Characterization CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 Nano-Based New Generation Heterojunction Organometallic Perovskite Solar Cell Using Thin-

Film Technology

Aloke Verma1, a), A K Diwakar1, R P Patel2, Payal Goswami3

1Department of Physics, Kalinga University, Atal Nagar, Raipur (C.G.) India-4921012 2Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur, (C.G.), India-495009

3Department of Mathematics, Govt. Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Arts and Science PG College, Bemetara (C.G.) India-491335 a)Corresponding author: alokeverma1785@gmail.com

Abstract: CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 nano-based heterojunction organometallic perovskite solar cells (HOPSCs) have fascinated a great deal of responsiveness due to their collective advantages of high efficiency and have shown a lightning future as a photovoltaic semiconductor in next era solar cells having noble and auspicious photochemical nature. In the last decay, we have observed great progress in the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) efficiency recorded and presently recorded maximum efficiency of PSCs has reached 28.0% (Oxford PV) and it was reported at a very microdevice range of fewer than 1 mm2. That way, the power conversion area increasing to a micro level, the efficiency record has unexpected changes. The characteristic causes are mainly credited to poor quality management mechanism of huge-surface HOPSCs using thin-film technology and lacking optimization of solar module design. In the current stage we all facing tow major obstacles like commercialization and new technology of PSCs research and development. That work, we observed magnificence development of huge-surface HOPSCs using thin-film technology solar modules and characterization based on standard solar cell parameters.

Keywords: Heterojunction; Perovskite; Organometallic; PSCs; Efficiency.

INTRODUCTION

Recently, OLHPSCs have getting the attention of all researhes for its remarkable low-cost and high-efficiency quality. Here, CH3NH3PbI3 have been used as a vital materials in the development of HEPSs [1]. Its remarkable development has been made in PCEs by sustainable design of structures and control of interfaces. In mesoporous nanostructured devices, the function of OHPs is usually regarded as a sensitizer. OHPs are work as an ELA and HTM concurrently. Outwardly, such photovoltaic devices without HTM are simpler, and save the cost of raw materials. Although the work efficiency of solar cells is required to improwise and recorded to great potential in real applications. On that work, CH3NH3PbI3 was deposited on the oriented TiO2 grown in an ethanol–solvothermal system by a spin-coating method. The PV properties of CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 edge were rcorded by XRD, SEM and J-V measurements [2].

EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

CH3NH3I successfully designed and synthesis by various researcher are already reported. Stirred in the ice bath of 10 mL of HCL (60 wt.%, Sigma-Aldrich) and 14 mL of CH3NH2 (40% in CH3OH, Sigma-Aldrich) for 2 Hrs and at 90°C evaporated the resulting solution. CH3NH3I desiccated at 60 °C in a direct hot air method for 24 Hrs [3]. Fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass slide (FTO, 13 Ω/sq, Sigma-Aldrich)was cleaned by CH3COCH3, (CH3)2CHOH, and CH3CH2OH all products brand was used of Sigma-Aldrich. After cleaning, TiO2 surface was created by spin-coating at 2400 rpm, heated at 450°C for 30 min in the presence of air [4]. In short we used following chemical, TNBT (97%, 1 mL, Sigma-Aldrich) was dropped into CH3CH2OH (6 mL, Sigma-Aldrich) further down stirring for 60 min. CH3COCH2COCH3 (99 %, 1 mL, Sigma-Aldrich) was added with stirring 40 min, CH3CH2OH (3 mL, Sigma-Aldrich) was added. Then, CH3CO2H (99 %, 1 mL, Sigma-Aldrich) solutions were added into the solution, stirred for 30 min, subsequently spun coating at 2400 rpm for 40 s [5]. The concerned with TiO2 films on compact TiO2 coated FTO substrates were synthesized. After the synthesis prosess maintened 1 Hrs for heat treatment using furnace at 450°C, successively raised to 550°C and maintained again for 1Hrs. After the above successive process PSCs solution was spray on the TiO2 surface and rotated at 2400 rpm for 40 s using inert gas-filled closed box [6]. After this it was heated for 30 min at 120 °C. In conclusion, a Au surface (~220 nm) was placed on the top of perovskite surface by thermal evaporation at 10-3 Pa to ample the cell device. The active area of nearly 0.079 cm2 for the devices was determined by a using a shadow mask [7].

mailto:alokeverma1785@gmail.com

TABLE 1 Determination of radii of A cation in APbX3 (for the coordination

number of 6)

rPb X rA at t = 0.8 rA at t = 1.0

Pb2+ (1.20 Å) I – (2.19 Å) 1.65 Å 2.6 Å

FIGURE 1 (a) Octahedral structure of ABX3 type perovskite and (b) Unit cell of cubic CH3NH3PbI3.

FIGURE 2 XRD characterization of CH3NH3PbI3

FIGURE 3 (a) Schematic illustration of pn junction structure and (b) Energy level diagram with CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2.

FIGURE 4 Crossectional SEM image of CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Figure 1 shows the octahedral structure of perovskite solar cell and figure 2 XRD characterization of CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 [8]. The peaks are shows the confermention of tetragonal mixed octrahedral structure and lattice parameters are a = b = 8.78 Å and c = 12.77 Å. Here, Figure 3 (a) schematic illustration of pn junction structure and (b) shows the energy level diagram of CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 [9]. They was shows the transfer mechanism of electron and hole Au based electrode, the power conversion efficiency is reported 8.06 %. Figure 4 shows the SEM image of TiO2 based CH3NH3PbI3 with Au electrode and FTO planer surface and peaks indicates the I – ions located in axial positions [10].

FIGURE 5 J–V characteristics of CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 in the dark and under illumination of 100 mW/cm-2.

Figure 5 shows the J–V characteristics of CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 in the dark and under illumination of 100 mW/cm-2 of AM

1.5G simulated solar spectrum. On Au electrode positive voltage applied and without illumination clear rectifying behavior can be observed [11]. Here, HR ratio of ~ 500 is obtained in the dark and the solar cell exhibits the JSC of 13.6 mA/cm2; VOC of 0.67 V; FF of 46.0 % and PCE of 8.0%. And other side, J-V curves near the open-circuit voltage under illumination and in the dark much difference recorded. But, on this work reported result is shows the better way with last reported results of other types of solar cells [12].

CONCLUSIONS

The heterojunction solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 film grown in an thin-film deposition method. The high efficiency of the CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 heterojunction is recognized to the large values of eVbi and ∆Ev. The degradation behavior of CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 heterojunction solar cells without encapsulation showed that PCE remained 20.01% after storage under

the ideal laboratory nature for 15 days [13]. Consequently, the successfully formed of CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 ideal p-n heterojunction appropriate for the PV application. Furthermore, the compact and oriented TiO2 layers may play a vital role in the permanence of such solar cells.

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INTRODUCTIONEXPERIMENTAL METHOD_Hlk52609403RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONCONCLUSIONSREFERENCES: