Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior

8/18/2019 Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior

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Characteristics ofAbnormal Behavior


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Myths and Misconceptions

about Abnormal Behavior


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Myth: Abnormal behavior is always

bizarre:

Fact: The behavior of many peoplewho are diagnosed as having amental disorder often cannot bedistinguished from that of normalpeople.


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Myth: Normal and abnormal behavior

are dierent in ind

Fact: Few types of abnormal behaviordisplayed by people with a mentaldisorder are uni!ue to them


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Myths andMisconceptions

Myth: "nce people have a mental

disorder# they will always have it.

Fact: Most people can be successfullytreated for a mental disorder


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Dening abnormal

behavior


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Denition

$nsanity% a legal term# not apsychological term% as the inability

to appreciate the nature and !ualityor wrongfulness of one&s acts

According to A'A# abnormal behavioris a mental illness that aects or ismanifested in a person&s brain


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Denition

Abnormal behavior is behavior thatis:

Deviant – dierent from what isconsidered to be normal or morallycorrect

Maladaptive- inade!uate or faulty

adaptation Personal Distress- the low moods or

discomfort that results when empathetic

people become too deeply involved inothers( ain


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Theoretical approaches to

psychological disorders


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Biological Approach

This attributes psychologicaldisorders to organic# internal causes.

$t is evident in the medical model#which describes psychologicaldisorders as medical diseases with abiological origin


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Biological Approach

)iological views on psychologicaldisorders:

Structural views- abnormalities in thebrain structure cause mental disorders

Biochemical views- imbalances inneurotransmitters or hormones cause

mental disorders Genetic views- disordered genes cause

mental disorders


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Psychological Approach

Psychodynamic perspective-'sychological disorders arise from

unconscious con*icts that producean+iety and results in maladaptivebehavior

Behavioral and social cognitive perspective- The focus is on therewards and punishments in theenvironment that determine

abnormal behavior


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Psychological Approach

Humanistic perspective- This

emphasizes a capacity for growth#freedom to choose one&s owndestiny# and positive personal!ualities


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Sociocultural Approach

The sociocultural approach placesmore emphasis on the larger social

conte+ts in which a person livesAny number of psychological

problems can develop because ofpower struggles in a family

$ndividuals from low,income#minority neighborhoods have thehighest rates of mental disorders


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-omen are lielier than men tosuer from an+iety disorders and

depressionMen are socialized to direct their

energy toward the e+ternal world#and they more often havee+ternalized disorders that involveaggression and substance abuse

ome disorders are culture related


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Disorder Culture Description/Characteristics

Amo Malaysia# 'hilippines#Africa

This disorder involvessudden uncontrolled

outbursts of anger inwhich the person mayin/ure or ill someone

Anore+ia Nervosa -estern cultures0esp. 1nited tates2

This eating disorderinvolves a relentlesspursuit of thinnessthrough starvationand can eventually

lead to death


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Classifying abnormal

behavior


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DSM! ClassicationSystem

The Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders"

#ifth $dition 0DSM-52 is the 4567update to the American 'sychiatricAssociation&s 0A'A2 classi8cation anddiagnostic tool.


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DSM! ClassicationSystem

ection $: describes 9M, chapterorganization# its change from the

multia+ial system# and ection $$$(sdimensional assessmentsection $$: diagnostic criteria and

codesection $$$: emerging measures and

models


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DSM%& Section ''

() *eurodevelopmental disorders are impairments of the growth and

development of the brain or centralnervous system. A narrower use ofthe term refers to a disorder of brainfunction thataects emotion# learning ability# self,control and memory and that unfoldsas the individual grows


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DSM%& Section ''

$ncludes:

▪ $ntellectual disability 0$92

▪

;ommunication disorders▪ Autism spectrum disorders

▪ Motor disorders


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DSM%& Section ''

+. Schi,ophrenia spectrum andother psychotic disorders are

de8ned by abnormalities in one ormore of the following 8ve domains:delusions# hallucinations#disorganized thining 0speech2#grossly disorganized or abnormalmotor behavior 0including catatonia2#and negative symptoms


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DSM%& Section ''

• $ncludes:

▪ chizophrenia

▪

chizoaective disorder▪ 9elusional disorder

▪ ;atatonia


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DSM%& Section ''

-) Bipolar and related disorders .includes:

▪

)ipolar $ disorder▪ )ipolar $$ disorder

▪ ;yclothymic disorder

▪

"ther speci8ed bipolar and relateddisorder


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DSM%& Section ''

) Depressive disorders are

characterized by sadness severeenough or persistent enough tointerfere with function and often bydecreased interest or pleasure inactivities.


