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CHARACTERIZATION OF OCEAN SUBMESOSCALE TURBULENCE REGIMES FROM SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES J. Isern-Fontanet, A. Turiel, E. Olmedo Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia Submesoscale Processes: Mechanisms, Implications and new Frontiers University of Liège, Liège (Belgium)

CHARACTERIZATION OF OCEAN SUBMESOSCALE …modb.oce.ulg.ac.be/colloquium/2016/presentations/ILC2016-201.pdfSST PATTERNS Under certain circumstances SST exhibit convoluted patterns along

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Page 1: CHARACTERIZATION OF OCEAN SUBMESOSCALE …modb.oce.ulg.ac.be/colloquium/2016/presentations/ILC2016-201.pdfSST PATTERNS Under certain circumstances SST exhibit convoluted patterns along

CHARACTERIZATION OF OCEAN SUBMESOSCALE TURBULENCE REGIMES FROM SATELLITE

OBSERVATIONS OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURESJ. Isern-Fontanet, A. Turiel, E. Olmedo

Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia

Submesoscale Processes: Mechanisms, Implications and new Frontiers

University of Liège, Liège (Belgium)

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OBSERVED REGIMES

BT, not SST (Isern-Fontanet & Hascoët JGR 2014)

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SST PATTERNS

➤ Under certain circumstances SST exhibit convoluted patterns along fronts that can crowd relatively large areas of the ocean

➡ Mixed Layer Instabilities (MLIs) have been identified as a possible mechanism (e.g. Boccaletti et al. JPO 2007)

➡ Ubiquitous: Argentinian shelf (Capet et al. GRL 2008), Mediterranean, South Atlantic, …

➡ Seasonal variability (e.g. Capet et al. GRL 2008, Callies et al. Nature 2015)

➤ Relevant for climate models (Fox-Kemper et al. JPO 2008, OM 2011)

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OBJECTIVES

➤ Objective 1 (not this talk): characterize the spatiotemporal variability of these patterns at global scale

➤ Objective 2 (this talk): find a metric able to quantify the presence of submesoscale instabilities in a satellite image (or model snapshot)

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WHY (INFRARED) SST?

➤ High resolution instruments

➡ Typically O(1 km)

➤ Global coverage

➡ Limited by clouds

➤ Many dedicated instruments

➡ short revisit time O(1h)

➤ Long time-series are available

➡ AVHRR (80s - now)

➡ (A)ATSR/SLSTR (90s - now)

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DATA

➤ SST (not BT): AATSR (Envisat), 2002-2012

➤ Ionian basin (Mediterranean Sea): favorable cloud cover, MLI

➤ Focus on an initial set of images, satellite pass: 457 & 915

➤ However, horrible masks!

P. Le Borgne (Pers. Comm)

512 pixels

512 pixels512 km

512 km

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CLASSIFICATION OF TURBULENT REGIMES

➤ Here, we have classified SST images into two regimes:

➡ Local: dominated by submesoscale instabilities O(1-10 km)

➡ Non-local: dominated by mesoscale vortices and filaments

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SPECTRAL ANALYSIS

➤ Spectral slopes do not allow to identify different regimes

k-2

➤ Well-known result

➤ 80% cloud-free pixels

➤ Additional difficulties

➡ Bad cloud mask

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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PHASE

➤ Armi & Flamand (JGR 1985): spectra do not reflect the complexity of the surface patterns produced by oceanic flows that is generally contained into the phase of Fourier transforms.

➤ Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) captured the nature of turbulent flows by drawing only its phase.

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SINGULARITY EXPONENTS

➤ Mathematically, the ‘Da Vinci approach’ can be implemented through singularity analysis

➤ The behavior of SST, , around any point is described by a local power law

➤ The exponent is called the singularity exponent.

➡ Local degree of singularity or regularity around the point

➤ provides information about the location and intensity of fronts

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APPLICATION TO SST

➤ We use the algorithm developed by Pont et al. (IJCM 2013) to compute for each pixel

➡ This method introduces a -1 shift in the value of

➡ Robust numerical implementation

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THE SINGULARITY SPECTRUM

➤ The singularity spectrum D(h) describes the fractal dimension dF of a subset of points that have the same

➡ Computed from the PDF of singularity exponents

➡ It gives the ‘volume’ occupied by fronts with intensity given by h

➤ Change of view to fractal dimension vs. front intensity

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➤ The observed singularity spectra are always asymmetric to respect hmax.

THE OBSERVED SINGULARITY SPECTRUM

stronger gradients (smaller h)

weaker gradients (larger h)

Parabolic model

Observations

Frac

tal d

imen

sion

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PHENOMENOLOGY (I)

➤ The presence of convoluted fronts generates wider singularity spectra

➤ We use the amplitude of D(h) to classify the observed regimes

2009/11/18

2008/06/11

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PHENOMENOLOGY (II)

➤ The amplitude changes continuously

➤ Sensititive to weak fronts: asymmetric growth

2009/11/18

2008/06/112008/08/20

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SPECTRAL SLOPES VS. SINGULARITY SPECTRUM

➤ D(h) of images dominated by MLI tend to envelope those of images dominated by mesoscale features

➤ Some exceptions: wrong/ambiguous visual classification

➤ Spectral slopes does not distinguish between them

2009/11/18

2008/08/20

2008/06/11

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2009/11/18

2008/06/11

2008/08/20

➤ Care must be taken when comparing from different sensors

➡ Noise tends to decrease

➡ More robust results are obtained reducing resolution (by 2)

➤ Large data gaps due to cloud cover generates unphysical D(h).

➡ More difficult to visually classify images

IMPACT OF CLOUD COVERAGE AND NOISE

➤ Cloud coverage can be used as a quality index

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INTERMITTENCY

➤ The amplitude of D(h) is a measure of the intermittency of the flow

➤ Observations point to an increase of intermittency with the development of instabilities

➤ The scaling exponents of the structure functions can be derived from D(h)

➡ No additional information is provided

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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

➤ Singularity spectra provides a complementary view: fractal dimension vs. front intensity

➤ The presence of MLI continuously widens the singularity spectra, which implies an increase of the intermittency of the flow

➤ Preliminary results suggest that the amplitude of the singularity spectra can be used to quantify the presence of MLI

➤ Current work:

➡ Analyze a larger dataset (and confirm the results)

➡ Challenge: develop a local criterion (long-term)

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Thank you

[email protected]

 

1 de 3 / Instrucciones para rellenar la memoria científico-técnica

MEMORIA CIENTÍFICO-TÉCNICA DE PROYECTOS EXPLORA

Este documento está preparado para que pueda rellenarse en el formato establecido como obligatorio en las convocatorias (artículo 11.7.a): letra Times New Roman o Arial de un tamaño mínimo de 11 puntos; márgenes laterales de 2,5 cm; márgenes superior e inferior de 1,5 cm; y espaciado mínimo sencillo. La parte C (“Documento científico”) de la memoria deberá tener una extensión máxima de 10 páginas, incluidos todos sus apartados. No se admitirán memorias con contenidos propios de la parte C incluidos en las partes A o B. La memoria consta de tres partes: la parte A contiene información general y básica de la propuesta; la parte B es una autoevaluación del proyecto y la relación de los componentes del equipo de trabajo; la parte C es el documento científico propiamente dicho. Con carácter general:

1. Las memorias pueden rellenarse en español o en inglés, a excepción de la parte A: RESUMEN DE LA PROPUESTA/SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSAL, que debe rellenarse en ambos idiomas.

2. Se recomienda rellenar la memoria empleando un ordenador con sistema operativo Windows y usando como procesador de textos MS Word (MS Office).

3. Una vez terminada la memoria en Word, deberá convertir el archivo en formato pdf (de no más de 4Mb) y aportarlo en la aplicación informática de solicitud del proyecto en el apartado Añadir documentos > Memoria científico-técnica.

Toda la información de este apartado deberá también rellenarse en la aplicación de solicitud para que los campos puedan explotarse informáticamente, aunque se incluyen también en la memoria para facilitar las tareas de evaluación. Se aconseja que se utilice el copiar y pegar desde la memoria hasta la aplicación informática de solicitud o viceversa para que no haya inconsistencias en el contenido de los textos. Todos los campos de este apartado deberán rellenarse obligatoriamente en inglés y en español. El resumen de la propuesta/summary of the proposal (con un máximo de 2.000 caracteres en la aplicación de solicitud) contendrá los aspectos más relevantes de la propuesta, así como los objetivos planteados y los resultados esperados. Su contenido podrá ser publicado a efectos de difusión si el proyecto resultara financiado en esta convocatoria, salvo que haya indicado expresamente en la aplicación de solicitud que existen resultados susceptibles de ser protegidos.

INSTRUCCIONES PARA RELLENAR LA MEMORIA CIENTÍFICO-TÉCNICA

AVISO IMPORTANTE En virtud del artículo 11 de la convocatoria NO SE ACEPTARÁN NI SERÁN SUBSANABLES MEMORIAS CIENTÍFICO-TÉCNICAS que no se presenten en este formato.

Parte A: RESUMEN DE LA PROPUESTA/SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSAL