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2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
Character of Baltimore PMas derived from detailed Characterization
ofMolecular Organic Source Markers
in 3-hr Samples
Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D., P.E.
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
College of Engineering and Computing
Florida International University, Miami, FL
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
Problem:
No knowledge available about the diurnal concentration patterns and dynamics of organic compounds associated with PM2.5
Time resolved data needed for:
Approach:
• Design and test sequential multi-channel PM2.5 sampler
• 3-Hourly sampling with Filter/PUF in Baltimore during a Summer 2002 and Winter 2002/2003
• Analyze Filter and PUF for organic constituents using GC/MS
• Health Effects Studies
• Atmospheric Chemistry
• Source/Receptor Reconciliation
• Regional Scale Atmospheric Transport Modeling
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FLMass Flowmeter
Primary Pump
Pressure Gauges
Leak Test Pump
Trailer Roof
Marple
PM2.5 Inlet
Impactor
P
U
F
P
U
F
P
U
F
P
U
F
P
U
F
Filter Holder: Ø 125 mm
2” Electric Actuated Ball Valve
PUF Holder: Ø 103 mm, L=25cm
2 meter
Ceiling
Sequential Control Module
Electronic Timer
Leak Test Air Outlet
2” Electric Actuated Ball Valve
System for 3-Hourly PM2.5 Sampling
Air Condition
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
Major Organic Source Marker
Cigarette SmokeIso-, Anteiso-Alkanes
(>C26)
Burning of Vegetative Detritus, Soil Dust, Vegetarian CookingLeaf Surface Waxes
Odd-Carbon n-Alkanes (>C25)
Even-Carbon n-Alkanoic Acids (>C23)
Heavy Oil BurningVehicular Emissionn-Alkanes (< C25)
Alkylcyclohexanes, PAHs
Hopanes & Steranes
Phytosterol:
ß-Sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Campesterol
Saccharides
Palmitic & Stearic Acids
Palmitoleic & Oleic Acids
Source Indicators
Wildfires, Forest Fires
Fugitive Dust from Cultivated Land
Saccharides: Mycose, Sucrose, α-, β-Glucose
Hard Wood LigninSyringyl Derivatives
Soft Wood BurningResin Acids
Biomass Burning (Cellulose)Levoglucosan
Meat CookingCholesterol
Plastic Waste BurningEven-Carbon n-Alkanes
Associated SourcesMajor Source TypeSource Markers
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
Monoterpens: e.g. α-& β-Pinene
O3
OH·
NO3·
Secondary Organic Aerosol:
e.g.:•Nopinone• Norpinic Acid• Norpinonic Acid• Pinonic Acid• Pinic Acid
Primary Organic Aerosol:
Biogenic Aerosol Sources
e.g.: • Waxy Substances
e.g.: • Biopolymer Breakdown• Resin Acids• PAHs• Waxy Substances• Phytosterols• Sugars
e.g.: • Waxy Substances• Sugars (Mycose)• Phytosterols• Triterpenoids
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
Particulate (PM2.5) Leaves Surface Abrasion Products
Carbon Number
0
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
7 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
9 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Green Leaves
Dead Leaves
0
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 5 0 0
3 0 0 0
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Green Leaves
Dead Leaves
n-Alkanes
n-Alkanoic Acids
1 µm
Particle
Leaf SurfaceSources: Waxes on Leaf Surfaces, Burning of Vegetative Detritus, Soil Dust, Vegetarian Cooking
2006 Nationa
l Air M
onitoring Confe
rence
–Nov.6
-9 in L
as V
egas –
PM Supe
rsite Baltim
ore –
Wolfga
ng F. R
ogge, Ph
.D, P.E
., FIU, M
iami, F
L
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7192021222425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091929394959697126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189
Wind Speed (m/sec)
Wind Speed
Leaf S
urface W
axes
0
10
20
30
40
