Chapters 5.1 to 5.3 Answers

Chapter 5.1 Questions 11. A disease that begins when a single cell replicate itself when it should not.2. A process a cell does to make copies of itself. 3. A tumor is a group of cells that have no function in the body. 4.Benign

• These tumors stay in one place and do not affect surrounding structures. • These tumors are harmless. Example: a mole

5. Malignant • These tumors are cancerous and invade surrounding tissues.

6. The cells of a malignant tumor can break away and start new cancers is in other parts of the body. This process is called metastasis. 7. Lymph nodes are structures that filter lost fluids or lymph.8. When a cancer patient has surgery, the surgeon will remove a few lymph nodes to see if any cancer cells are in the nodes. 9. Cancer Cells vs. Normal Cells

• Cancer cells divide when they should not. • Cancer cells invade surrounding tissues. • Cancer cells move to other locations in the body.

10. The risk factors are:Tobacco use High fat and low fiber diet Lack of exercise Obesity Excess alcohol consumption Increasing age 11. A carcinogen is a cancer causing substances. 12. Examples of carcinogens are: cigarette smoke, radiation, ultraviolet light, asbestos, and some viruses. 13. remove electrons from other molecules.14. carcinogens

Chapter 5.1 Questions 21. Smoking; Mutation to BRCA2 gene; Advanced Age; and oral

contraceptive use and pregnancy decrease risk.2. Monthly self exams and mammograms. 3. Annual pap smear test.4. Skin cancer5. Exposure to high energy radiation6. X-ray7. Smoking; polyps in the colon; advanced age; and high fat, low fiber

diet.8. Blood test for PSA and physical exam via rectum9. Abnormal testicular development.10. 2

Chapter 5.2 Questions1. No2. Cell division makes new cells to heal wounds, replace damaged cells, and help

organisms grow and reproduce themselves. 3. Asexual reproduction:Some organisms reproduce by producing exact copies of themselves through cell division. There is no genetic input needed from parents.4. Organisms whose reproduction needs genetic information from 2 parents go through sexual reproduction.5. Instructions that build all proteins that cells need.6. Before cell division.7. Centromere8. 249. 7810. 46