Charm Physics @ Klaus Peters Ruhr-Universität Bochum and GSI Darmstadt Beijing, Jan 14, 2004

Charm Physics Charm Physics @@

Klaus PetersRuhr-Universität Bochum and GSI Darmstadt

Beijing, Jan 14, 2004

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K. Peters - Charm Physics @ Panda

Where is Darmstadt ?

GSI

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Overview

The Panda Physics Program Charmonium spectroscopy Charmed hybrids and glueballs Interaction of charmed particles with nuclei (Double) Hypernuclei Many further options

Detector Concepts for Panda

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The GSI Future Facility

Existing GSI Facilities

Hadron Physics

Plasma Physics

Condensed Baryonic Matter

Atomic PhysicsRare Isotope

Beams

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The GSI Future Facility

Panda

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The Antiproton Facility

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The Antiproton Facility

Antiproton production similar to CERN,

HESR = High Energy Storage RingProduction rate 107/secPbeam = 1.5 - 15 GeV/c

Nstored = 5 x 1010 p

Gas-Jet/Pellet/Wire Target

High luminosity modeLuminosity = 2 x 1032 cm-2s-1

p/p ~ 10-4 (stochastic cooling)

High resolution modep/p ~ 10-5 (electron cooling)Luminosity = 1031 cm-2s-1

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QCD running coupling constant

2Q

transition from perturbative to non-perturbative regime

Q2 [GeV2]10 1 0.1 0.05p

ert

urb

ati

ve Q

CD

con

sti

tuen

t q

uark

con

fin

em

en

t

meson

s a

nd

bary

on

s

0 0.1 0.3 1Rn r [fm]

Transition from the quark-gluon to the hadronic degrees of freedom

perturbative strong

QCD

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Hybrid mixing

Glueball mixing

Level Mixing

Light quark problemthe mixing

Mixingbroad stateshigh level density

I=1 I=0nn I=0ss I=½

a1 f1 f1’ K1B

b1 h1 h1’ K1A

JPC=JP+

JPC=JP-

Kaon mixingstrong interaction C undefined K1A-K1B

Isoscalar mixingstrong interaction IG, JPC identical η-η‘

Isospin mixingelm interaction ΔI=1 ρ-ω

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Level Mixing

Light quark problemthe mixing

Mixingbroad stateshigh level density

Better:narrow states

and/or lower level densitycharmed systems !

Ex

oti

c lig

ht

qq

Ex

oti

c cc

1 - - 1 - +

0 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0M e V / c2

10 - 2

1

1 0 2

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Charmonium Physics

DD

DD*

ψ(11D2)

ψ(13D2)

ψ(13D3)

ψ(13D1)

Mcc

[G

eV

/c2]

ηc(11S0)

ηc(21S0)

J/ψ(13S1)

χc0(13P0)

χc1(13P1)

χc2(13P2)

h1c(11P1)

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

4.0D*D*

ψ(33S1)

pp [G

eV

/c]

ψ(23S1)

χc0(23P0)

χc1(23P1)

χc2(23P2)

h1c(21P1)ηc(31S0)

3.4

4.1

4.8

5.5

6.3

7.1

8.0

JP=0- 1- 1+ (0,1,2)+ 2- (1,2,3)-

… Exclusive ChannelsHelicity violationG-Parity violationHigher Fock state contributions

Open questions …

ηc – inconsistencies

ηc’ - ψ(2S) splitting

h1c – unconfirmed

Peculiar ψ(4040)

Terra incognita for 2P and 1D-States

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It is extremely important to identify as many missing states above the open charm threshold as possible and to confirm the ones for which we only have a weak evidence

This will require high-statisticssmall-step scans of the

entire energy region accessible at HESR @ GSI

Charmonium States above the DD threshold

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3500 3520 MeV3510C

Ball

ev./

2 M

eV

100

ECM

Charmonium Physics

e+e- interactions:Only 1-- states are formedOther states only bysecondary decays moderate mass resolution

pp reactions:All states directly formedvery good mass resolution

CBallE835

1000

E 8

35

ev./

pb

c1

CBall, Edwards et al. PRL 48 (1982) 70

E835, Ambrogiani et al., PRD 62 (2000) 052002

e+e¡ ! Ã0

! ° Âc1;2! °° J =Ã

! °° e+e¡

p¹p ! Âc1;2! ° J =Ã

! °e+e¡

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ECM

Resonance Scan

Measured Rate

Beam Profile

Resonance Cross Section

small and well controlled beam momentum spread

p/p is extremely important

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Charmonium Physics with pp

Expect 1-2 fb-1 (like CLEO-C)pp (>5.5 GeV/c) J/ψ 107/dpp (>5.5 GeV/c) χc2 (J/ψγ 105/d

pp (>5.5 GeV/c) ηc´( 104/d|rec.?

Comparison of PANDA@HESR to E835charged tracks detector with magnetic field 15 GeV/c maximum mom. instead of 9 GeV/c10x higher Luminosity than achieved before 10x smaller δp/pstable conditions dedicated high energy storage ring

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Charmed Hybrids

LQCD: gluonic excitations of the quark-antiquark-potential may lead to bound states-potential

for one-gluon exchange-potential

from excited gluon flux

mHcc ~ 4.2-4.5 GeV/c2

Light charmed hybridscould be narrow if open charm decays are inaccessible or suppressed

important <r2> and rBreakup

3

3.5

4

1 2

R/r0

V(R)/GeV

J/ψ

χc

ψ‘

Hcc

DD

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S1

S2

S=S1+S2

J=L+S

P=(-1)L+1

C=(-1)L+S

L

Simplest Hybrids

S-Wave+Gluon (qq)8g with ()8=coloured

1S0 3S1 combined with a 1+ or 1- gluon

Gluon 1– (TM) 1+(TE)

1S0, 0–+ 1++ 1––

3S1, 1–– 0+- 0–+

1+- 1–+

2+- 2–+Exotic JPC cannot! be formed by qq

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Proton-Antiproton Annihilation

Production

all JPC available

Formation only selected JPC

p

p recoil

p

p

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Proton-Antiproton Annihilation

Gluon rich process creates gluonic excitation directlycc requires the quarks to annihilate (no rearrangement)yield comparable to charmonium productioneven at low momenta large exotic content has been proven

G

M

p

p

G

p

p

Production all JPC available

only selected JPC

p

p

H

Formation

nng

H

p

p ssg/ccg

M

p

p

H

nng

M

Hp

p

ssg/ccg

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0 2 4 6 8 12 1510

p Momentum [GeV/c]

Mass [GeV/c2]

Two bodythresholds

Molecules

GluonicExcitations

qq Mesons

1 2 3 4 5 6

Hybrids

Hybrids+Recoil

Glueball

Glueball+Recoil

ΛΛΣΣΞΞ

ΛcΛc

ΣcΣc

ΞcΞc

ΩcΩcΩΩ DDDsDs

qqqq ccqq

nng,ssg ccg

ggg,gg

light qqπ,ρ,ω,f2,K,K*

ccJ/ψ, ηc, χcJ

nng,ssg ccg

ggg

Accessible Charmed Hadrons at PANDA @ GSI

Other exotics with identical decay channels same region

conventionalcharmonium

exoticcharmonium

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Heavy Glueballs

Light gg/ggg-systems are

complicated to identify (mixing!)

Exotic heavy glueballsm(0+-) = 4140(50)(200) MeVm(2+-) = 4740(70)(230) MeV

Width unknown, but!nature invests more likely in mass than in momentumnewest proof: double cc yield in e+e-

Flavour-blindnesspredicts decays into charmed final states too

Same run period as hybridsIn addition: scan m>2 GeV/c2

Morningstar,Peardon, PRD60(1999)34509Morningstar,Peardon, PRD56(1997)4043

0+-

2+-

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Open charm discoveries

The DS± Spectrum |cs> +c.c. was not expected to reveal any

surprises, but chiral and heavy quark aspects meet

Potential model

Old measurements

New observations

0 1 0 1 2 3

Ds

Ds*DsJ*

(2317)

Ds1m [

GeV

/c2]

D0K

D*K

DsJ

(2458)

Ds2

JP

# 1267 53 Events in peak

Com

bin

ato

rial D

S*+

DS*+

(21

12

)

BABAR

DsJ*(2317)

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Ds[J][*]± Pairproduction in pp Annihilation

Associated Pair m/MeV/c2 JP Channel (+cc) Final State

Ds(1968.5) Ds (1968.5) 3937.0 0+,1-,2+,3-,4+ Ds+Ds

- 2K-2K++-

Ds (1968.5) Ds*(2112.4) 4080.9 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ Ds

