types of reactivity groups according to

EPA chart

-Analysis of compatibility of each chemicals, pool compatible

chemicals and separate incompatible chemicals

-Suitable container according to each chemical and physical properties

-Detail information on label according to GHS system

-SDS of all chemicals (always updated) in laboratory, which can be

used for reference in case of emergency

-Do not store both excessive amount or volume of chemicals

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Chemical storage

Practical guideline for chemical storage

-Refrigerators for chemicals should be different from refrigerator for

food and drink

-Chemical reagents should have secondary container or supporter

-Provide fire extinguisher equipment, PPE, chemical absorbents

-Do not keep chemical reagents in chemical fume hood

Practical guideline for chemical storage: flammable solids

and liquids

-Keep away from heat, flame, spark sources

-Low boiling point organic solvents: well ventilation area, sunlight

avoidance

-Volume not more than 20 liters

Chemical storage

Practical guideline for chemical storage: corrosive substances

-Keep acids and bases in separated areas

-Need secondary container or supporter for acid reagents

-Analysis of incompatibility of each acids according to EPA chart

Practical guideline for chemical storage: oxidizers and peroxides

-Keep away from heat, flame, spark sources

-Keep in separation of flammable organics

-Keep high potential oxidizer in inert container (glass) such as chromic

acid

-Do not use cork or rubber stopper for closing the container

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Chemical storage

Practical guideline for chemical storage: special substances

-Keep hydrofluoric acid in glass container only

-Keep peroxides and organometallics in refrigerator such as

hydrogen peroxide

-Keep sodium and alkaline metals in oil

-keep picric acid in water

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Safety in chemical transport

Practice recommendations-Study SDS of the chemicals subjected to be transported

-Check the condition (well or bad) of container before transport

chemicals

-Do not move incompatible chemicals in the same place and in the

same time

-Do not hold reagent bottles with one hand, need to use another hand

to support the bottles bottom

-To transport chemical reagents outside laboratory, the safety bottle

carriers are required: stainless steel supporters for non-corrosive

reagents (organic solvents), plastic supporters for corrosive reagents

such as acids

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Safety in chemical transport

Practice recommendations

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Chemical waste disposal

Chemical wastes: the leftover chemicals from experiments, unidentified

chemicals, expired or deteriorated chemicals

Reduced

Chemicals

Reused / Recycle

Wastes

Classification

Classified wastes

wastes pending for disposal

Treated wastes

Waste disposal company

General wastes

Waste treatment

Non-hazardous wastes

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Reduce: minimize both volume and mass from starting experiments

1. Small scale experiment or micro scale experiment

2. Replacement with demonstration or educational medias

3. Advice the students ore researchers for minimized preparations

Waste reduction

Reuse: use returnable chemicals

1. Reused solvent for washing or rinsing glassware or containers

2. Solid support reagent such as silica gel or catalysts

3. Reuse chemical containers

Recycle: treatment of wastes to be suitable for reuse

1. Recovering organic solvent such as distillation of acetone used for rinsing

glassware

2. Recovering valuable metal catalysts such as Ag, Au, Pa

3. Purification of expired chemicals for rinsing or washing containers


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Classification of chemical wastes

1. Special wastes

-the chemicals reactive with water or air to be explosive reactions (azides or

peroxides)

Peroxides

Axides2. Cyanide wastes

-the waste containing cyanide

component such as NaN3, KN3, K3Fe(CN)6

3. Oxidizing wastes

-the waste containing component with a potential of

electron acceptor

-possible to react with some chemicals as explosive

reaction such as HNO3, NaHClO3, KMnO4, NaIO4,

Na2S2O8


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4. Mercury wastes

-the chemicals containing mercury component such as HgCl2, alkyl mercury, broken

mercury thermometer

5. Chromate wastes

-the chemicals containing chromic acid (H2CrO4), chromium ion (Cr3+)

6. Heavy metal wastes

-the chemicals containing heavy metal ions (not including Hg) such as Ba2+, Cd2+,

Pb2+, Cu2+/Cu+, Fe2+/Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ag+

7. Acid wastes

-the chemicals waste containing mineral acid more than 5%


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8. Alkaline wastes

-the chemicals waste containing alkaline more than 5%

9. Petroleum products

-the petroleum oils, gasoline oil, diesel oil, lubricant, kerosenes

10. Oxygenated wastes

-the chemicals waste containing oxygen in chemical structure such as alcohols,

ketones, ether, ethyl acetate, aldehydes

11. NPS wastes

-the chemicals waste containing components of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur such

as dimethylformamide ((CH₃)₂NCH), dimethylsulfoxide ((CH3)2SO), amino acids


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12. Halogenated wastes

-the organic chemicals waste containing components of halogens such as

CCl4, C2HCl3, phenol chloroform

13. Solid wastes

-Combustible solid wastes: cell or tissue debris from organic solvent extraction,

gloves contaminated with organic chemicals

-Incombustible solid wastes: silica gel from chromatography, broken glasses

14. Miscellaneous aqueous wastes

-non-toxic chemical wastes in water with concentration less than 5%

-Toxic chemical wastes (any concentration) are classified as special wastes.

15. Expired or deteriorated chemical wastes

-Unidentified chemicals

-transformation of chemical structures or change of the chemical components due to

Log-term keeping.


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Precaution issues1. Avoid mixing incompatible chemical wastes: mixing of nitric acid waste

with organic solvents can be a cause of severe reaction or explosive

reaction with toxic gas

2. Avoid mixing cyanide waste with acid that can generate cyanide gas

-the waste mixture of several component must be classified as a priority

of more dangerous:

--Mixture of acid with flammable solvent is classified as flammable

waste

--Mixture of non-cyanide solution with cyanide solution is classified as

cyanide waste

3. HPLC wastes: classified as the major solvents; major component of

water classified as miscellaneous aqueous waste; major component of

Methanol classified as oxygenated waste


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Precaution issues4. Suitable container with waste: metal container incompatible with

corrosive waste, plastic container compatible with bases or oxidizing

Waste

5. Do not fill liquid waste more than 80% of total volume of the

Container

6. Label on waste container and keep it until the appointment date

with the disposal central faculties or disposal company


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Primary waste management guideline

1. Waste disposable into tab into or chemical waste

-waste that contains inorganic or organic solvents less than 5% in

water

-solid waste without contamination of chemicals or toxic chemicals

2. Waste required treatment

-wastes that can be disposed, but require primary treatments

-toxic wastes that required primary treatment before sending to

disposal company


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Primary waste treatments

Items Treatments

Acids and Bases Neutralize before waste into the drains

Oxidizing agents Reduce with suitable reducing agents before waste into the

drains by study of SDS, report in articles

Chemicals reactive to water

and air

Destroy using dilution with water or weak acids:

1. NH4Cl2 used to destroy basic solutions:

metal hydrides (NaH, CaH2), organometallic reagents, 2.

NaHCO3 used to destroy acidic solutions:

acid halides (R-COOX)

Solid support from

chromatography: silica in

organic solvent

Dry and deliver to disposal company as incombustible solid

wastes

Solution of low

concentration of heavy

metal ions (< 100 mg/ml)

Separation from solvents by drying or precipitation to minimize

volume, and send to disposal company as heavy metal wastes


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Labeling on waste containers

Accident from chemical spill

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Chemical exposure to skin:

• Immediately flush with cool water for at least

15 minutes

• If there are no visible burns, soap area

• Seek medical attention if a reaction occurs or

if there are concerns

Chemical exposure to skin – serious:

• Remove all contaminated clothing

• Immediately soak with cool water for at least 15 minutes

• Have someone contact an instructor immediately

• Seek immediate medical attention

• Carry SDS in hand as a reference for physician to provide

a suitable treatment

Chemicals in eyes:

• Irrigate eyes for at least 15 minutes with

tempered water from emergency

eyewash station

• Remove contact lenses if possible

• Have someone contact an instructor

immediately

• Seek immediate medical attention

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Emergency shower and eyewash

Located at

room 914

Note :

• Consult physician - bring MSDS

• Area of chemical spill - Clean chemical according to SDS,

report the incident

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Spill cleanup procedures

YOU SHOULD NOT CLEAN UP A SPILL IF:

� You don’t know what the spilled material is

� You lack the necessary protection or equipment to do the job safely

� The spill is too large to contain

� The spilled material is highly toxic

� You feel any symptoms of exposure

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SPILL RESPONSE AND CLEAN UP PROCEDURE

� Notify lab personnel and neighbors of the accident.

� Isolate the area. Close lab doors and evacuate the

immediate area if necessary.

� Remove ignition sources and unplug nearby electrical

equipment.

� Establish exhaust ventilation. Vent vapors to outside of

building only (open windows and turn on fume hoods). 46

Spill response and clean up procedure

� Locate spill kit.

� Choose appropriate personal protective equipment (goggles,

face shield, impervious gloves, lab coat, apron, etc.)

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Put on appropriate PPE

� Confine and contain spill. Cover with appropriate absorbent

material. Acid and base spills should be neutralized prior to

cleanup. Sweep solid material into a plastic dust pan and

place in a sealed 5 gallon container.

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� Wet mop spill area. Be sure to decontaminate broom, dustpan, etc.

Put all contaminated items (gloves, clothing, etc.) into a sealed 5

gallon container or plastic bag.

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Spill absorbents

� Universal Spill Absorbent - 1:1:1 mixture of Flor-Dri (or unscented kitty litter),

sodium bicarbonate, and sand. This all purpose absorbent is good for most

chemical spills including solvents, acids (not good for hydrofluoric acid), and

bases.

� Acid Spill Neutralizer - sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or calcium

carbonate.

� Alkali (Base) Neutralizer - sodium bisulfate. Solvents/Organic Liquid Absorbent

- Inert absorbents such as vermiculite, clay, sand, Flor-Dri, and Oil-Dri.

� Bromine Neutralizer - 5% solution of sodium thiosulfate and inert absorbent.

� Hydrofluoric Acid - HF compatible spill pillow or neutralize with lime and

transfer to a polyethylene container. 50

Spills requiring special procedures

� Acid chlorides: use Oil-Dri, Zorb-All, or dry sand. Avoid water and

avoid sodium bicarbonate.

� Alkali metals (lithium, sodium, magnesium, potassium) Smother with

dry sand, and void contact with water.

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� White or Yellow Phosphorus: Blanket with wet sand or wet absorbent.

� Bromine:Neutralize spill with a 5% solution of sodium thiosulfate. Absorb with inert absorbent material.

� Hydrofluoric Acid: Neutralize with soda ash or lime (or absorb spill with special HF spill pillow). Absorb with inert absorbent material.

� Mercury: Use aspirator bulb or suction device to collect mercury beads (Do not use a vacuum cleaner). Mop up mercury with mercury decontaminating powder.

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Spills requiring special procedures

THANK YOU…FOR YOUR KIND CO-OPERATION…

Documents

Chemical Safety Storage and Disposal