Chapters 14 & 15Chapters 14 & 15

Internet DatabasesInternet Databases

E-CommerceE-Commerce

Bringing new products, services, or ideas to Bringing new products, services, or ideas to market, supporting and enhancing business market, supporting and enhancing business operationsoperations

Mainly identified with the use of the Internet Mainly identified with the use of the Internet as a medium to transact business and add as a medium to transact business and add value to an organization.value to an organization.

Changed Business EnvironmentChanged Business Environment

Benefits of E-CommerceBenefits of E-Commerce

Convenience Convenience Quick and Convenient Comparison Quick and Convenient Comparison

ShoppingShopping Reduced Cost / Increased CompetitionReduced Cost / Increased Competition 24 / 7 / 365 operations24 / 7 / 365 operations Global AccessGlobal Access Lower Entry BarriersLower Entry Barriers Increased Customer Market KnowledgeIncreased Customer Market Knowledge

Disadvantages of E-CommerceDisadvantages of E-Commerce

Hidden CostsHidden Costs– HardwareHardware– SoftwareSoftware

Technology is not perfectTechnology is not perfect Thin profit margins (must be competitive)Thin profit margins (must be competitive) SecuritySecurity Loss of PrivacyLoss of Privacy Low Levels of Customer ServiceLow Levels of Customer Service Legal IssuesLegal Issues

Major E-Commerce StylesMajor E-Commerce Styles

Business to Business (B2B)Business to Business (B2B) Business to Consumer (B2C)Business to Consumer (B2C)

– Consumer to BusinessConsumer to Business– Consumer to ConsumerConsumer to Consumer– Government to ConsumerGovernment to Consumer– Government to BusinessGovernment to Business

IntraBusiness (using Intranet)IntraBusiness (using Intranet)

E-Commerce ArchitectureE-Commerce Architecture

3 Layered Organization of Services that 3 Layered Organization of Services that interact, using a common set of protocols. interact, using a common set of protocols. The Internet is the main transport medium.The Internet is the main transport medium.

Basic Internet ServicesBasic Internet Services Business Enabling ServicesBusiness Enabling Services E-Commerce Business ServicesE-Commerce Business Services

Basic Internet ServicesBasic Internet Services

Web BrowserWeb Browser HTMLHTML FTPFTP HTTPHTTP TCP/IPTCP/IP Web ServerWeb Server E-MailE-Mail

Business Enabling ServicesBusiness Enabling Services

SecuritySecurity PersonalizationPersonalization Database IntegrationDatabase Integration Usability TestingUsability Testing Web Site Monitoring and AnalysisWeb Site Monitoring and Analysis Transaction ProcessingTransaction Processing Search Search MessagingMessaging Wireless Device SupportWireless Device Support

E-Commerce Business Services E-Commerce Business Services

InventoryInventory OrderingOrdering TrackingTracking Product SupportProduct Support Customer ServiceCustomer Service ShippingShipping Etc.Etc.

SecuritySecurity Protect transaction data from unauthorized modifications during Protect transaction data from unauthorized modifications during

Internet travel – Transaction SecurityInternet travel – Transaction Security– Secure Socket LayerSecure Socket Layer– S-HTTPS-HTTP

Authentication - Warrantee identity of transaction participants (Buyers Authentication - Warrantee identity of transaction participants (Buyers and Sellers)and Sellers)

Protect Resources (data and computer)Protect Resources (data and computer) Customer’s personal dataCustomer’s personal data Privacy IssuesPrivacy Issues Property against Criminal ActivityProperty against Criminal Activity

– Digital CertificatedDigital Certificated– EncryptionEncryption

Private KeyPrivate Key Public KeyPublic Key

Resource SecurityResource Security– Protect against virus, hackers, DOS attacksProtect against virus, hackers, DOS attacks

Database Design for E-CommerceDatabase Design for E-Commerce

Don’t reinvent the wheelDon’t reinvent the wheel No need for ‘new’ design techniquesNo need for ‘new’ design techniques ScopeScope

– Facilitate sales of products and servicesFacilitate sales of products and services– Show products and servicesShow products and services– Conduct basic sales transactionsConduct basic sales transactions– Customer ServiceCustomer Service– Product Returns Web Customer ProfilingProduct Returns Web Customer Profiling

Basic Business RulesBasic Business Rules

Sell Products Sell Products Product and Customer Product and Customer TablesTables

Customer may place multiple ordersCustomer may place multiple orders– 1:M Relationship1:M Relationship

Order contains Multiple LinesOrder contains Multiple Lines– 1:M Relationship1:M Relationship

Order Lines refer to one ProductOrder Lines refer to one Product– 1:M Relationship1:M Relationship

XML – Extensible Markup LanguageXML – Extensible Markup Language

Meta-LanguageMeta-Language Represents and Manipulates data elementsRepresents and Manipulates data elements Facilitates Exchange of structured documents over Facilitates Exchange of structured documents over

the webthe web– World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) published standard World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) published standard

definition in 1998definition in 1998 Allow definition of meta-tags to describe data Allow definition of meta-tags to describe data

elementselements Case SensitiveCase Sensitive Not A Replacement for HTMLNot A Replacement for HTML