Wednesday 17th
Thursday 18th
Friday 19th
Saturday 20th
Sunday 21th
Monday 22th
Tuesday 23th
Wednesday 24th
Thursday 25th
Sunday 4th
Monday 5th
Tuesday 6th
Wednesday 7th
Thursday 8th
Friday 9th
Saturday 10th
Sunday 11th
Monday 12th
July 2002 A
ugust 2002
ng/m3
Alkanes (C
27,C29,C31,C33)
Alkanoic Acids (C
24,C26,C28,C30,C32)
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Wednesday 17th
Thursday 18th
Friday 19th
Saturday 20th
Sunday 21th
Monday 22th
Wednesday 24th
Thursday 25th
Sunday 4th
Monday 5th
Tuesday 6th
Wednesday 7th
Thursday 8th
Friday 9th
Saturday 10th
Sunday 11th
Monday 12th
ng/m3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Waxy n-Alkanes (C27-C35)
Total n-Alkanes (C19-C35)
July 2002 August 2002
0
5
10
15
20
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
n-Alkane Carbon Number
ng/m3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
n-Alkane Carbon Number
ng/m3
Mainly Vehicular Exhaust
Waxy Leaf Surface Abrasions
Ambient Concentrations of n-Alkanes for Summer 2002 – Short Time Compositional Changes of Organic Compounds in PM2.5
Plastic Burning
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
< 1%Inorganics (Ash)
Extraneous
SubstancesFats, waxes, starches, terpenes,
tannins, phenolics, pectins, sugars,
sapins, mucilages, glycosides, essential oils, sterols, others
GumsResins
4 – 10%
Minor
20 – 30%30 – 40%Lignins
25 – 35%Hemicelluloses
40 – 50%Cellulose
Polymers
Major
Deciduous Trees
(angiosperms)
“Hard Wood”
Conifers
(gymnosperms)
“Softwood”Wood Constituents
< 1%Inorganics (Ash)
Extraneous
SubstancesFats, waxes, starches, terpenes,
tannins, phenolics, pectins, sugars,
sapins, mucilages, glycosides, essential oils, sterols, others
GumsResins
4 – 10%
Minor
20 – 30%30 – 40%Lignins
25 – 35%Hemicelluloses
40 – 50%Cellulose
Polymers
Major
Deciduous Trees
(angiosperms)
“Hard Wood”
Conifers
(gymnosperms)
“Softwood”Wood Constituents
Organic Markers in Wood Smoke
•Marker for Cellulose Burning: Levoglucosan
•Markers for Lignins from Hardwood Burning: Syringyl Derivatives (Syringaldehyde, Acetosyringone, Syringic acid)
Cellulose is the abundant organic polymer on earth, found in any wood, vegetative detritus, biomass, etc.
Second most abundant organic polymer on earth: Hardwoods have about 50% guaiacyl and 50% syringyl unitsSoftwoods have 90% - 100% guaiacyl units
• Markers for Softwood Burning: Resin Acids [dehydroabietic acid (major), 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acid, pimaric acid, abietic acid, etc.]
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Wednesday 17th
Thursday 18th
Friday 19th
Saturday 20th
Sunday 21th
Monday 22th
Wednesday 24th
Thursday 25th
Sunday 4th
Monday 5th
Tuesday 6th
Wednesday 7th
Thursday 8th
Friday 9th
Saturday 10th
Sunday 11th
Monday 12th
Resin Acids, Phenols (ng/m3)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Levoglucosan (ng/m3)
Phenols = (Syringaldehyde, Acetosyringone, Syringic Acid)
Resin Acids = (Pimaric Acid, Sanadracopimaric Acid, Dehydroabietic Acid, 7-Oxo-Dehydroabietic Acid)
Levoglucosan
July 2002 August 2002
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Thursday 7th
Friday 8th
Saturday 9th
Sunday 10th
Thursday
Friday 15th
Saturday 16th
Tuesday 19th
Wednesday
Thursday 21st
Friday 22nd
Sunday 24th
Monday 25th
Tuesday 26th
Friday 27th
Friday 21st
Saturday
Sunday 23rd
Monday 24th
Resin Acids, Phenols (ng/m3)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Levoglucosan (ng/m3)
Phenols = (Syringaldehyde, Acetosyringone, Syringic Acid)
Resin Acids = (Pimaric Acid, Sanadracopimaric Acid, Dehydroabietic Acid,
7-Oxo-Dehydroabietic Acid)Levoglucosan
November 2002 February 2003
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
6.6 ± 3.2Average
3.9SoftwoodSchauer et al., 2001
3.1Fire Place
West US
Hardwood
2.8SoftwoodFine et al., 2004b
8.1Wood Stove
Hardwood
8.1SoftwoodFine et al., 2004a
5.5Fire Place
West-Midwest US
Hardwood
23.5SoftwoodFine et al., 2002
7.4Fire Place
South US
Hardwood
13.1SoftwoodFine et al., 2001
7.8Fire Place
Northeast US
Hardwood
ReferenceOC/LevoglucosanCombustorFuel Type
Estimating Ambient OC Contributions from Wood Burning
AmbientWoodsmoke
Ambient
LevoglucosanOC% Ambient OC from Wood Burning =
Levoglucosan OC
Levoglucosan% Ambient OC from Wood Burning = 6.6±3.2
OC
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
Estimating Ambient OC Contributions from Wood Burning
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Thursday 7th
Friday 8th
Saturday 9th
Sunday 10th
Thursday 14th
Friday 15th
Saturday 16th
Tuesday 19th
Wednesday 20th
Thursday 21st
Friday 22nd
Sunday 24th
Monday 25th
Tuesday 26th
Friday 27th
Friday 21st
Saturday 22nd
Sunday 23rd
Monday 24th
%
% OC from Wood Burning
November 2002 February 2003
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
Schematics for the formation routes of secondary biogenic reaction products following the ozonolysis of α-pinene and β-pinene.
(from Kamens)
Baltimore Supersite:
Secondary Biogenic Atmospheric Reaction Products: Nopinone, Pinonic Acid, Norpinonic Acid
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Wednesday 17th
Thursday 18th
Friday 19th
Saturday 20th
Sunday 21th
Monday 22th
Tuesday 23th
Wednesday 24th
Thursday 25th
Sunday 4th
Monday 5th
Tuesday 6th
Wednesday 7th
Thursday 8th
Friday 9th
Saturday 10th
Sunday 11th
Monday 12th
Nopinone (ng/m3)
Nopinone
July 2002 August 2002
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ozone in ppb
Nopinone: Secondary Biogenic Reaction Products - Summer 2002
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
Nopinone: Secondary Biogenic Reaction Products - Summer 2002
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Wednesday 17th
Thursday 18th
Friday 19th
Saturday 20th
Sunday 21th
Monday 22th
Wednesday 24th
Thursday 25th
Sunday 4th
Monday 5th
Tuesday 6th
Wednesday 7th
Thursday 8th
Friday 9th
Saturday 10th
Sunday 11th
Monday 12th
Nopinone (ng/m3)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
%
Nopinone
% Rel. Humidity
July 2002 August 2002
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
Major Organic Compounds associated with PM2.5 Cooking Emissions
Number of Experiments in ( )
From: Rogge et al., Emission Factors for Residential Cooking
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Hamburgers (4) Sausages (4) Pizza (6) Fish (6&8) French Fries (2) Stir-Fried
Vegetables (8)
Emission Factors (ug/kg of Food)
9-Hexadecenoic Acid (Palmitoleic Acid)
9-Octadecenoic Acid (Oleic Acid)
9,12-Octadecenoic Acid (Linoleic Acid)
Cholesterol
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
Diurnal Cooking Activities over 48 Hours
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 2 4 6 8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 2 4 6 8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
Local Cooking Source
Distant Cooking Source (travel time 8 hrs) + Local Cooking Source
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Wednesday 17th
Thursday 18th
Friday 19th
Saturday 20th
Sunday 21th
Monday 22th
Wednesday 24th
Thursday 25th
Sunday 4th
Monday 5th
Tuesday 6th
Wednesday 7th
Thursday 8th
Friday 9th
Saturday 10th
Sunday 11th
Monday 12th
Alkenoic Acids (ng/m3)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Cholesterol (ng/m3)
9-Hexadecenoic Acid (Palmitoleic Acid)
9-Octadecenoic Acid (Oleic Acid)
Cholesterol
July 2002 August 2002
Ambient Concentrations of Palmitoleic Acid, Oleic Acid, and Cholesterol Summer 2002
Any Daily Patterns ?