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DSM%& Section ''

$ncludes:• Ma/or depressive disorder 0often called ma/or

depression2

• 'ersistent depressive disorder 0dysthymia2• "ther speci8ed or unspeci8ed depressive

disorder

• 'remenstrual dysphoric disorder

• 9epressive disorder due to another medicalcondition

• ubstance


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DSM%& Section ''

%) An0iety disorders characterized

by feelingsof an+iety and fear# where an+iety isa worry about future events and fearis a reaction to current events


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DSM%& Section ''

$ncludes:• =eneralized an+iety disorder

•

'hobias• 'anic disorder

• eparation an+iety

• ocial an+iety

• elective mutism


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DSM%& Section ''

1) 2bsessivecompulsive andrelated disorders includes:

▪

obsessive,compulsive disorder0";92

▪ body dysmorphic disorder 0)992

▪

hoarding disorder▪ trichotillomania 0hair,pullingdisorder2

▪ e+coriation 0sin,picing2 disorder


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DSM%& Section ''

3) Trauma and stressorrelated

disorders disorders in whiche+posure to a traumatic or stressfulevent is listed e+plicitly as adiagnostic criterion


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DSM%& Section ''

4) Dissociative disorders involve asudden loss of memory or change of

identity.• $ncludes&

▪ 9issociative amnesia

▪ 9issociative identity disorder

▪ 9epersonalization


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DSM%& Section ''

5) Somatic symptom and relateddisorders They occur whenpsychological symptoms tae a physical

form even though no physical causes canbe found• $ncludes:

▪ somatic symptom disorder

▪ illness an+iety disorder

▪ conversion disorder 0functional neurologicalsymptom disorder2

▪ factitious disorder


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DSM%& Section ''

(6) #eeding and eating disorderscharacterized by a persistent

disturbance of eating or eating,related behavior that results in thealtered consumption or absorption offood and that signi8cantly impairsphysical health or psychosocialfunctioning


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DSM%& Section ''

$ncludes:• pica

•

rumination disorder• avoidant


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DSM%& Section ''

(() Sleep7a8e disorders$ndividuals with these disorders

typically present with sleep,waecomplaints of dissatisfactionregarding the !uality# timing# andamount of sleep. >esulting daytimedistress and impairment are corefeatures shared by all of these sleep,wae disorders.


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DSM%& Section ''

$ncludes:• insomnia disorder

•

hypersomnolence disorder• Narcolepsy

• circadian rhythm sleep,wae disorders

• nightmare disorder


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DSM%& Section ''

(+) Se0ual dysfunction di?culty

e+perienced by an individual or acouple during any stage of anormal se+ual activity# includingphysicalpleasure# desire#preference# arousalor orgasm


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DSM%& Section ''

(-) 9ender dysphoria describes

people who e+periencesigni8cant dysphoria 0distress2 withthe se+ and gender theywere assigned at birth


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DSM%& Section ''

() Disruptive" impulsecontrol"and conduct disorders includeconditions involving problems in theself,control of emotions and behaviors.• $ncludes:

▪ ;onduct disorder

▪ $mpulse,control disorder▪ 'yromania

▪ @leptomania

▪ $ntermittent e+plosive disorder


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DSM%& Section ''

(%) Substancerelated andaddictive disorders encompass65 separate classes of drugs:

alcohol caeine

cannabis

hallucinogens 0with separate categoriesfor phencyclidine Bor similarly actingarylcyclohe+ylaminesC and otherhallucinogens2

inhalants


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DSM%& Section ''

opioids

sedatives# hypnotics# and an+iolytics

stimulants 0amphetamine,typesubstances# cocaine# and otherstimulants2

tobacco

and other 0or unnown2 substances


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DSM%& Section ''

(3) Paraphilic disorders re!uiresboth the presence of a paraphilic

urges and the e+istence of distress#dysfunction# and


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DSM%& Section ''

$ncludes:• voyeuristic#

• e+hibitionistic#

• frotteuristic#

• se+ual masochism#

• se+ual sadism#

•

pedophilic#• fetishistic# and

• transvestic disorders


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DSM%& Section ''

(4) Personality disorders are aclass of mental

disorders characterized by enduringmaladaptive patterns of behavior#cognition# and inner e+perience#e+hibited across many conte+ts anddeviating maredly from thoseaccepted by the individual(s culture


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DSM%& Section ''

$ncludes:• 'aranoid personality disorder

• chizoid personality disorder

• chizotypal personality disorder• Antisocial personality disorder

• )orderline personality disorder

• Distrionic personality disorder

• Narcissistic personality disorder• Avoidant personality disorder

• 9ependent personality disorder

• "bsessive,compulsive personality disorder

Documents

Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior