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Chemical Reactions: Predicting Products and Balancing

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2

Predicting Reactions – Double Replacement

Step 1: Write ONE of each ion directly above (or below) the reactants

Step 2: Write ONE of each ion on the product side , but swap the anions

Step 3: Write neutral compounds for the products

Step 4: Balance atoms (or ions) using coefficients

AlCl3 + MgSO4

Al+3Cl-1Mg+2SO42-

Step 1:

Step 2:Cl-1

Al3+ Mg2+SO4

2- +

Step 3:


AlCl3 + MgSO4

Al+3Cl-1Mg+2SO42-

AlCl3 + MgSO4

Cl-1

Al3+ Mg2+SO4

2- +Al+3Cl-1Mg+2SO42-

+ MgCl2Al2(SO4)3

Write the balanced chemical reaction for the reaction of aluminum chloride and magnesium sulfate.


2 AlCl3(aq) + 3 MgSO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3 MgCl2(aq)

Step 4:

Al

ClMg

SO4

Al

ClMg

SO4

1

31

1

2

21

3


261

1


263

3


263

3

initial initial1st 2nd 3rd

BALANCED!!!

Ca+2C2O4-2 Ni+3C2H3O2

-1

Step 1:

Step 2:

C2O4-2Ca2+ Ni3+C2H3O2

-1+

Step 3:


CaC2O4 + Ni(C2H3O2)3

+ Ni2(C2O4)3Ca(C2H3O2)2

Write the balanced chemical reaction for the reaction of calcium oxalate with nickel (III) acetate

Ca+2C2O4-2 Ni+3C2H3O2

-1


C2O4-2Ca2+ Ni3+C2H3O2

-1+Ca+2C2O4-2 Ni+3C2H3O2

-1



3 CaC2O4(s) + 2 Ni(C2H3O2)3(aq) 3 Ca(C2H3O2)2(aq) + 1

Ni2(C2O4)3(aq)

Step 4:

Ca

C2O4

Ni

C2H3O2

1

1

1

3

1

3

2

2


Ni2(C2O4)3(aq)

3313


Ni2(C2O4)3(aq)

3326


Ni2(C2O4)3(aq)

3326

initial initial1st 2nd3rd

Ca

C2O4

Ni

C2H3O2

BALANCED!!!

H+Cl-1 Ti+4 OH-1

Step 1:


HCl(aq) + Ti(OH)4

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and titanium (IV) hydroxide

Step 2:Cl-1H+ Ti4+OH-1 +

Step 3: + TiCl4HOH

H+Cl-1 Ti+4 OH-1

HCl(aq) + Ti(OH)4

Cl-1H+ Ti4+OH-1 +H+Cl-1 Ti+4 OH-1

HCl(aq) + Ti(OH)4


4 HCl(aq) + 1 Ti(OH)4(s) 4 HOH(l) + 1

TiCl4(aq)

Step 4:

H

ClTi

OH

H

ClTi

OH

1

11

4

1

41

1

4 HCl(aq) + 1 Ti(OH)4(s) 4 HOH(l) + 1

TiCl4(aq)

441

4

4 HCl(aq) + 1 Ti(OH)4(s) 4 HOH(l) + 1

TiCl4(aq)

441

4

initial initial1st 2nd

BALANCED!!!

Pb+4NO3-1 Co+3CrO4

-2

Step 1:

Step 2:

NO3-1Pb4+ Co3+CrO4

-2 +

Step 3:


Pb(NO3)4 + Co2(CrO4)3

+ Co(NO3)3Pb(CrO4)2

Write the balanced chemical reaction for the reaction of lead (IV) nitrate with cobalt (III) chromate

Pb+4NO3-1 Co+3CrO4

-2


NO3-1Pb4+ Co3+CrO4

-2 +Pb+4NO3-1 Co+3CrO4

-2


3 Pb(NO3)4(aq) + 2 Co2(CrO4)3(s) 3 Pb(CrO4)2(s) + 2

Co(NO3)3(aq)

Predicting Reactions – Double ReplacementStep 4:

Pb

NO3

Co

CrO4

1

4

2

3

1

3

1

2


Co(NO3)3(aq)

1622


Co(NO3)3(aq)

1446


Co(NO3)3(aq)

31246

initial initial 1st2nd 3rd

Pb

NO3

Co

CrO4

BALANCED!!!

