Upload
nikita-dalal
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
1/26
Charts& Graphs
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
2/26
Ungrouped Versus Grouped
Data
Ungrouped data
have not been summarized in any way
are also called raw data Grouped data
have been organized into a frequencydistribution
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
3/26
Example of Ungrouped Data
42
30
53
50
52
30
55
49
61
74
26
58
40
40
28
36
30
33
31
37
32
37
30
32
23
32
58
43
30
29
34
50
47
31
35
26
64
46
40
43
57
30
49
40
25
50
52
32
60
54
Ages of a Sample of
Managers from
Urban Child CareCenters in the
United States
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
4/26
Frequency Distribution of
Child Care Managers Ages
Class Interval Frequency
20-under 30 6
30-under 40 18
40-under 50 11
50-under 60 11
60-under 70 3
70-under 80 1
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
5/26
Data Range
42
30
53
50
52
30
55
49
61
74
26
58
40
40
28
36
30
33
31
37
32
37
30
32
23
32
58
43
30
29
34
50
47
31
35
26
64
46
40
43
57
30
49
40
25
50
52
32
60
54
Smallest
Largest
Range = Largest - Smallest
= 74 - 23
= 51
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
6/26
Number of Classes and Class Width
The number of classes should be between 5 and 15. Fewer than 5 classes cause excessive summarization.
More than 15 classes leave too much detail.
Class Width Divide the range by the number of classes for an
approximate class width Round up to a convenient number
10=WidthClass
8.5=6
51=WidthClasseApproximat
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
7/26
Class Midpoint
Class Midpoint =beginning class endpoint + ending class endpoint
2
= 30 + 402
= 35
Class Midpoint = class beginning point +1
2class width
= 30 +1
210
= 35
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
8/26
Relative Frequency
RelativeClass Interval Frequency Frequency
20-under 30 6 .12
30-under 40 18 .36
40-under 50 11 .22
50-under 60 11 .22
60-under 70 3 .06
70-under 80 1 .02
Total 50 1.00
6
50
18
50
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
9/26
Cumulative Frequency
CumulativeClass Interval Frequency Frequency
20-under 30 6 6
30-under 40 18 24
40-under 50 11 35
50-under 60 11 46
60-under 70 3 49
70-under 80 1 50
Total 50
18 + 6
11 + 24
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
10/26
Class Midpoints, Relative Frequencies,
and Cumulative Frequencies
Relative CumulativeClass Interval Frequency Midpoint Frequency Frequency
20-under 30 6 25 .12 630-under 40 18 35 .36 24
40-under 50 11 45 .22 35
50-under 60 11 55 .22 46
60-under 70 3 65 .06 49
70-under 80 1 75 .02 50
Total 50 1.00
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
11/26
Cumulative Relative Frequencies
Cumulative
Relative Cumulative Relative
Class Interval Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency
20-under 30 6 .12 6 .12
30-under 40 18 .36 24 .48
40-under 50 11 .22 35 .70
50-under 60 11 .22 46 .92
60-under 70 3 .06 49 .98
70-under 80 1 .02 50 1.00Total 50 1.00
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
12/26
Common Statistical Graphs
Histogram -- vertical bar chart of frequencies
Frequency Polygon -- line graph of frequencies
Ogive -- line graph of cumulative frequencies
Pie Chart -- proportional representation forcategories of a whole
Stem and Leaf Plot
Pareto Chart
Scatter Plot
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
13/26
Histogram
Class Interval Frequency
20-under 30 6
30-under 40 1840-under 50 11
50-under 60 11
60-under 70 3
70-under 80 1 0
10
20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Years
Frequency
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
14/26
Histogram Construction
Class Interval Frequency
20-under 30 6
30-under 40 1840-under 50 11
50-under 60 11
60-under 70 3
70-under 80 10
10
20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Years
Frequency
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
15/26
Frequency Polygon
Class Interval Frequency
20-under 30 6
30-under 40 1840-under 50 11
50-under 60 11
60-under 70 3
70-under 80 1 0
10
20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Years
Frequency
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
16/26
Ogive
Cumulative
Class Interval Frequency
20-under 30 630-under 40 24
40-under 50 35
50-under 60 46
60-under 70 49
70-under 80 50
0
20
40
60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Years
Frequency
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
17/26
Relative Frequency Ogive
Cumulative
Relative
Class Interval Frequency
20-under 30 .12
30-under 40 .48
40-under 50 .70
50-under 60 .92
60-under 70 .98
70-under 80 1.00
0.00
0.100.200.300.400.500.600.70
0.800.901.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Years
CumulativeRelativeFrequency
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
18/26
Complaints by Amtrak Passengers
COMPLAINT NUMBER PROPORTION DEGREES
Stations, etc. 28,000 .40 144.0
TrainPerformance
14,700 .21 75.6
Equipment 10,500 .15 50.4
Personnel 9,800 .14 50.6
Schedules,etc.
7,000 .10 36.0
Total 70,000 1.00 360.0
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
19/26
Complaints by Amtrak Passengers
Stations, Etc.
40%Train
Performance
21%
Equipment15%
Personnel
14%
Schedules,
Etc.
10%
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
20/26
Second QuarterTruck
Production in
the U.S.
(Hypothetical
values)
2d Quarter
TruckProductionCompany
A
B
C
D
E
Totals
357,411
354,936
160,997
34,099
12,747
920,190
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
21/26
39%
39%
17%
4%1%
A B C D E
Second Quarter
U.S. Truck Production
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
22/26
Pie Chart Calculations for Company A
2d QuarterTruck
ProductionProportion DegreesCompany
A
B
C
D
E
Totals
357,411
354,936
160,997
34,099
12,747
920,190
.388
.386
.175
.037
.014
1.000
140
139
63
13
5
360
357,411
920,190=
.388 360 =
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
23/26
Safety Examination Scores
for Plant Trainees
86
76
23
77
81
79
68
77
92
59
68
75
83
49
91
47
72
82
74
70
56
60
88
75
97
39
78
94
55
67
83
89
67
91
81
Raw Data Stem
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Leaf
3
9
7 9
5 6 9
0 7 7 8 8
0 2 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 9
1 1 2 3 3 6 8 9
1 1 2 4 7
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
24/26
Construction of Stem and Leaf Plot
86
76
23
77
81
79
68
77
92
59
68
75
83
49
91
47
72
82
74
70
56
60
88
75
97
39
78
94
55
67
83
89
67
91
81
Raw Data Stem
2
3
4
5
6
78
9
Leaf
3
9
7 9
5 6 9
0 7 7 8 8
0 2 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 91 1 2 3 3 6 8 9
1 1 2 4 7
Stem
Leaf
Stem
Leaf
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
25/26
Pareto Chart
0
10
20
30
4050
60
70
80
90100
Poor
Wiring
Short in
Coil
Defective
Plug
Other
Freque
ncy
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%50%
60%
70%
80%
90%100%
7/29/2019 Charts & Graph
26/26
Scatter Plot
Registered Vehicles
(1000's)
Gasoline Sales (1000's
of Gallons)
5 60
15 120
9 90
15 140
7 60
0
100
200
0 5 10 15 20Registered Vehicles
GasolineSales