XML – Document Type DefinitionXML – Document Type Definition

Files with .dtd extension to describe XML Files with .dtd extension to describe XML elementselements

Provides composition of database’s logical Provides composition of database’s logical modelmodel

Defines syntax rules for each XML Defines syntax rules for each XML documentsdocuments

Defines Valid tagsDefines Valid tags

XML SchemaXML Schema

Advances data definition language used to Advances data definition language used to describe structure of XML documentsdescribe structure of XML documents

Closely maps database terminology and Closely maps database terminology and featuresfeatures

Checks for database typesChecks for database types Validates data for out-of-range valuesValidates data for out-of-range values XML Schema Definition (XSD) files use XML Schema Definition (XSD) files use

syntax like SML documentsyntax like SML document

Web DatabasesWeb Databases

Stateless Environment – The web is a Stateless Environment – The web is a stateless system.stateless system.

Data processing requires additional softwareData processing requires additional software– JavaJava– Java ScriptJava Script– VB ScriptVB Script

Web Database ConnectivityWeb Database Connectivity

Allows rapid response to competitive Allows rapid response to competitive pressurespressures– New ServicesNew Services– New ProductsNew Products

Enhanced Customer SupportEnhanced Customer Support Fast Effective Information DisseminationFast Effective Information Dissemination

Characteristics / Benefits of Internet Characteristics / Benefits of Internet TechnologyTechnology

Hardware / Software IndependenceHardware / Software Independence– Cost SavingsCost Savings– Uses Existing EquipmentUses Existing Equipment– Platform IndependencyPlatform Independency

Common Simple User InterfaceCommon Simple User Interface– Reduced Training and SupportReduced Training and Support

Location IndependenceLocation Independence– Global AccessGlobal Access– Reduced Costs for Dedicated ConnectionsReduced Costs for Dedicated Connections

Rapid Development at Manageable CostRapid Development at Manageable Cost– Development Tools (Plug and Play)Development Tools (Plug and Play)– Low Entry Costs (Often Free Web Servers)Low Entry Costs (Often Free Web Servers)– Available Software and Access ToolsAvailable Software and Access Tools

Web Server InterfacesWeb Server Interfaces

CGI – Common Gateway InterfacesCGI – Common Gateway Interfaces– Uses Script files to connect to databaseUses Script files to connect to database– Perl, C++, VBPerl, C++, VB

API – Application Programming InterfaceAPI – Application Programming Interface– NewerNewer– More EfficientMore Efficient– Uses DLL’sUses DLL’s– Memory ResidentMemory Resident

Netscape APINetscape API Internet Server API (Microsoft)Internet Server API (Microsoft)

Cold Fusion – Web Application ServerCold Fusion – Web Application Server

Web Server ApplicationWeb Server Application

Middleware applicationMiddleware application Expands functionality of Web servers by Expands functionality of Web servers by

connecting them to wide range of servicesconnecting them to wide range of services– DatabasesDatabases– Directory SystemsDirectory Systems– Search EnginesSearch Engines

Provides a Consistent Run-Time Environment for Provides a Consistent Run-Time Environment for Web-ApplicationsWeb-Applications

Allows Client to Interact with Databases and Allows Client to Interact with Databases and Present Database-Driven Data in a Web PagePresent Database-Driven Data in a Web Page

Server Side ExtensionServer Side Extension

Part of Web Server ApplicationPart of Web Server Application Interacts directly with web serverInteracts directly with web server Handles specific requestsHandles specific requests

Middleware Connectivity to Middleware Connectivity to DatabasesDatabases

Native SQLNative SQL ODBC (most common)ODBC (most common) OLC DB – Object Linking and Embedding OLC DB – Object Linking and Embedding

Database Interface Database Interface – WindowsWindows

Web Browser – Client MachineWeb Browser – Client Machine

End User Web InterfaceEnd User Web Interface Interprets HTMLInterprets HTML Client-Side ExtensionsClient-Side Extensions

– Plug InsPlug Ins– Java / Java ScriptJava / Java Script– Active X and VB ScriptActive X and VB Script

Special Considerations for Internet Special Considerations for Internet DatabasesDatabases

Involved more than just database-enabled Involved more than just database-enabled applicationsapplications

Data TypesData Types– Integrate from Multiple SourcesIntegrate from Multiple Sources– How to store and extract dataHow to store and extract data– OverheadOverhead– Browser SupportBrowser Support

Special Considerations for Internet Special Considerations for Internet DatabasesDatabases

Data SecurityData Security– Web Server LevelWeb Server Level– RMDBS VendorRMDBS Vendor– Web to Database MiddlewareWeb to Database Middleware– Must Support E-CommerceMust Support E-Commerce

Transaction Management (stateless env.)Transaction Management (stateless env.) Client Side Data ValidationClient Side Data Validation Cannot Use Multiple Table Data Entry – Requires Cannot Use Multiple Table Data Entry – Requires

Denormalization of TablesDenormalization of Tables Other Operational and Management ChallengesOther Operational and Management Challenges