Characteristics of Biomass Combustion in a CFB .... Jong-Min Lee... · 2010-05-10 1 Characteristics of Biomass Combustion in a CFB BoilerCombustion in a CFB Boiler Jong-Mi LMin Lee,

2010-05-10

1

Characteristics of Biomass Combustion in a CFB BoilerCombustion in a CFB Boiler

J Mi LJong-Min Lee, Dong-Won Kim, Jae-Sung Kim

Green Growth LaboratoryKorea Electric Power Research Institute

KEPRI, Plug-in Future

Needs

Fuel Type Anthracite coal

Tonghae CFB Boiler

Limited supply of domestic anthraciteYearYear ‘04‘04 ‘05‘05 ‘06‘06 ‘07‘07

OR(%)OR(%) 6464 6161 6363 6969Fuel Type Anthracite coal

Coal Consumption

4,900 ton/d(1.47 mil. ton/d)

Boiler Type Circulating Fluidized BedCapacity 400 MWe (200 MWe × 2)

Steam Capacity 1,300 ton/h (660 ton/h × 2)

Operation Unit 1: from Sept. 30, 1998Unit 2: from Sept. 30, 1999

Soaring of coal price

CO2 reduction

2010-05-10

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Problems are ...

Pouring money into power plant, and emission of CO2 !

Solution is ...Fuel Diversification

RDF BiomassLow grade coal


Objectives

Evaluation of Feasibility of RDF & Biomass

for Complementary Fuel

in a Commercial CFB Boiler.

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RDF/Biomass DistributionWaste Generation (Unit: 1,000ton/y)

(M) : Municipal Waste

Biomass Potential (Unit: TOE)

3,929(M)361(I)

2,854(M)648( I )

765(M)283( I )

584(M) 33( I )

711(M)121( I )

468(M)239( I )

493(M)103( I )

783(M)278( I )

946(M)122( I )

( ) p( I ) : Industrial Waste

RDF Plant

RDF Plant Tonghae CFB

577(M)131( I )

689(M)118( I )

545(M)92( I )

1,421(M)310( I )

383(M)287( I )937(M)

193( I )


Fuel AnalysesSpec. Korean

Anth. RDF WoodPellet

Size (mm) < 6 < 50 < 50

C l ifi l

Spec. KoreanAnth. RDF Wood

pellet

SiO2 53.51 67.08 27.89Calorific value [HHV] (kcal/kg) 4,599 4,182 4,226

Proximate Analysis

(wt.%)

Moisture 4.1 1.58 8.39

FC 56.16 5.11 16.90

VM 7.3 62.28 72.68

Ash 32.44 31.03 2.03

C 63.15 39.15 48.90

H 0.73 5.13 6.27

Ash(wt.%)

Al2O3 31.72 7.44 12.15

Fe2O3 4.79 1.58 6.06

CaO 0.76 10.71 32.02

MgO 0.61 1.90 3.21

Na2O 0.27 8.50 1.12

K2O 3.63 1.27 12.01

RDF

Ultimate Analysis

(wt.%)

O 1.45 24.01 42.28

N 0.28 0.11 0.21

S 0.57 0.08 0.16

Ash 33.82 31.52 2.18

Cl - 0.79 -

SO3 0.27 0.19 1.55

TiO2 1.65 0.74 0.61

Others 2.99 0.59 3.80

Ash IDT (oC) 1,450 1,025 1,257

Wood Pellet

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Experimental PreparationRDF/wood pellet RDF/wood pellet feeding sitefeeding site

RDF/wood pellet feeding systemRDF/wood pellet feeding system


0 8

1.0

TGA AnalysesKorean Anthracite RDF Wood Pellet

Temperature [ oC]

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

X [-

]

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

5oC/min10 oC/min20 oC/min30 oC/min

0.8

1.0

1/m

in]

0.04

0.05

Weight Loss (X)Derivative Weight Loss (dX/dt)

Temperature [oC]

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Wei

ght L

oss

(X) [

-]

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Der

ivat

ive

Wei

ght

Loss

(dX

/dt)

[

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

1st region

2nd region

3rd region

Wood Pellet 5oC/min

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Effect on Temperature (Bituminous coal)

ratu

re [

o C]

880

920

960

1000

Outlet-LeftOutlet-CenterO tl t Ri ht

Furnace Temp.