31246

4th

3626

2nd


Co(NO3)3(aq)

4


Co(NO3)3(aq)

H+SO4-2 Fe+3 OH-1

Step 1:


H2SO4(aq) + Fe(OH)3

Step 2:SO4

-2H+ Fe3+OH-1 +

Step 3: + Fe2(SO4)3HOH

H+SO4-2 Fe+3 OH-1

H2SO4(aq) + Fe(OH)3

SO4-2H+ Fe3+OH-1 +H+SO4

-2 Fe+3 OH-1

H2SO4(aq) + Fe(OH)3

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and iron

(III) hydroxide


3 H2SO4(aq) + 2 Fe(OH)3(s) 6 HOH(l) + 1

Fe2(SO4)3(aq)

Step 4:

H

SO4

Fe

OH

2

11

3

1

32

1

3 H2SO4(aq) + 2 Fe(OH)3(s) 6 HOH(l) + 1

Fe2(SO4)3(aq)

2126

3 H2SO4(aq) + 2 Fe(OH)3(s) 6 HOH(l) + 1

Fe2(SO4)3(aq)

6326

3 H2SO4(aq) + 2 Fe(OH)3(s) 6 HOH(l) + 1

Fe2(SO4)3(aq)

6326


H

SO4

Fe

OH

BALANCED!!!

H+Br-1 Al+3CO3-2

Step 1:

Step 2:

Br-1H+ Al3+CO32 +

Step 3:

Predicting and Balancing Reactions

HBr(aq) + Al2(CO3)3(s)

+ AlBr3H2CO3(aq)

H+Br-1 Al+3CO3-2


Br-1H+ Al3+CO3-2 +H+Br-1 Al+3 CO3

-2


Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrobromic acid and solid aluminum carbonate

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrobromic acid and solid aluminum carbonate

HBr(aq) + Al2(CO3)3(s) H2CO3(aq) + AlBr3

When carbonic acid is formed, it immediately decomposes into carbon dioxide and water, so the equation above becomes:

HBr(aq) + Al2(CO3)3(s) CO2(g) + H2O(l) + AlBr3


3 HBr(aq) + 2 Al2(CO3)3(s) 3 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(l) + 2

AlBr3(aq)

Step 4:

H

Br

Al

C

1

1

2

3

2

3

1

1


AlBr3(aq)

2

6

2

1


AlBr3(aq)

6

6

2

3


AlBr3(aq)

6

6

2

1

initial initial 1st2nd 3rd

H

Br

Al

C

BALANCED!!!

6

6

2

3

4th


AlBr3(aq)


O 9 39 5 9O 3

Ti+4PO3-3 Bi+5SO3

-2

Step 1:

Step 2:

PO3-3Ti4+ Bi5+SO3

-2 +

Step 3:


Ti3(PO3)4 + Bi2(SO3)5

+ Bi3(PO3)5Ti(SO3)2

Write the balanced chemical reaction for the reaction of titanium (IV) phosphite with bismuth (V) sulfite

Ti+4PO3-3 Bi+5SO3

-2

Ti3(PO3)4 + Bi2(SO3)5

PO3-3Ti4+ Bi5+SO3

-2 +Ti+4PO3-3 Bi+5SO3

-2

Ti3(PO3)4 + Bi2(SO3)5

5 Ti3(PO3)4(s) + 6 Bi2(SO3)5(aq) 15 Ti(SO3)2(aq) + 4

Bi3(PO3)5(s)


Ti

PO3

Bi

SO3

3

4

2

5

1

5

3

2


Bi3(PO3)5(s)

34

1230


Bi3(PO3)5(s)

120122


Bi3(PO3)5(s)

15201230

initial initial1st 1st3rd

Ti

PO3

Bi

SO3

BALANCED!!!

