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Characteristics Characteristics of Lifeof Life
Friday, April 21, 2023 1© Ryan Barrow 2008
ObjectivesObjectives
Friday, April 21, 2023 2© Ryan Barrow 2008
Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life
There is no one definition of life that There is no one definition of life that is accepted by scientists.is accepted by scientists.
However, life is defined by the However, life is defined by the properties and functions properties and functions characteristic of living thingscharacteristic of living things
Life Functions {Properties of Life} Life Functions {Properties of Life} are the various activities carried on are the various activities carried on by living things.by living things.
Friday, April 21, 2023 3© Ryan Barrow 2008
Properties of LifeProperties of Life
OrderOrder ReproductionReproduction Growth and Growth and
DevelopmentDevelopment NutritionNutrition
Energy UtilizationEnergy Utilization RespirationRespiration
Response to Response to StimuliStimuli
Friday, April 21, 2023 4© Ryan Barrow 2008
OrderOrder All other All other
characteristics of life characteristics of life emerge from an emerge from an organismorganism’’s complex s complex organizationorganization Made up of cellsMade up of cells
A single cell can be an A single cell can be an organismorganism BacteriaBacteria UnicellularUnicellular
Most organisms are Most organisms are multicellularmulticellular
Friday, April 21, 2023 5© Ryan Barrow 2008
Energy UtilizationEnergy Utilization
Energy is used to grow, develop and Energy is used to grow, develop and reproducereproduce
AnabolismAnabolism Process in a living thing that involves Process in a living thing that involves
putting things together, or synthesizing putting things together, or synthesizing complex substances from simpler complex substances from simpler substancessubstances PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
Photo = LightPhoto = Light Synthesis = put togetherSynthesis = put together
Friday, April 21, 2023 6© Ryan Barrow 2008
Energy Utilization #2Energy Utilization #2
CatabolismCatabolism Changing complex substances into Changing complex substances into
simpler onessimpler ones Results in a release of energyResults in a release of energy Can animals perform photosynthesis?Can animals perform photosynthesis?
MetabolismMetabolism The total sum of all chemical reactions The total sum of all chemical reactions
in the bodyin the body The balance of anabolism and catabolismThe balance of anabolism and catabolism
Friday, April 21, 2023 7© Ryan Barrow 2008
Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development Growth involves the increase in cell number Growth involves the increase in cell number
and cell sizeand cell size What growth spurt are you going through What growth spurt are you going through
right now?right now? When does an organism stop When does an organism stop
growing/developing?growing/developing? What tells our body that it is time for a cell to die?What tells our body that it is time for a cell to die? How often do humans replace every cell in their How often do humans replace every cell in their
body?body? Growth-->Aging-->DeathGrowth-->Aging-->Death
How can you tell when a tree has died?`How can you tell when a tree has died?`
Friday, April 21, 2023 8© Ryan Barrow 2008
ReproductionReproduction The sexual or asexual The sexual or asexual
process by which process by which organisms generate new organisms generate new individuals of the same individuals of the same kind.kind. CellularCellular
AsexualAsexual The Cell CycleThe Cell Cycle
MitosisMitosis SexualSexual
MeiosisMeiosis
OrganismOrganism AsexualAsexual
BuddingBudding
Sexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction SexSex
Friday, April 21, 2023 9© Ryan Barrow 2008
Organism Sexual Organism Sexual Reproduction*Reproduction*
PlantsPlants DicotyledonDicotyledon
A type of A type of floweringflowering plant that contains plant that contains both sperm and both sperm and eggseggs
Friday, April 21, 2023 10© Ryan Barrow 2008
Organism Sexual Organism Sexual ReproductionReproduction
*Plants*Plants FertilizationFertilization
Self Self PollinationPollinationTransfer of Transfer of pollen (sperm) pollen (sperm) from an from an anther to a anther to a stigma of the stigma of the samesame flower. flower.
Friday, April 21, 2023 11© Ryan Barrow 2008
Sexual ReproductionSexual ReproductionPlantsPlants
FertilizationFertilization Cross Cross
PollinationPollination The transfer of The transfer of
pollen from an pollen from an anther of the anther of the flower of one flower of one plant to a stigma plant to a stigma of the flower of of the flower of anotheranother plant. plant.
Friday, April 21, 2023 12© Ryan Barrow 2008
Response to Response to Stimuli/EnvironmentStimuli/Environment
Involves behaviors, metabolism and Involves behaviors, metabolism and growthgrowth
What are some environmental What are some environmental pressures that you, as a human, pressures that you, as a human, respond to?respond to? OdorsOdors LightLight SoundSound TemperatureTemperature
Friday, April 21, 2023 13© Ryan Barrow 2008
Response to Response to Stimuli/Environment IIStimuli/Environment II
HomeostasisHomeostasis Process by which organisms respond to stimuli in ways Process by which organisms respond to stimuli in ways
that keep their body suitable for lifethat keep their body suitable for life Refers to an organismRefers to an organism’’s ability to maintain a constant or s ability to maintain a constant or
stable conditionstable condition Regulation mechanism to maintain an organisms Regulation mechanism to maintain an organisms
internal environmentinternal environment Provides capacity to evolve--Provides capacity to evolve--””micro-evolutionmicro-evolution””
How does the human body respond in a hot How does the human body respond in a hot environment?environment?
What household appliance provides a great What household appliance provides a great example of homeostasis?example of homeostasis?
Friday, April 21, 2023 14© Ryan Barrow 2008