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Chemical Formulas and Nomenclature Booklet
Chemistry Chapter 5—Chemical Naming Rules
and How to Determine Chemical Formulas
Name: ______________________________ Period____
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds—The Rules!
2
Steps Example
1. Check to make sure it is an
ionic compound.
NaCl-metal + nonmetal =
ionic
2. Name the metal first. NaCl
Sodium
3. Follow with the name of
the nonmetal but change its
ending to –ide.
NaCl
Sodium chloride
NOTE: Ignore subscripts that
may follow the atom!
Table of Nonmetals and their endings
when in a binary compound
3
Nonmetal Name with new ending
Chlorine, Cl Chloride
Fluorine, F Fluoride
Bromine, Br Bromide
Iodine, I Iodide
Oxygen, O Oxide
Sulfur, S Sulfide
Nitrogen, N Nitride
Phosphorus, P Phosphide
Carbon, C Carbide
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
4
Try the following using the above steps!
Formula Name
KBr
MgO
SrCl2
Na2S
K3N2
Naming Tertiary Ionic Compounds—The Rules!
5
Steps Example
1. Check to make sure it
is an ionic compound.
NaNO3- metal +
nonmetals = ionic
2. Name the metal first. NaNO3
Sodium
3. Follow with the name
of the polyatomic ion.
NaNO3
Sodium nitrate
NOTE: Ignore subscripts
that may follow the
atom(s)!
Table of Polyatomic Ions (must memorize these!)
6
Polyatomic Ion Name
C2H3O2-1 Acetate
ClO4-1 Perchlorate
ClO3-1 Chlorate
ClO2-1 Chlorite
ClO-1 Hypochlorite
OH-1 Hydroxide
CO3-2 Carbonate
NO3-1 Nitrate
NO2-1 Nitrite
SO4-2 Sulfate
SO3-2 Sulfite
HCO3-1 Bicarbonate
PO4-3 Phosphate
PO3-3 Phosphite
NH4+1 Ammonium
Naming Tertiary Ionic Compounds
7
Try the following using the above steps!
Formula Name
KOH
MgCO3
Sr(ClO2)2
Na2SO4
LiNO2
Naming Binary Covalent Compounds—The Rules!
8
Steps Example
1. Check to make sure it is a
covalent compound.
CO2 –nonmetal + nonmetal =
covalent
2. Name the first nonmetal
first. If there is more than one
atom, use the proper prefix in
front of it.
CO2
Carbon
3. Follow with the name of the
next nonmetal using the
proper prefix to represent the
number of atoms (make sure
you change its ending to –
ide).
CO2
Carbon dioxide
Table of Prefixes for Covalent Atoms
9
Number of Atoms Prefix
1 *Mono-
2 Di-
3 Tri-
4 Tetra-
5 Penta-
6 Hexa-
7 Hepta-
8 Octa-
9 Nona-
10 Deca-
*only use for second atom
Naming Binary Covalent Compounds
10
Try the following using the above steps!
Formula Name
CO
SO2
NI3
SF6
N2O
Naming Binary and Oxyacids—The Rules!
11
Rules for Binary Acids
Steps Example
1. Check to make sure it is a
binary acid.
HCl- hydrogen + nonmetal
= binary acid
2. Start with the prefix
“Hydro-“.
HCl
Hydro
3. Follow with the name of
the nonmetal but change its
ending to –ic.
HCl
Hydrochloric
4. End with “acid”. HCl
Hydrochloric acid
Naming Binary and Oxyacids—The Rules!
12
Tertiary or Oxyacids
Steps Example
1. Check to make sure it is
a tertiary/oxyacid.
H2SO4- hydrogen +
polyatomic ion = tertiary
acid
2. Determine the name of
the polyatomic ion. If its
ending is –ate, then the
acid’s ending will be –ic. If
its ending is –ite, then the
acid’s ending will be –ous.
H2SO4
Sulfate = Sulfuric
3. End with “acid”. H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
Common Acids
13
Formula Type of Acid Name Other Name
HCl (aq) Binary Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen chloride (g)
HBr (aq) Binary Hydrobromic acid
Hydrogen bromide (g)
HF (aq) Binary Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen fluoride (g)
H2SO4 Oxyacid Sulfuric acid None
HNO3 Oxyacid Nitric acid None
HC2H3O2 Oxyacid Acetic acid None
H2CO3 Oxyacid Carbonic None
Naming Acids
14
Try the following using the above steps!
Formula Name
H2CO3
H2SO3
HNO3
HF
H2S
Naming Ionic Compounds with Metals that have more than one charge
15
Steps Example
1. Check to make sure the metal has
more than one oxidation state using
the chart above. NOTE: There are
more than what is just on the list.
Fe2O3
Fe has two oxidation states: +2 and
+3 so must use Roman numerals in
name
2. Determine the charge on the
metal using the charge on the
nonmetal knowing the overall
charge should equal zero. NOTE:
Reverse criss cross may work here.
Fe2O3
Charge on O is -2, for a total of -6
(3 of them); since there is 2 Fe
atoms, each charge must be +3.
3. Name the metal using the proper
Roman numeral to represent its
charge.
Fe2O3
Iron (III)
4. Finish with the name of the
nonmetal
(-ide ending) or polyatomic ion.
Fe2O3
Iron (III) oxide
Naming Ionic Compounds that contain Metals with more than one Oxidation State
16
Transition Metals/Other Metals with more than one Oxidation State
Metal Oxidation
States
Names
Fe +2, +3 Iron (II), Iron (III)
Ni +2, +3 Nickel (II), Nickel (III)
Co +2, +3 Cobalt (II), Cobalt (III)
Cr +2, +3 Chromium (II),
Chromium (III)
Cu +1, +2 Copper (I), Copper (II)
Mn +2, +4 Manganese (II),
manganese (IV)
Sn +2, +4 Tin (II), Tin (IV)
Pb +2, +4 Lead (II), Lead (IV)
Naming Ionic Compounds that contain Metals with more than one Oxidation State
17
NOTE: The following metals only
have one oxidation state and
therefore, do NOT need Roman
Numerals in their names:
zinc, Zn = +2 and silver, Ag = +1
Nomenclature Review—Naming a Chemical Formula
18
Chemical Formula
(like H2O, NaCl, KNO3, HCl, FeCl2)
Is it covalent?
(use prefixes for # of each atom)
Is it an acid?
(starts with H)
Is it a binary acid? (use “hydro” and “ic”)
Is it an oxyacid? (find polyatomic ion name &
change ending using rules)
Is it Ionic?
(no prefixes)
Does it contain a regular metal?
(no prefixes)
Is it binary? (ignore subscripts)
Is it tertiary? (name polyatomic ion & ignore subscripts)
Does it contain a transition metal?
(use Roman numerals for metal’s charge)
Is it binary? (ignore subscripts)
Is it tertiary? (name polyatomic ion & ignore subscripts)
Nomenclature Review—Chemical Formula from Name
19
Chemical Name
(like sodium chloride, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, iron (II) nitrate)
Is it covalent? (prefixes in name)
Use prefixes to indicate
amount of each element;
no charge balancing
Is it an acid?
(starts with “H”)
Binary acid (starts with “hydro” ends
in “ic”; balance charge between H
and nonmetal)
Tertiary or oxyacid
no “hydro”; may end in “ic” or “ous”; use rules to determine
polyatomic name then balance charge with “H”
Is it ionic?
(no prefixes in name)
Binary ionic
(ends in –ide; balance charge of metal and nonmetal)
Tertiary ionic (may end in –ate, -ite; balance charge of metal and
polyatomic ion)
Transition metal (with Roman numeral; balance charge of metal &
nonmetal)
20
Review– Naming Chemical Compounds
The following are a good mix of naming and formula writing problems to help you get
some practice.
Name the following chemical compounds:
1) NaBr ______________________________________________
2) Ca(C2H3O2)2 ______________________________________________
3) P2O5 ______________________________________________
4) Ti(SO4)2 ______________________________________________
5) FePO4 ______________________________________________
6) K3N ______________________________________________
7) SO2 ______________________________________________
8) CuOH ______________________________________________
9) Zn(NO2)2 ______________________________________________
10) V2S3 ______________________________________________
Write the formulas for the following chemical compounds:
11) silicon dioxide ______________________________________________
12) nickel (III) sulfide _____________________________________________
13) manganese (II) phosphate _____________________________________
14) silver acetate ______________________________________________
15) diboron tetrabromide __________________________________________
16) magnesium sulfate heptahydrate ________________________________
17) potassium carbonate __________________________________________
18) ammonium oxide ____________________________________________
19) tin (IV) selenide ______________________________________________
20) carbon tetrachloride __________________________________________
21
Answers – Naming Chemical Compounds
Name the following chemical compounds:
1) NaBr sodium bromide
2) Ca(C2H3O2)2 calcium acetate
3) P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide
4) Ti(SO4)2 titanium(IV) sulfate
5) FePO4 iron(III) phosphate
6) K3N potassium nitride
7) SO2 sulfur dioxide
8) CuOH copper(I) hydroxide
9) Zn(NO2)2 zinc nitrite
10) V2S3 vanadium(III) sulfide
Write the formulas for the following chemical compounds:
11) silicon dioxide SiO2
12) nickel (III) sulfide Ni2S3
13) manganese (II) phosphate Mn3(PO4)2
14) silver acetate AgC2H3O2
15) diboron tetrabromide B2Br4
16) magnesium sulfate heptahydrate MgSO4.7H2O
17) potassium carbonate K2CO3
18) ammonium oxide (NH4)2O
19) tin (IV) selenide SnSe2
20) carbon tetrachloride CCl4