15201230

2nd

Pb+2ClO3-1 Cu+Br-1

Step 1:


Pb(ClO3)2(aq) + CuBr(aq)

Step 2:

ClO3-1Pb+2 Cu+Br-1 +

Step 3: + CuClO3PbBr2

Pb+2ClO3-1 Cu+Br-1


ClO3-1Pb+2 Cu+Br-1 +Pb+2ClO3

-1 Cu+Br-1


An aqueous solution of lead (II) chlorate is added to an aqueous solution of copper (I) bromide. What is the balanced equation for this reaction?


1 Pb(ClO3)2(aq) + 2 CuBr(aq) 1 PbBr2(s) + 2

CuClO3(aq)

Step 4:

Pb

ClO3

Cu

Br

Pb

ClO3

Cu

Br

1

21

1

1

11

2


CuClO3(aq)

122

2


CuClO3(aq)

122

2

initial initial1st 2nd

BALANCED!!!

Hg2+2 NO3

-1Au+3 I-1

Step 1:

Step 2:

NO3-1Hg2

+2 Au+3I-1 +

Step 3:


Hg2(NO3)2 + AuI3

+ Au(NO3)3Hg2I2

Write the balanced chemical reaction for the reaction of mercury (I) nitrate with gold (III) iodide

Hg2+2NO3

-1Au+3 I-1

Hg2(NO3)2 + AuI3

NO3-1Hg2

+2 Au+3I-1 +Hg2+2NO3

-1Au+3 I-1

Hg2(NO3)2 + AuI3

3 Hg2(NO3)2(aq) + 2 AuI3(aq) 3 Hg2I2(s) + 2

Au(NO3)3(aq)


Hg2

NO3

Au

I

1

2

1

3

1

3

1

2


Au(NO3)3(aq)

3613


Au(NO3)3(aq)

1622


Au(NO3)3(aq)

3626

initial initial1st 1st 3rd

Hg2

NO3

Au

I

BALANCED!!!

3626

2nd

Balancing Reactions

1 C11H24 + 17 O2(g) 11 CO2(g) + 12

H2O(g)

C

H

O

11

24

2

1

2

3

1 C11H24 + 17 O2(g) 11 CO2(g) + 12

H2O(g)

11

2

23

1 C11H24 + 17 O2(g) 11 CO2(g) + 12

H2O(g)

11

24

34

1 C11H24 + 17 O2(g) 11 CO2(g) + 12

H2O(g)

11

24

34

initial initial 1st 2nd3rd

C

H

O

BALANCED!!!

Balancing Reactions

1 C32H64 + 48 O2(g) 32 CO2(g) + 32

H2O(g)

C

H

O

32

64

2

1

2

3

1 C32H64 + 48 O2(g) 32 CO2(g) + 32

H2O(g)

32

2

65

1 C32H64 + 48 O2(g) 32 CO2(g) + 32

H2O(g)

32

64

96

1 C32H64 + 48 O2(g) 32 CO2(g) + 32

H2O(g)

32

64

96


C

H

O

BALANCED!!!

Balancing Reactions

2 C8H18 + 25 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 9 H2O(g)

C

H

O

8

18

2

1

2

3

2 C8H18 + 25 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 9 H2O(g)

8

2

17

2 C8H18 + 25 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 9 H2O(g)

8

18

25

2 C8H18 + 25 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 9 H2O(g)

16

36

2


C

H

O

BALANCED!!!

