Characterizing Collaboration in the Klamath Basin, USA An Exercise in Institutional Mapping Brian C...
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Characterizing Collaboration in the Klamath Basin, USA An Exercise in Institutional Mapping Brian C Chaffin Department of Geosciences Oregon State University
Characterizing Collaboration in the Klamath Basin, USA An
Exercise in Institutional Mapping Brian C Chaffin Department of
Geosciences Oregon State University *Image of Klamath Basin
National Wildlife Refuge by ex_magician under creative commons
licenseex_magician
Slide 2
Presentation Outline Identification of a Problem: Complexity
Case Study: The Klamath Basin Investigation Technique:
Institutional Mapping Next Steps: Defining Space for Coordinated
Restoration Expected Research Outcomes: Restoration Planning
Broader Impacts: Effective Basin-Scale Restoration
Slide 3
Across the Pacific Northwest, restoring rivers to some form of
historical function is becoming increasingly important to a wide
audience of human actors and institutions.
Slide 4
The concept of river restoration takes on very different
meanings for different groups: The return of anadromous fish
Connectivity Historical flows Habitat Dam removal Spiritual
renewal
Slide 5
Klickitat River, Yakima Native Fishermen: Rob Finch/The
Oregonian
http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2008/05/_fidelia_andy_was_a.html
Elwha River: Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries
Service
http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/features/elwha_river/elwha-restoration.cfm
San Juan River
http://moldychum.typepad.com/moldy_chum/2008/06/coalition-of-ag.html
Marmot Dam Removal: American Rivers
http://www.americanrivers.org/newsroom/blog/
Slide 6
In Oregon, River restoration is important to... Tribes
Agriculture Recreationalists Public land management agencies
Environmental groups Commercial fishing industry
Slide 7
Problem Statement The function of a large river ecosystem is a
product of complex interactions between social and ecological
processes throughout the watershed Current governance institutions
such as the Clean Water Act (CWA) fail to provide a unified
governance approach to regulate and coordinate restoration efforts
across a large river basin Local approaches to river restoration
governance exist but are not well coordinated across large river
basins
Slide 8
Can multiple, locally based institutions or stakeholder groups
collaborate across both space and time to manage a large-scale
river basin restoration program?
Slide 9
...the traditional, segmented approach [to large natural
systems restoration] was largely ineffective. The only way to
proceed is to use the best available science to comprehend the
interconnected problems and to work on all aspects of restoration
simultaneously and comprehensively. -Mary Doyle from Large-Scale
Ecosystem Restoration (2008)
Slide 10
The Klamath Basin: A Case Study
Slide 11
Large Dams Outbreaks of Blue-Green Algae Agricultural Runoff
(NPS) Agricultural Runoff (NPS) Endangered Species Habitat
Endangered Species Habitat
Slide 12
Graphic created for a three part series on the issues
surrounding the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement Channel 12
KDRV, Medford, OR April 2009
Slide 13
The Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement 2010 The Klamath Basin
Restoration Agreement (KBRA) & Klamath Basin Hydroelectric
Settlement Agreement (KHSA) Taken together, these agreements
comprise one of the most comprehensive restoration projects and
water management agreements ever envisioned (Gosnell & Kelly
2010) Reflects need to address social, economic, and ecological
stressors in an integrated manner
Slide 14
Initial Research Goal Review the KBRA & KHSA Explain the
institutional structure of the agreements Determine if the
provisions within the KBRA & KHSA create sufficient legal &
jurisdictional space to allow locally-based institutions the
ability to collaborate and focus efforts toward holistic
basin-scale restoration
Slide 15
Simple, right?