2006 Nationa
l Air M
onitoring Confe
rence
–Nov.6
-9 in L
as V
egas –
PM Supe
rsite Baltim
ore –
Wolfga
ng F. R
ogge, Ph
.D, P.E
., FIU, M
iami, F
L
0
90
180
270
360
192021222425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091929394959697126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189
Wind Direction (deg) Ambient C
oncentra
tions of Palmitole
ic Acid
, Oleic A
cid, a
nd Chole
sterol
vs. Wind
Dire
ction -Sum
mer 2
002
0 2 4 6 8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Wednesday 17th
Thursday 18th
Friday 19th
Saturday 20th
Sunday 21th
Monday 22th
Wednesday 24th
Thursday 25th
Sunday 4th
Monday 5th
Tuesday 6th
Wednesday 7th
Thursday 8th
Friday 9th
Saturday 10th
Sunday 11th
Monday 12th
Alkenoic Acids (ng/m3)
0 5 10
15
20
25
Cholesterol (ng/m3)
9-Hexadecenoic Acid (P
almito
leic Acid)
9-Octadecenoic Acid (O
leic Acid)
Cholesterol
July 2002
August 2002
?
?
2006 Nationa
l Air M
onitoring Confe
rence
–Nov.6
-9 in L
as V
egas –
PM Supe
rsite Baltim
ore –
Wolfga
ng F. R
ogge, Ph
.D, P.E
., FIU, M
iami, F
L
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
17α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorhopane
17α(H),21b(H)-29-norhopane
17α(H),21β(H)-hopane
22-S,17α(H),21β(H)-30-homohopane
22-R,17α(H),21β(H)-30-homohopane
22-S,17α(H),21β(H)-30-bishomohopane
22-R,17α(H),21β(H)-30-bishomohopane
20R-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-Cholestane
20S-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-Cholestane
20R-5α(H),14α(H),17α(H)-Cholestane
20R-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-Ergostane
20S-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-Ergostane
20R-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-Sitostane
20S-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-Sitostane
Tunnel Emission Factors in µg/Kg of Fuel
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
Ambient concentrations in ng/m3
Tunne
lvs. A
mbient
Orga
nic Marke
rs for Vehicle
Exhaust: H
opanes &
Steranes
Squirre
l Hill T
unnel, P
ittsburgh
2006 Nationa
l Air M
onitoring Confe
rence
–Nov.6
-9 in L
as V
egas –
PM Supe
rsite Baltim
ore –
Wolfga
ng F. R
ogge, Ph
.D, P.E
., FIU, M
iami, F
L
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
17α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorhopane
17α(H),21b(H)-29-norhopane
17α(H),21β(H)-hopane
22-S,17α(H),21β(H)-30-homohopane
22-R,17α(H),21β(H)-30-homohopane
22-S,17α(H),21β(H)-30-bishomohopane
22-R,17α(H),21β(H)-30-bishomohopane
20R-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-Cholestane
20S-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-Cholestane
20R-5α(H),14α(H),17α(H)-Cholestane
20R-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-Ergostane
20S-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-Ergostane
20R-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-Sitostane
20S-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-Sitostane
Tunnel Emission Factors in µg/Kg of Fuel
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
Ambient concentrations in ng/m3
Tunne
lvs. A
mbient
Orga
nic Marke
rs for Vehicle
Exhaust: H
opanes &
Steranes
How do a
mbient conce
ntration pa
tterns for th
e
Hopa
nes com
pare to:
1. A
lkylcy
clohexanes ?
2. n-
Alka
nes (C
19-C25) ?
3. PA
Hs ?
