Chemical Reactions

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The Basics!http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hydrochloric_acid_ammonia.jpg

Reactants and Products

In a reaction, the substances used up are called the reactants. The substance that is then created is called the product.

For example when iron reacts with sulfur, iron sulfide is formed. Iron and sulfur are the reactants and iron sulfide is the product.

http://www.nelsonthornes.com/secondary/science/scinet/scinet/reaction/change/reactant.htm

What’s happening?

Every type of chemical reaction differs in the exact product. Yet in simplest terms, bonds are broken and formed by the interaction of electrons.

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_happens_when_a_chemical_reaction_occurs

http://www2.nl.edu/jste/bonds.htm

The law of conservation of mass

According to the law of conservation of mass, in a chemical reaction, matter cant be destroyed or created. In simpler terms, the mass of a product is always equal to the mass of reactants.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_mass

Five signs of a chemical reaction.

Change of color Formation of gas Formation of

precipitate. Change in

temperature. A type of energy is

produced.http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?

qid=20081109193239AAsxvbW

Energy and Chemical Reactions

The role of energy in chemical reactions.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_energy

Chemical potential Energy

Chemical energy is a form of potential energy in relation to the structure of an atom. The energy of a chemical substance can be altered to other forms of energy by a chemical reaction.

For example, when fuel is burning, the energy is transformed into heat.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_energy

Exothermic In an exothermic reaction, energy is released as heat, light or

sound.

An Example of an Exothermic reaction is the combustion of fuels.

Endothermic

In an endothermic reaction, it must absorb as much energy as possible to be successful. These reactions do not occur spontaneously. When endothermic reactions take place, you record the drop in temperature.

An example of an endothermic reaction would simply be melting Ice cubes.

http://chemistry.about.com/cs/generalchemistry/a/aa051903a.htm

Activation energy

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy a reaction requires to occur.

http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-definition/Activation_energy/

Types of ReactionsSynthesis

Decomposition

Single Replacement

Double Replacement

Combustion

http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/8th/matter/sciber/chemtype.htm

SynthesisIn a synthesis reaction, two or more simple substances combine to form a larger and more complex substance.

2 reactants yield one substance.

For example, when hydrogen combines with oxygen, they produce a more complex substance (water) 2H2 + O2 2H2O www.amgmedia.com/freephotos/free-photos-3.html

    

Decomposition In a decomposition reaction, a

complex substance breaks down into two simple substances.

While looking at a formula, you can see that one reactant produces two products.

For example, water breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen gas.2H2O 2H2 + O2

http://www.chanceandchoice.com/ChanceandChoice/waterstructure.jpg

Single Replacement In a single replacement

reaction, a single element replaces another in a compound.

In this type of reaction, you can see that 2 reactants yield two products.

For example, when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, zinc replaces the hydrogen.Zn +2HCl ZnCl2 +H2

http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/0/y/c/hydrochloricacid.jpg

Double Replacement In this reaction, both parts of

two compounds switch to form two new compounds.

You will see that two reactants yield two products.

For example, when silver nitrate reacts with sodium chloride, they switch places to produce silver chloride and sodium nitrate.

http://www.saltlakemetals.com/images/SilverChloride500.png

http://www.germes-online.com/direct/dbimage/50146855/Prilled_Sodium_Nitrate.jpg

Combustion In this reaction all substances

in a compound are combined with oxygen, which then produces carbon dioxide and water.

It is an exothermic reaction, and therefore produced heat.

CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionblog.wired.com/.../2007/10/nbc-plans-femal.htmlRemove frame 

http://web.syr.edu/~gavan/bugs.jpg

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