Chemical RegulationChemical Regulation

Endocrine System Endocrine System CommunicationCommunication

Do NowDo Now

Place Labs & Respiration Packet in Place Labs & Respiration Packet in TWO piles in the middle of the tableTWO piles in the middle of the table

What do you know about the What do you know about the endocrine system?endocrine system?

Brain Pop video: Brain Pop video: Endocrine System

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

Regulation of the human body Regulation of the human body through chemical messengers called through chemical messengers called hormones hormones to maintain homeostasisto maintain homeostasis

Homeostasis = stable internal Homeostasis = stable internal environmentenvironment

Endocrine RegulationEndocrine Regulation

Stimulus is detectedStimulus is detected

Impulse sent to brain (hypothalamus)Impulse sent to brain (hypothalamus)

Hypothalamus to pituitaryHypothalamus to pituitary

Pituitary sends message to glandPituitary sends message to gland

Gland releases a hormoneGland releases a hormone

Hormone does workHormone does work

New stimulus is detectedNew stimulus is detected

Do NowDo Now

Brain Pop video: Brain Pop video: Hormones

HormonesHormonesChemicals released into the blood Chemicals released into the blood stream from a glandstream from a glandNeeded in very small amountsNeeded in very small amountsContain receptor moleculesContain receptor moleculesAct on specific parts of the bodyAct on specific parts of the body– Ex: Insulin will “lock in” to blood cell Ex: Insulin will “lock in” to blood cell

receptors to lower blood sugar. Insulin receptors to lower blood sugar. Insulin cannot “lock in” to other body cells cannot “lock in” to other body cells because the receptor sites don’t match.because the receptor sites don’t match.

ENDOCRINE GLANDSENDOCRINE GLANDS

Pituitary = master gland Pituitary = master gland (controlled by the hypothalamus (controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain)in the brain)

Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland

TSHTSH – thyroid stimulating – thyroid stimulating hormonehormone

ACTH ACTH – stimulates adrenal – stimulates adrenal glandsglands

FSHFSH – stimulates the ovaries – stimulates the ovaries

OxytocinOxytocin – labor – labor contractionscontractions

CalcitoninCalcitonin – Calcium – Calcium metabolismmetabolism

Releases hormone messengers (do not “do work”)Releases hormone messengers (do not “do work”)

ENDOCRINE GLANDSENDOCRINE GLANDSThyroid GlandThyroid Gland – – in neckin neck

Releases Releases ThyroxineThyroxine which regulates which regulates metabolismmetabolism

ParathyroidsParathyroids – 4 tiny glands behind thyroid– 4 tiny glands behind thyroid

ReleasesReleases Parahormone Parahormone regulates regulates CalciumCalcium in in bloodblood

AdrenalAdrenal GlandGland– – on top of kidneyson top of kidneys

Releases Releases Adrenaline Adrenaline which allows the which allows the body to respond appropriately in times of body to respond appropriately in times of emergency or stressemergency or stress

““Fight or Flight” Fight or Flight”

Pancreas – Pancreas – glands located within the glands located within the pancreaspancreas– Releases Releases InsulinInsulin which regulates blood sugar which regulates blood sugar

levelslevels

DiabetesDiabetes – caused by decreased amounts of – caused by decreased amounts of insulin which leads to increase blood sugar insulin which leads to increase blood sugar coma coma death if not medicated death if not medicated

GONADSGONADS – sex glands – sex glands

OvariesOvaries ReleasesReleases EstrogenEstrogen – 2 – 2ndnd degree sex degree sex characteristics/ cyclecharacteristics/ cycle

ReleasesReleases ProgesteroneProgesterone – – cycle and maintain cycle and maintain pregnancypregnancy

Testes Testes

Releases Releases TestosteroneTestosterone – – 22ndnd degree male degree male characteristics and characteristics and

production of spermproduction of sperm

Do NowDo Now

Using the diagram on the board, fill in Using the diagram on the board, fill in the chart.the chart.

Feedback MechanismsFeedback MechanismsA cycle in which the output “feeds back” to A cycle in which the output “feeds back” to modify or reinforce the action of the systemmodify or reinforce the action of the system

2 types:2 types:

(a)(a)Positive feedbackPositive feedback Change in the environment – increases the Change in the environment – increases the responseresponse

Ex: uterine contractions during laborEx: uterine contractions during labor

(a)(a)Negative feedbackNegative feedback most common most common Change in the environment Change in the environment creates a creates a response message response message makes a change makes a change stops the response messagestops the response message

Ex: regulate blood sugarEx: regulate blood sugar

Sensor detects Sensor detects high blood sugarhigh blood sugar

Pancreas Pancreas NegativeNegative

secretes secretes feedbackfeedback

insulininsulin shuts shuts off insulinoff insulin

production production

Blood sugar Blood sugar

dropsdrops

- Ex: increase exercise- Ex: increase exercise increased muscle activity increased muscle activity increases HR and BP and resp. rate increases HR and BP and resp. rate O2 to O2 to musclesmuscles

DiseaseDiseaseDisease = failure of homeostasis – the body Disease = failure of homeostasis – the body fails to work as it shouldfails to work as it should

Causes of disease:Causes of disease:

1)1) Pathogens – organisms (germs) that invade Pathogens – organisms (germs) that invade the body ex: virus, bacteria, fungi. And the body ex: virus, bacteria, fungi. And parasites (spread) – Lyme, coldparasites (spread) – Lyme, cold

2)2) Uncontrolled cell divisionUncontrolled cell division

CancerCancer

mass of abnormal cells called tumormass of abnormal cells called tumor

3) Inherited ex: CF, Down’s3) Inherited ex: CF, Down’s

4) Poor nutrition4) Poor nutrition

5) Toxins5) Toxins

6) Organ malfunction6) Organ malfunction

7) High risk – skin/lung cancer7) High risk – skin/lung cancer

In class assignmentIn class assignment

Brain Pop video: Brain Pop video: Puberty

Multiple choice worksheet/vocabMultiple choice worksheet/vocab