16

36

50

4th

2 C8H18 + 25 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 9 H2O(g)

16 18

16

36

50

3rd

2 C8H18 + 25 O2(g) 16 CO2(g) + 18

H2O(g)

Balancing Reactions

1 C8H16 + 12 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 8 H2O(g)

C

H

O

8

16

2

1

2

3

1 C8H16 + 12 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 8 H2O(g)

8

2

17

1 C8H16 + 12 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 8 H2O(g)

8

16

24

1 C8H16 + 12 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 8 H2O(g)

8

16

24


C

H

O

BALANCED!!!

Balancing Reactions

2 C8H14 + 23 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 7 H2O(g)

C

H

O

8

14

2

1

2

3

2 C8H14 + 23 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 7 H2O(g)

8

2

17

2 C8H14 + 25 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 7 H2O(g)

8

14

23

2 C8H14 + 25 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 7 H2O(g)

16

28

2


C

H

O

BALANCED!!!

16

28

46

4th

2 C8H14 + 23 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 7 H2O(g)

16 14

16

28

46

3rd

2 C8H14 + 23 O2(g) 16 CO2(g) + 14

H2O(g)

Balancing Reactions

1 C2H5OH + 3 O2(g) 2 CO2(g) + 3

H2O(g)

C

H

O

2

6

3

1

2

3

1 C2H5OH + 3 O2(g) 2 CO2(g) + 3

H2O(g)

2

2

5

1 C2H5OH + 3 O2(g) 2 CO2(g) + 3

H2O(g)

2

6

7

1 C2H5OH + 3 O2(g) 2 CO2(g) + 3

H2O(g)

2

6

7


C

H

O

BALANCED!!!

Balancing Reactions

2 C6H5CO2H + 15 O2(g) 7 CO2(g) + 3

H2O(g)

C

H

O

7

6

4

1

2

3

2 C6H5CO2H + 15 O2(g) 7 CO2(g) + 3

H2O(g)

7

2

15

2 C6H5CO2H + 15 O2(g) 7 CO2(g) + 3

H2O(g)

7

6

17

2 C6H5CO2H + 15 O2(g) 7 CO2(g) + 3

H2O(g)

14

12

6


C

H

O

BALANCED!!!

16

28

34

4th

2 C6H5CO2H + 15 O2(g) 7 CO2(g) + 3

H2O(g)

14 6

14

12

34

3rd

2 C6H5CO2H + 15 O2(g) 14 CO2(g) + 6

H2O(g)

Ni+3HCO3-1

Ni+3CO3-2

Ni(HCO3)3(s)

+ H2O + CO2Ni2(CO3)3

Ni+3HCO3-1

Ni(HCO3)3(s)

CO2Ni+3 H2OCO3-2 +Ni+3HCO3

-1

Ni(HCO3)3(s)

Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of nickel (III) hydrogen carbonate. Remember that all hydrogen carbonates produce carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide upon heating.

H2O CO2+ +

+

Predicting and Balancing Reactions – Decompositions


2 Ni(HCO3)3(s) 1 Ni2(CO3)3(s) + 3 H2O(g) + 3 CO2(g)

Ni

C

H

O

1

3

3

9

2

4

2

12


266

18


262

16


266

18


Ni

C

H

O

BALANCED!!!

Sn+4HCO3-1

Sn+4CO3-2

Sn(HCO3)4(s)

+ H2O + CO2Sn(CO3)2

Sn+4HCO3-1

Sn(HCO3)4(s)

CO2Sn+4 H2OCO3-2 +Sn+4HCO3

-1

Sn(HCO3)4(s)

Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of tin (IV) hydrogen carbonate. Remember that all hydrogen carbonates produce carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide upon heating.

H2O CO2+ +

+



1 Sn(HCO3)4(s) 1 Sn(CO3)2(s) + 2 H2O(g) + 2 CO2(g)

Sn

C

H

O

1

4

4

12

1

3

2

9


142

11


144

12

initial initial 1st 2nd

Sn

C

H

O

BALANCED!!!

Li+ HCO3-1

Li+ CO3-2

LiHCO3(s)

+ H2O + CO2Li2CO3

Li+ HCO3-1

LiHCO3(s)

CO2Li+ H2OCO3-2 +Li+ HCO3

-1

LiHCO3(s)

Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of lithium hydrogen carbonate. Remember that all hydrogen carbonates produce carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide upon heating.

H2O CO2+ +

+



2 LiHCO3(s) 1 Li2CO3(s) + 1 H2O(g) + 1 CO2(g)

Li

C

H

O

1

1

1

3

2

2

2

6

2 LiHCO3(s) 1 Li2CO3(s) + 1 H2O(g) + 1 CO2(g)

2226

initial initial1st

Li

C

H

O

BALANCED!!!

Ba+2HCO3-1

Ba+2CO3-2

Ba(HCO3)2(s)

+ H2O + CO2BaCO3

Ba+2HCO3-1

Ba(HCO3)2(s)

CO2Ba+2 H2OCO3-2 +Ba+2HCO3

-1

Ba(HCO3)2(s)

Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of barium hydrogen carbonate. Remember that all hydrogen carbonates produce carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide upon heating.

H2O CO2+ +

+



1 Ba(HCO3)2(s) 1 BaCO3(s) + 2 H2O(g) + 2 CO2(g)

Ba

C

H

O

1

2

2

6

1

2

2

6

initial initial

Ba

C

H

O

BALANCED!!!

Rb+CO3-2

Rb+O-2

Rb2CO3(s)

+ CO2Rb2O

Rb+CO3-2

Rb2CO3(s)

CO2Rb+O-2 +Rb+CO3-2

Rb2CO3(s)

Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of rubidium carbonate. Remember that all carbonates produce oxide, and carbon dioxide upon heating.

CO2+



1 Rb2CO3(s) 1 Rb2O(s) + 1 CO2(g)

Rb

C

O

2

1

3

2

1

3

initial initial

Rb

C

O

BALANCED!!!

Cu2+CO3-2

Cu2+O-2

CuCO3(s)

+ CO2CuO

Cu2+CO3-2

CuCO3(s)

CO2Cu2+O-2 +Cu2+CO3-2

CuCO3(s)

Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of copper (II) carbonate. Remember that all carbonates produce oxide, and carbon dioxide upon heating.

CO2+



1 CuCO3(s) 1 CuO(s) + 1 CO2(g)

Cu

C

O

1

1

3

1

1

3

initial initial

Cu

C

O

BALANCED!!!

Cr+3CO3-2

Cr+3O-2

Cr2(CO3)3(s)

+ CO2Cr2O3

Cr+3CO3-2

Cr2(CO3)3(s)

CO2Cr+3O-2 +Cr+3CO3-2

Cr2(CO3)3(s)

Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of chromium (III) carbonate. Remember that all carbonates produce oxide, and carbon dioxide upon heating.

CO2+



1 Cr2(CO3)3(s) 1 Cr2O3(s) + 3 CO2(g)

Cr

C

O

2

3

9

2

1

5

1 Cr2(CO3)3(s) 1 Cr2O3(s) + 3 CO2(g)

239

initial initial 1st

Cr

C

O

BALANCED!!!

Mn4+CO3-2

Mn4+O-2

Mn(CO3)2(s)

+ CO2MnO2

Mn4+CO3-2

Mn(CO3)2(s)

CO2Mn4+O-2 +Mn4+CO3-2

Mn(CO3)2(s)

Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of manganese (IV) carbonate. Remember that all carbonates produce oxide, and carbon dioxide upon heating.

CO2+



1 Mn(CO3)2(s) 1 MnO2(s) + 2 CO2(g)

Mn

C

O

1

2

6

1

1

4

1 Mn(CO3)2(s) 1 MnO2(s) + 2 CO2(g)

126

initial initial 1st

Mn

C

O

BALANCED!!!

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Chemical Reactions: Predicting Products and Balancing This PowerPoint presentation will be FAR more effective if you view it as a slideshow This PowerPoint