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Chem150 - Survey of Biochemistry
Introduction
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 2
Introduction
• The chemistry we will focus on this semester• Organic Chemistry
• The chemistry of carbon
• Functional groups
• Biochemistry• The chemistry of living systems
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 3
Organic Chemistry
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 4
Organic Chemistry
• Hydrocarbons represent the starting point• Contain only carbon and hydrogen• Groups include Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
C C C C
H H H H
H
HHHH
H
Butane
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 5
Organic Chemistry
• Organic molecule are organized into functional groups• Many contain elements other than carbon and
hydrogen• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Sulfur
• Halogens (F, Cl, Br, & I)
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 6
Organic Chemistry
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 7
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups• Hydroxyl groups (alcohols)
C C C C
H H H H
O
HHHH
H H
HydroxylGroup
1-Butanol
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 8
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups• Amino groups (amines)
C C C C
H H H H
N
HHHH
H H
H
1-Butylamine
AminoGroup
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 9
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups• Carbonyl groups (aldehydes and ketones)
C C C C
O
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Butanal
AldehydeGroup
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 10
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups• Carboxyl groups (carboxylic acids)
C C C C
O
O H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Butanoic acid
CarboxylGroup
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 11
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups• Functional group affect the physical and
chemical properties of organic molecules.
Butane (alkane) Butanol (alcohol) Butylamine (amine)
Butanoic acid (carboxylic acid)Butanal (aldehyde) water
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 12
Organic Chemistry• Functional Groups
• chemical structure affects drug or hormone-receptor interactions
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 13
Organic Chemistry• Functional Groups
• Is this even possible? Or this?
http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/08/airborne.shtm
http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2007/08/hoodia.shtm
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 14
Survey Question (Clicker)
• Do you think there is some validity to HeadOn as a headache cure?
A) Yes
B) No
C) I don’t know
What chemical questions would you want to have answered to decide ?
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 15
Survey Question (Clicker)
Do you have concerns about Nalgene bottles and health risks (esp to babies)?
A) Yes
B) No
C) I don’t know
What chemical questions would you want to have answered to decide ?
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 16
Nalgene polycarbonates
What chemical questions would you want to have answered to decide ?
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 17
ORGANIC MOLECULE IN THE NEWS: Bisphenol A
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 18
PHARMACOPHORE IN THE NEWS: Bisphenol A
http://e.hormone.tulane.edu/learning/estrogens.html
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 19
Biochemistry
• Biological molecules• Amino acids and Proteins• Carbohydrates and Polysaccharides
• Nucleotides and Nucleic acids
• Lipids (Fats, oils)
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 20
Biochemistry
• Biological molecules• Amino acids and Proteins
CN
H
C
O
O H
C
H
HH
H
H
AminoGroup
Carboxylic AcidGroup
Alanine
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 21
Biochemistry
• Biological molecules• Carbohydrates and Polysaccharides
HOO
H
H
HO
H
OH
OHHH
OH
Glucose
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 22
Biochemistry
• Biological molecules• Lipids (Fats, oils)
H3C
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
C
O
O CH2
CH
CH2
H3C
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
C
O
O
H3C
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
C
O
O
Triglyceride
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 23
Biochemistry
• Biological Macromolecules• Proteins, Polysaccharides and Nucleic Acids
• Metabolism• Taking things apart
• Putting things together
• Obtaining and using energy
• Regulation of processes.