+(Ds-) 2K-2K++-

Ds*(2112.4) Ds

*(2112.4) 4224.8 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds+)(Ds

-) 2K-2K++-

Ds (1968.5) DsJ*(2317.5) 4286.0 0-,1+,2-,3+,4- Ds

+(Ds-0) 2K-2K++-0

Ds (1968.5) DsJ(2458.5) 4427.0 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ Ds+((Ds

-)0) 2K-2K++-0

Ds*(2112.4) DsJ

*(2317.5) 4429.9 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds+)(Ds

-0) 2K-2K++-0

Ds (1968.5) Ds1(2535.4) 4503.9 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ Ds+(D*-K0) 2K-K+KS+2-(0)

Ds (1968.5) DsJ*(2572.4) 4540.9 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ Ds

+(D0K-) 2K-2K++-(0)

Ds*(2112.4) DsJ(2458.5) 4570.9 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds

+)((Ds-)0) 2K-2K++-0

DsJ*(2317.5) DsJ

*(2317.5) 4635.0 0+,1-,2+,3-,4+ (Ds+0)(Ds

-0) 2K-2K++-20

Ds*(2112.4) Ds1(2535.4) 4647.9 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds

+)(D*-K0) 2K-K+KS+2-(0)

Ds*(2112.4) DsJ

*(2572.4) 4684.4 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds+)(D0K-) 2K-2K++-(0)

Ds (1968.5) D1*(2770) 4738.5 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ Ds

+(Ds-+-) 2K-2K+2+2-

DsJ*(2317.5) DsJ(2458.5) 4776.0 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds

+0)((Ds-)0) 2K-2K++-20

Ds (1968.5) D2(2870) 4838.5 0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ Ds+((Ds

-)+-) 2K-2K+2+2-

DsJ*(2317.5) Ds1(2535.4) 4852.9 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds

+0)(D*-K0) 2K-K+KS+2-(1-2)0

Ds*(2112.4) D1

*(2770) 4882.4 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds+)(Ds

-+-) 2K-2K+2+2-

DsJ*(2317.5) DsJ

*(2572.4) 4889.9 0-,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds+0)(D0K-) 2K-2K++-(1-2)0

DsJ(2458.5) DsJ(2458.5) 4917.0 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ ((Ds+)0)((Ds

-)0) 2K-2K++-20

Ds*(2112.4) D2(2870) 4982.4 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (Ds

+)((Ds-)+-) 2K-2K+2+2-

DsJ(2458.5) Ds1(2535.4) 4993.9 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ ((Ds+)0)(D*-K0) 2K-K+KS+2-(1-2)0

DsJ(2458.5) DsJ*(2572.4) 5030.9 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ ((Ds

+)0)(D0K-) 2K-2K++-(1-2)0

Ds1(2535.4) Ds1(2535.4) 5070.8 0-,0+,1-,1+,2-,2+,3-,3+,4-,4+ (D*+K0)(D*-K0) K-K+2KS2+2-(0-2)0

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Charmonium mass shift in nuclear matter

Quantum

numbers

QCD

2nd Stark eff.

Potential

model

QCD

sum rules

Effects of

DD loop

ηc 0-+ –8 MeV [1] –5 MeV [4]

J/ψ 1-- –8 MeV [1] -10 MeV [3] –7 MeV [4] < 2 MeV [5]

c0,1,20,1,2++ -40 MeV [2] -60 MeV [2]

ψ(3686) 1-- -100 MeV [2] < 30 MeV [2]

ψ(3770) 1-- -140 MeV [2] < 30 MeV [2]

[1] Peskin, NPB 156(1979)365, Luke et al., PLB 288(1992)355

[2] Lee, nucl-th/0310080

[3] Brodsky et al, PRL 64(1990)1011

[4] Klingel, Kim, Lee, Morath, Weise, PRL 82(1999)3396

[5] Lee, Ko PRC 67(2003)038202

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Further Experiments and Optional extensions

Hypernuclear physics 3rd dimension of nuclear chartFocus: Double Hypernuclei

Inverted DVCS - WACSMeasure dynamics of quarks and gluons in a hadronHandbag diagram – electromagnetic final states

Proton Formfactors at large Q2

s up to 25 GeV2/c4

D(S)-PhysicsSpectroscopy: Threshold productionBR and decay Dalitz plots with high statistics

CP-Violation in the D-Sector

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Proposed Detector (Overview)

High RatesTotal σ ~ 55 mb

Vertexing(σp,KS,Λ,…)

Charged particle ID(e±,μ±,π±,p,…)

Magnetic tracking

Elm. Calorimetry(γ,π0,η)

Forward capabilities(leading particles)

Sophisticated Trigger(s)

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Tracking: Straw Tube Tracker

Number of double layersSkew angle of dbl layers 1 and 15 Skew angle of dbl layers 2-14

150o

2o-3o

Straw tube wall thicknessWire thicknessGas

LengthDiameter of tubes in double layers 1-5, 6-10, and 11-15Number of straw tubes

26 mm20 mm90%He10%C4H10 150 cm4 mm6 mm8 mm8734

Transverse resolution sx,y

Longitudinal resolution sz

150 mm 1 mm

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PID: DIRC (Cherenkov)

less space than aero gel costs of calorimeterno problems with field

BaBar@SLAC

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Electromagnetic Calorimeter

Detector material PbWO4 (or BGO)

Photo sensors Avalanche Photo Diodes

Crystal size 35 x 35 x 150 mm3 (i.e 1.5 x 1.5 RM2 x 17 X0)

Energy resolution 1.54 % / E[GeV] + 0.3 % (PWO)

Time resolution 130 ps

Total number of crystals 7150

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Simulation on ppψ(3770)DD

using D±K±π±π±

backgroundsignal-to-background 1:O(107)background from DPM generator

plain reconstructionsignal-to-background 6:1

mass difference Δm=m2K4π-mK2π,a-mK2π,b

m=Δm+2mD,PDG

signal-to-background O(100):1

including Kalman fittingexpect another factor of 5

3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3

20406080

100120140160180

Mass from Δm (GeV/c2)3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3

1

10

102

counts

/hou

r/0.0

1 G

eV

Mass (GeV/c2)

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Simulation on ppηcγγ

FermiLab E835|cosθ*|<0.25σ(ηcγγ) = 200 nb

signal-to-background 1:1

main background π0γ and π0π0

main cutsmissing mass squared <0.16 GeV2/c4

cosθγγ<-0.9999

signal-to-background(5.1±0.4):1

Mass (GeV/c2)

counts

/10k/0

.02 G

eV

2.8 2.9 30

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

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Participating Institutes(with Representative in the Coordination Board)

U Basel

IHEP Beijing

U Bochum

U Bonn

U & INFN Brescia

U & INFN Catania

U Cracow

GSI Darmstadt

TU Dresden

JINR Dubna (LIT,LPP,VBLHE)

U Edinburgh

U Erlangen

NWU Evanston

U & INFN Ferrara

U Frankfurt

LNF-INFN Frascati

U & INFN Genova

U Glasgow

U Gießen

KVI Groningen

IKP Jülich I + II

U Katowice

IMP Lanzhou

U Mainz

U & Politecnico & INFN Milano

U Minsk

TU München

U Münster

BINP Novosibirsk

45 Institutes from 12 Countries:

U Pavia

IHEP Protvino

PNPI Gatchina

U of Silesia

U Stockholm

KTH Stockholm

U & INFN Torino

Politechnico di Torino

U Oriente, Torino

U & INFN Trieste

U Tübingen

U & TSL Uppsala

IMEP Vienna

SINS Warsaw

U Warsaw

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Press Release 16/2003, http://www.bmbf.de

05.02.2003

Bulmahn gives green light for large-scale research equipment "We are securing an international top position for German basic research"

...Basic research in the natural sciences has a long tradition in Germany. Its success is inextricably linked with the use of large-scale equipment at national and international research centres. "With the new concept, basic research in Germany will start from an excellent position when entering a new decade of successful work", Minister Bulmahn said.

Together with European partners, the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt is to develop further its equipment in a phased approach and become a leading european physics centre. At least 25% of the costs amounting to €675 million are to be shouldered by foreign partners.

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Summary & Outlook

The The PANDAPANDA experiment at the experiment at the

antiproton facility antiproton facility HESR @ GSIHESR @ GSI

addresses many addresses many important questionsimportant questions

in in open open and and hidden charm physicshidden charm physics

Status:Status:

Letter of Intent: Jan. 15, 2004Letter of Intent: Jan. 15, 2004

Technical Report: Dec. 15, 2004Technical Report: Dec. 15, 2004

Technical Design Report: 2005-2007Technical Design Report: 2005-2007

Commissioning: 2011Commissioning: 2011

Documents

Charm Physics @ Klaus Peters Ruhr-Universität Bochum and GSI Darmstadt Beijing, Jan 14, 2004