MS 2.37

FC 52.06

VM 30.17

[o C] 950

960

Cyclone Outlet - LeftCyclone Outlet - Center Cyclone Outlet - Right All Data Regression

Bituminous Coal Ratio [%]

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Tem

per

760

800

840Outlet-Right

All Data Regression

Backpass

Coal Silo

Boiler

Cyclone

Solid Flow

Solid Flow

Gas FlowGas Flow

Ash 15.40


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Tem

pera

ture

910

920

930

940

FBAC

FBHE

Primary Air

Air

Air

Air

Windbox


Effect on Temperature (RDF/Wood pellet)

950 950

Tem

pera

ture

[o C

]

880

900

930

940

Furnace Lower PartFurnace Upper PartFurnace ExitCyclone Exit

Tem

pera

ture

[o C

]

880

900

930

940

Furnace Lower PartFurnace Upper PartFurnace ExitCyclone Exit

RDF Co-Combustion Ratio [%]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6860

Wood Pellet Co-Combustion Ratio [%]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6860

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Effect on Pressure (RDF) [m

mH

2O]

1500

1600

op [

mm

H2O

]

1080

1110

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Tota

l Pre

ssur

e D

rop

1200

1300

1400

rop

[mm

H2O

]

520

540

p [m

mH

2O]

240

270

Low

er P

art P

ress

ure

Dr

960

990

1020

1050

Total Pressure DropLower Part Pressure Drop

Backpass

Coal Silo

Boiler

Cyclone

Solid Flow

Air

Solid Flow

Gas FlowGas Flow


0 1 2 3 4 5 6Mid

dle

Par

t Pre

ssur

e D

r

460

480

500

Upp

er P

art P

ress

ure

Dro

p

120

150

180

210

Upper Part Pressure DropMiddle Part Pressure Drop

FBAC

FBHE

Primary Air

Air

Air

Windbox


250 10

SO2NO

Effect on Emissions (NOx, SO2, Limestone, etc)

250 10

SO2

O2 &

NO

x E

mis

sion

[pp

m, 6

% O

2]

50

100

150

200

Lim

esto

ne F

eedi

ng R

ate

[t/h

]

2

4

6

8

NOx

Limestone

SO

2 & N

Ox

Em

issi

on [

ppm

, 6%

O2]

50

100

150

200

Lim

esto

ne F

eedi

ng R

ate

[t/h

]

2

4

6

8

SO2NOx

Limestone

Wood Pellet Co-Combustion Ratio [%]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

S

0 0


0 1 2 3 4 5 6

S

0 0

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Effect on Emissions (Cl & Dioxins)

0 105 700

Dio

xins

[ng

-TEQ

/Sm

3 ]

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

Wood pelletRDF

Regulation limit

HC

l Em

issi

on [

ppm

]

1

2

3

4

5

Amou

nt o

f Chl

orin

e [k

g/da

y]

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Chlorine in RDFChlorine in AshHCl in Flue Gas


0 1 2 3 4 5 60.00


0 1 2 3 4 5 60 0


Conditions(RDF)

0 % 1 % 3 % 5 % Regulation

F/A B/A F/A B/A F/A B/A F/A B/A

Pb (mg/l) ND ND 0.01 0.02 0.01 ND 0.02 ND 3.0

Cu (mg/l) ND ND 0 028 0 036 0 022 0 023 0 021 0 021 1 0

Effect on Eluted HMs

Cu (mg/l) ND ND 0.028 0.036 0.022 0.023 0.021 0.021 1.0

As (mg/l) ND ND 0.017 0.004 0.008 0.005 0.01 0.012 1.5

Hg (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.005

Cd (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.3

Cr6+ (mg/l) ND ND 0.09 ND 0.11 ND 0.16 ND 1.5

CN- (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.5

Conditions(Wood pellet)

0 % 1 % 3 % 5 % Regulation

F/A B/A F/A B/A F/A B/A F/A B/A

Pb (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3.0

Cu (mg/l) ND ND 0.021 0.030 0.074 0.022 0.037 ND 1.0

As (mg/l) ND ND 0.010 0.015 0.034 0.018 0.013 0.023 1.5

Hg (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.005

Cd (mg/l) ND ND 0.004 ND ND ND ND ND 0.3

Cr6+ (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.16 ND 1.5

CN- (mg/l) ND ND 0.010 ND ND ND ND ND 1.5

2010-05-10

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Effect on EP performance (RDF & Biomass)

SISI--TR TR output (RDF)output (RDF)

SISI--TR TR output (Biomass)output (Biomass)


Power Generation Improvement

low

[MW

/ t/h

]

2.2

2.3

Actual Power Gen./Coal FlowPower Gen./Coal Flow based on Heating Value

Bituminous coalBituminous coal

Co-combustion ratio 0% 1% 3% 5%

Power Generation(MW) 200 9 201 6 201 3 200 9


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35Pow

er G

en./C

oal F

1.9

2.0

2.1

Wood PelletWood Pellet

Power Generation(MW) 200.9 201.6 201.3 200.9

Coal consumption(t/h) 107.09 104.27 103.98 102.87

Heating value of fuel (kcal/kg) 4,842 4,968 4,966 4,844

Supplying heating value (Gcal/h) 518.5 518.0 516.4 498.3

Power Generation/Supplying heating value(MWh/Mcal) 387.5 389.2 389.8 403.2

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Conclusions

•• CoCo--firingfiring ofof RDFRDF && BiomassBiomass•• CoCo--firingfiring ofof RDFRDF && BiomassBiomassCoCo firingfiring ofof RDFRDF && BiomassBiomasswithwith KoreanKorean anthraciteanthracite inin TonghaeTonghae CFBCFB boilerboiler

increasedincreased temperaturestemperatures ofof thethe furnacefurnace exitexitdecreaseddecreased emissionemission levellevel ofof SOSO22unchangedunchanged emissionemission levellevel ofof NoxNoxHClHCl emissionsemissions werewere belowbelow 11 ppmppm andand capturedcaptured byby limestonelimestoneDi iDi i i ii i b tb t 00 002002 00 015015 TEQ/STEQ/S 33

CoCo firingfiring ofof RDFRDF && BiomassBiomasswithwith KoreanKorean anthraciteanthracite inin TonghaeTonghae CFBCFB boilerboiler

increasedincreased temperaturestemperatures ofof thethe furnacefurnace exitexitdecreaseddecreased emissionemission levellevel ofof SOSO22unchangedunchanged emissionemission levellevel ofof NoxNoxHClHCl emissionsemissions werewere belowbelow 11 ppmppm andand capturedcaptured byby limestonelimestoneDi iDi i i ii i b tb t 00 002002 00 015015 TEQ/STEQ/S 33DioxinDioxin emissionsemissions werewere aboutabout 00..002002~~00..015015 ngng--TEQ/SmTEQ/Sm33

causedcaused unstableunstable operationoperation ofof EPEP overover 55%% RDFRDF coco--firingfiring

•• RDFRDF && BiomassBiomass wouldwould bebe supplementarysupplementary fuelsfuels inin thethe CFBCFB BoilerBoiler..

DioxinDioxin emissionsemissions werewere aboutabout 00..002002~~00..015015 ngng--TEQ/SmTEQ/Sm33

causedcaused unstableunstable operationoperation ofof EPEP overover 55%% RDFRDF coco--firingfiring

•• RDFRDF && BiomassBiomass wouldwould bebe supplementarysupplementary fuelsfuels inin thethe CFBCFB BoilerBoiler..

Documents

Characteristics of Biomass Combustion in a CFB .... Jong-Min Lee... · 2010-05-10 1 Characteristics of Biomass Combustion in a CFB BoilerCombustion in a CFB Boiler Jong-Mi LMin Lee,