Slide 16
Operational structure of the Klamath Basin Restoration
Agreement
Slide 17
Institutional Mapping: What is it? Institutional Mapping is a
process A method employed to create a model of a real world
operational environment Involves research and presentation about
what actually happens among resource users No single preferred
method to map institutions Multiple maps can be equally accurate
Common forms include flow charts, tables, Venn diagrams, and
cartographic maps
Slide 18
Institutional Mapping: History Stems from long history of
mapping social space in Geography (Claval 1984) Charting the
diverse forms of accountability, representation and participation
(Wilks-Heeg 2005) Informed by underlying meta-theory (Aligica 2006)
Compared with similar techniques such as social network, mobility,
and cognitive mapping (The World Bank 2011)
Slide 19
Institutional Mapping: Components Organizations: groups of
people organized to achieve a common goal (governments agencies,
communities of practice, NGOs, Tribes, firms, etc.) Sets of rules:
institutions that govern ownership and use of resources,
production, exchange, and consumption under which economies work
(statutes, common and administrative law, social ethics, values,
norms, etc)
Slide 20
Institutional Mapping: Process 1.An inventory of institutions
2.An analysis of institutional roles and linkages including power,
influence, and position in space (physical or perceived) 3.A
textual or visual depiction of the institutional environmenta map
(Aligica 2006)
Slide 21
C.L. Smith 2002 Argued that institutional mapping is a process
that builds on the logic of GIS though not distinctly cartographic
He layered three coverages qualitatively derived measures of scale,
power, and capital over four institutions involved in watershed
management Analysis yielded a ranking of institutional influence on
watershed management
Slide 22
Stimie et al. 2001 Study of water users in the Olifants and
Steelport River Basins in Africa Coined the term
hydro-institutional mapping Conducted qualitative research
(interviews, surveys, document review) to determine an actual,
quantified relationship between institutions and water use In the
process, defined previously unknown blockages to collective
management of water resources
Slide 23
Operational structure of the Klamath Basin Restoration
Agreement
Slide 24
Slide 25
Slide 26
Slide 27
Next Steps 1.Through qualitative field work and extensive
document review, further catalog and define institutions involved
in the KBRA & KHSA including a characterization of
relationships between institutions 2.Create a similar map based
solely on stakeholder perceptions of how the KBRA & KHSA will
function if implemented (use cognitive mapping techniques)
3.Combine the informed KBRA & KHSA map with the perception map
to define the space within which Klamath stakeholders will operate
under the agreements
Slide 28
Expected Outcomes Apply the mapped dimensions of the
institutional environment to an on the ground issue of basin-scale
restoration such as improvements in water quality Based on the
results of the institutional mapping exercise, propose a scenario
that allows for: The coordination of existing collaborative
institutions Basin-scale management of collaborative restoration
activities A plan to monitor the aggregate effects of coordinating
collaboration for restoration, both ecologically and
institutionally
Slide 29
Broader Impacts Define the people, processes, level of
influence, and any institutional relation to the resource that led
the Klamath Basin stakeholders to take on Basin scale restoration
Provide the academic community and resource stakeholders with a
practical model for defining and mapping the pattern of governing
collaboration across a varied yet connected ecological space To
replicate this process for coordinating collaborative restoration
in other geographic contexts Why does this matter:
Slide 30
References Aligica, Paul Dragos, 2006. Institutional and
Stakeholder Mapping: Frameworks for Policy Analysis and
Institutional Change. Public Organization Review 6:79-90. Claval,
Paul, 1984. The Concept of Social Space and the Nature of Social
Geography. New Zealand Geographer 40(2):105-109. Gosnell, H., and
E. C. Kelly, 2010. Peace on the River? Social-Ecological
Restoration and Large Dam Removal in the Klamath Basin, USA. Water
Alternatives 3(2): 361-383. Smith, C. L., 2002. Institutional
Mapping of Oregon Coastal Watershed Management Options. Ocean &
Coastal Management 45(6-7):357-375. Stimie, C., E. Richters, H.
Thompson, S. Perret, M. Matete, K. Abdallah, J. Kau, and E.
Mulibana. 2001. Hydro-Institutional Mapping in the Steelport River
Basin, South Africa. In Working Paper 17 (South Africa Working
Paper No. 6). Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management
Institute. The World Bank. 2011. Tool Name: Institutional
Perception Mapping. In Poverty & Social Impact Analysis
Sourcebook. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.