2006 Nationa
l Air M
onitoring Confe
rence
–Nov.6
-9 in L
as V
egas –
PM Supe
rsite Baltim
ore –
Wolfga
ng F. R
ogge, Ph
.D, P.E
., FIU, M
iami, F
L
0 5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Wednesday 17th
Thursday 18th
Friday 19th
Saturday 20th
Sunday 21th
Monday 22th
Wednesday 24th
Thursday 25th
Sunday 4th
Monday 5th
Tuesday 6th
Wednesday 7th
Thursday 8th
Friday 9th
Saturday 10th
Sunday 11th
Monday 12th
Alkylcyclohexanes (C19-C25) (ng/m3)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Hopanes (ng/m3)
Alkylcyclohexanes (C
19-C25)
Hopanes
July 2
002
August 2002
0
10
20
30
40
50
Thursday 7th
Friday 8th
Saturday 9th
Sunday 10th
Thursday 14th
Friday 15th
Saturday 16th
Tuesday 19th
Wednesday 20th
Thursday 21st
Friday 22nd
Sunday 24th
Monday 25th
Tuesday 26th
Friday 27th
Friday 21st
Saturday 22nd
Sunday 23rd
Monday 24th
Akylcyclohexanes (ng/m3)
0 5 10
15
20
25
30
35
Hopanes (ng/m3)
Alkylcyclohexanes (C
19-C25)
Hopanes
November 2
002
February 2
003
11.89
2006 Nationa
l Air M
onitoring Confe
rence
–Nov.6
-9 in L
as V
egas –
PM Supe
rsite Baltim
ore –
Wolfga
ng F. R
ogge, Ph
.D, P.E
., FIU, M
iami, F
L
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Wednesday 17th
Thursday 18th
Friday 19th
Saturday 20th
Sunday 21th
Monday 22th
Wednesday 24th
Thursday 25th
Sunday 4th
Monday 5th
Tuesday 6th
Wednesday 7th
Thursday 8th
Friday 9th
Saturday 10th
Sunday 11th
Monday 12th
Alkanes (C19-C25) (ng/m3)
0 2 4 6 8 10
12
14
16
18
Alkylcyclohexanes (ng/m3)
Alkylcyclohexanes (C
19-C25)
Alkanes (C
19-C25)July 2
002
August 2002
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Thursday 7th
Friday 8th
Saturday 9th
Sunday 10th
Thursday 14th
Friday 15th
Saturday 16th
Tuesday 19th
Wednesday 20th
Thursday 21st
Friday 22nd
Sunday 24th
Monday 25th
Tuesday 26th
Friday 27th
Friday 21st
Saturday 22nd
Sunday 23rd
Monday 24th
Alkanes (C19-C25) (ng/m3)
0 5 10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Alkylcyclohexanes (ng/m3)
Alkylcyclohexanes (C
19-C25)
Alkanes (C
19-C25)
November 2
002
February 2
003
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
n-Alkane Carbon Number
ng/m3
2006 Nationa
l Air M
onitoring Confe
rence
–Nov.6
-9 in L
as V
egas –
PM Supe
rsite Baltim
ore –
Wolfga
ng F. R
ogge, Ph
.D, P.E
., FIU, M
iami, F
L
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Thursday 7th
Friday 8th
Saturday 9th
Sunday 10th
Thursday 14th
Friday 15th
Saturday 16th
Tuesday 19th
Wednesday 20th
Thursday 21st
Friday 22nd
Sunday 24th
Monday 25th
Tuesday 26th
Friday 27th
Friday 21st
Saturday 22nd
Sunday 23rd
Monday 24th
Total PAHs (ng/m3)
0 5 10
15
20
25
30
35
Hopanes (ng/m3)
Total P
AHs (P
henanthrene to Coronene)
Hopanes
November 2
002
February 2
003
2006 National Air Monitoring Conference – Nov.6-9 in Las Vegas – PM Supersite Baltimore – Wolfgang F. Rogge, Ph.D, P.E., FIU, Miami, FL
Conclusions:
• For the very first time, insight into the daily patterns of atmospheric organic compounds associated with PM2.5 with an 3 hourly time-resolution
• For Summer 2002: 18 days of data available
• For Winter 2002-03: 17 days of data available
• For 111 individual organic compounds, about 62,000 data points have been generated
• Although, only a very short view into the data set has been presented, already several interesting aspects about the atmospheric dynamic of fine particle bound organic compounds have been demonstrated:
• Compositional changes of organic matter associated with PM2.5 occurs with a time scale of less than 3 hours
• With very few exceptions, no diurnal concentration patterns have been found for individual organic compounds, indicating that PM2.5 at the sampling site is impacted by sources close and far
• Wood smoke markers are also detectable in summer time
• Wood smoke from softwood burning and hardwood burning can be distinguished well using resin acids and phenolic derivatives from the syringyl type “building blocks” in lignins
• Vehicular marker concentrations (hopanes) compare very well to n-alkanes (C19-C25) and alkylcyclohexanes and is responsible for most of the PAH emissions