J.A. Desaeger and P. DahlinUniversity of Florida

Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC), Wimauma, FL

Chemical and biological nematicide testing in tomato

2 tomato field trials – October and March

2 tapes

• Fluensulfone (Nimitz), fluopyram (Velum) and fluazaindolizine (Salibro), applied via drip tape (1 or 2), either by themselves or combined with other nematicides (fumigants and Vydate)

• Biologicals: Majestene and Melocon

• Efficacy against root-knot nematodes

• Effects on plant vigor and yield

• Impact on non-plant parasitic nematode groups

New fluorine (3-F) nematicides

New products are less toxic and more selective – true nematicidesNew modes of action – or unknown; Different soil behavior – efficacy and application

Chemical name Trade name

Structure Soil movement / solubility (water)

Soil ½ life MOA Tox. Cat.

Fumigants (1,3-D) Many Good- Gas Short < 14 d ? Danger

Oxamyl Vydate Good- 240,000 ppm Short 7 d ACheI Danger

Fluensulfone Nimitz Medium- 545 ppm Short 7-17 d ? Caution

Fluopyram Velum Poor – 10 ppm Long > 200 d SDHI Warning

Fluazaindolizine Salibro(reg ‘19)

Medium+ 2000 ppm Medium 30 d ? TBD

Tomato Trial, Gulf Coast REC, October 201610/2/2017

Beach sand … root-knot nematode = Meloidogyne javanica

Root gall ratings on tomato (0-10)10/2/2017

cde cde

bcb b

bcd

e

bc

de

a

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 pt 3.5 pt 3.5 pt +Vydate

1 lb 1 lb +Vydate

2 Qt + 1 2 Qt +Velum

6.5 oz +Vydate

60 gal

Nimitz Salibro Vydate Velum Kpam UTC

Gal

l in

dex

(0

-10

)

4 weeks 8 weeks 14 weeks

All nematicides reduced gall ratings end of the season

Low-medium RKN pressure

Root-knot nematode soil counts - end of season10/2/2017

ab

b

ab

ab

b b

b

ab

ab

a

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3.5 pt 7 pt 3.5 pt +Vydate

1 lb 1 lb +Vydate

2 Qt + 1 2 Qt +Velum

6.5 oz +Vydate

60 gal

Nimitz Salibro Vydate Velum K-pam UTC

J2's

/200

cc

soil

UTC highest root-knot counts; no difference among other PPN: stubby, lance, sting, lesion, spiral, ring, sheath nematodes

Pre-plant and post-treatment soil counts were very low (0-1 J2 / 200 cc soil)

Plant vigor(NDVI) during the season

7

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 11 weeks

ND

VI

(0-1

)

Nimitz + Vydate

Velum + Vydate

Salibro + Vydate

Vydate + Vydate

K-pam

Check

K-pam

Check

K-pam Check

3-F nematicides similar crop vigor, in between check and K-pam

Greenseeker

Tomato Fruit Yield – 3 picks

10/2/2017

b

ab

b bb

b

b

b

a

b

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

3.5 pt 7 pt 3.5 pt +Vydate

1 lb 1 lb +Vydate

2 Qt + 1 2 Qt +Velum

6.5 oz +Vydate

60 gal

Nimitz Salibro Vydate Velum Kpam UTC

LBS

PER

PLO

T

1st pick 2nd pick 3th pick

Sclerotium rolfsii

No difference 1st and 2nd pick; K-pam greatest 3rd pick

Nematode feeding groups in tomato -Early season, 10-20 days post-treatment

10/2/2017 (7-21

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Nimitz Half

Nimitz Full

Velum

Salibro

Vydate

Check

K-pam

Number per 150 cc soil

Bacterivores Fungivores (P<0.01) Omnivores (P<0.01) Herbivores

(a) bacterial feeder, (b) fungal feeder, (c) plant feeder, (d) predator, (e) omnivore.

Fungivores, omnivores and herbivores knocked out … no effect of new nematicides

Nematode feeding groups in tomato –Late season, 120 days post-treatment

10

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Nimitz Half

Nimitz Full

Salibro

Vydate+Velum

Velum+Vydate

Vydate

Check

K-pam

Number per 150 cc soil

Bacterivores (P=0.01) Fungivores (ns) Omnivores (ns) Herbivores (P<0.01)

Herbivores dominate, minor differences among other feeding groups

Tomato Trial, Gulf Coast REC, March 201710/2/2017

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

PicClor60 No fumigant Pic100Chemical / biological

Bacterial toxins, Burkholderia spp, strain A396

Majestene

Nematode parasitcfungus, Paecilomyceslilacinus

Melocon

Organic Nematicides in tomato

Nimitz 7 pt 7 Days before plantingVelum 6.5 oz 1-3 days before plantingSalibro 1 lb ai 1-3 days before plantingVydate 2Qt+1 At planting + 20 daysMajestene 2 gal/A + 1 At planting + 21 daysMelocon 4 lbs/A x 2 At planting + 28 daysUTC

Root gall ratings on tomato (0-10)

AB

BCC

BC

AB

A

ABC

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Gal

l ind

ex (0

-10)

PicClor60

17.5.08 17.5.31 17.6.27

Root gall ratings on tomato (0-10)

AB

E

BC

CD

D

ABA

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Gal

l ind

ex (0

-10)

Pic100

17.5.08 17.5.31 17.6.27

Tomato Fruit Yield – 3 picks

10/2/2017

BA AB AB AB AB AB

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

LBS

PER

PLO

T

1st pick 2st pick 3st pick

Root gall ratings on tomato (0-10)

A

A

A

B

B

B

C

C

C

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

17.5.08 17.5.31 17.6.27

Gal

l ind

ex (0

-10)

none PicClor60 Pic100

Tomato Fruit Yield – 3 picks

10/2/2017

A

BB

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Pic100 PicClor60 None

LBS

PER

PLO

T

1st pick 2st pick 3st pick

Plant vigor(NDVI) during the season

18

Greenseeker

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

17.04.10 17.04.20 17.05.01 17.05.15

ND

VI (

0-1)

Pic100 PicClor60 None

Conclusions

▫ New 3-F Nematicides are less toxic and safer to use – no more danger label

▫ More selective – true nematicides – less impact on non-parasitic nematode feeding groups

▫ New modes of action – or unknown

▫ Different soil behavior – efficacy and application

▫ Not replacements for soil fumigants

▫ Biological nematicides are under further investigations this upcoming tomato season.

10/2/2017

2017 – Gulf Coast REC Nematology Lab

20

• Andrea Ruthes• Jake Helmer• Mike Burrell• Johan Desaeger• Paul Dahlin• Homan Regmi• Chenzhao “Bonnie” Xie• David Moreira