chapter23

Gardners Art Through the Ages, 13eChapter 23 Northern Europe and Spain, 1500 to 1600

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Europe in the 16th Century

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Goals Understand the consequences of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation Understand the diversity of cultures and artistic styles in Spain and Northern Europe Identify artists from the 16th century Spain and Northern Europe Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period

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23.1 Art in the Holy Roman Empire during the 16th Century Understand German culture and artistic styles Identify representative German artists from the 16th century Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period

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Figure 23-2a MATTHIAS GRNEWALD, Isenheim Altarpiece (closed, top; open, bottom), from the chapel of the Hospital of Saint Anthony, Isenheim, Germany, ca.15101515. Oil on wood, 9' 9 1/2 x 10 9, (center panel), 8 2 1/2 x 3 1/2 (each wing), 2 5 1/2 x 11 2 (predella). Shrine carved by Nikolaus Hagenauer in 1490. Painted and gilt limewood, 9 9 1/2 x 10 9. Muse dUnterlinden, Colmar. 5

Matthias Grenwald, The Annunciation; Madonna and Child with angels; Resurrection - from the Isenheim Altarpiece (open) ca. 1510-15, oil on panel

Matthias Grenwald

Resurrection

from the Isenheim Altarpiece

ca. 1510-15

oil on panel

Figure 23-2a MATTHIAS GRNEWALD, Isenheim Altarpiece (closed, top; open, bottom), from the chapel of the Hospital of Saint Anthony, Isenheim, Germany, ca.15101515. Oil on wood, 9' 9 1/2 x 10 9, (center panel), 8 2 1/2 x 3 1/2 (each wing), 2 5 1/2 x 11 2 (predella). Shrine carved by Nikolaus Hagenauer in 1490. Painted and gilt limewood, 9 9 1/2 x 10 9. Muse dUnterlinden, Colmar. 10

Hans Baldung Grien (Schwbisch Gmnd c. 1485-1545 Strasbourg)

The Three Ages of Man

1509/10

Tempera on Wood

H 48.2 cm, W 32.5 cm

Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna

Hans Baldung Grien

The Three Ages of Man and The Three Graces

1540

151 x 60 cm (each)

Oil on panel

Prado, Spain

Hans Baldung Grien, The Seven Ages of Woman, ca. 1510, Oil on oak-wood, 96.5 x 74 cm, Museum der Bildenden Knste, Leipzig

Hans Baldung Grien

The Witches

1510

Monochrome print, two plates (grey and black);

37.8 x 25.8 cm;

Louvre, Paris

Figure 23-3 HANS BALDUNG GRIEN, Witches Sabbath, 1510. Chiaroscuro woodcut, 1 2 7/8 X 10 . British Museum, London. 15

Lucas Cranach the Elder The Judgment of Paris c. 1528 Oil on wood 101.9 x 71.1 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Lucas Cranach the Elder

The Judgment of Paris

1530

Oil on panel

Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe, Germany



1530

Oil on panel



1530, tempera and oil on wood

87 x 59 cm



Ca. 1530

Oil on panel

Lucas Cranach the Elder, The Paradise, 1530, Limewood, 81 x 114 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Lucas Cranach the Elder St. Lucretia 1533 Oil on red beechwood 14 1/2 x 9 3/16 in. (37.3 x 23.9 cm), Gemaeldegalerie, Berlin

Albrecht Durer: Leonardo of the North Travelled widely through Europe and became an international celebrity Took trips to Italy to study Renaissance art First artist to synthesize Northern European stylistic features (intricate detail, realistic rendering of objects, symbols hidden as everyday objects) and blend them with Italian features (classical body types, linear perspective) --- admired the work of Leonardo First artist to keep a thorough record of his life (self-portraits, treatises on his thoughts, and a diary) Important graphic artist --- best known for his engravings Influenced significantly by Martin Luther and Protestant Reformation

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Albrecht Drer, Pond in the Woods, c. 1496, Watercolor and gouache on paper, 26 x 37 cm, British Museum, London

Albrecht Drer, Italian Mountians, ca. 1500, watercolor

Figure 23-4 ALBRECHT DRER, Great Piece of Turf, 1503. Watercolor, 1 3/4 x 1 3/8. Albertina, Vienna. 26

Albrecht Durer A Young Hare 1502 Watercolor and gouache on paper, 25 x 23 cm; Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna

Albrecht Durer

Self-portrait at 22 1493 Oil on linen, transferred from vellum 57 x 45 cm Musee du Louvre, Paris

Albrecht Drer! Self-Portrait at 26! 1498! Oil on wood!

Albrecht Drer

Self-Portrait at 28

1500

67 x 49cm

Oil on panel

Figure 23-4 ALBRECHT DRER, Last Supper, 1523. Woodcut, 8 3/8 x 11 13/16. British Museum, London.

Albrecht Drer

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

1497-98

Woodcut

15 3/8 x 11 in. ! (39.2 x 27.9 cm)!

Figure 23-6 ALBRECHT DRER, The Fall of Man (Adam and Eve), 1504. Engraving, approx. 9 7/8 x 7 5/8. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (centennial gift of Landon T. Clay).

Leonardo da Vinci

Study of proportions from Vitruvius's De Architectura (Vitruvian Man, a.k.a. Canon of Proportions) Pen and ink 34.3 x 24.5 cm (13 1/2 x 9 5/8 in.) Academia, Venice

Albrecht Drer

Adam and Eve

1507

Oil on panel

Each panel 209 x 82 cm

Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid

Figure 23-8 ALBRECHT DRER, Knight, Death, and the Devil, 1513. Engraving, 9 5/8 x 7 3/8. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Albrecht Drer, Melencholia I, 1514, Engraving

Albrecht Drer Study of Praying Hands 1508 Brush and ink heightened with white on blue tinted paper 29 x 20 cm Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna

23.2 Protestant Reformation Understand the consequences of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation Observe how Protestantism affected the role and imagery of art

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Figure 23-7 LUCAS CRANACH THE ELDER, Allegory of Law and Grace, ca. 1530. Woodcut, 10 5/8 x 1 3/4. British Museum, London.

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Figure 23-5 ALBRECHT DRER, Knight, Death, and the Devil, 1513. Engraving, 9 5/8 x 7 3/8. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 46

Figure 23-6 ALBRECHT DRER, Four Apostles, 1526. Oil on wood, each panel 7 1 x 2 6. Alte Pinakothek, Munich. 47


Martin Luther as Junker Jrg

Ca. 1521, Oil on wood

20 1.2 x 13 5/8

Kunstmuseum, Weimer, Germany

Figure 23-8 ALBRECHT ALTDORFER, The Battle of Issus, 1529. Oil on wood, 5 2 1/4 x 3 11 1/4. Alte Pinakothek, Munich. 49

Albrecht Altdorfer

The Rest on the Flight into Egypt

1510, Oil on panel

Staatliche Museen, Gemldegalerie, Berlin, Germany

Albrecht Altdorfer

Landscape with a Footbridge

c.1518-20; Oil on vellum and wood, 42.1 x 35.5 cm; National Gallery, London

Albrecht Altdorfer

The Danube Valley near Regensburg

c.1510, Wood, Private collection

Albrecht Altdorfer.

St. George

1510, 28x23cm, Oil on wood

Alte Pinakothek, Munich, Germany

Hans Holbein the Younger

Erasmus of Rotterdam

Ca. 1523

Oil on panel

Figure 23-10 HANS HOLBEIN THE YOUNGER, The French Ambassadors, 1533. Oil and tempera on panel, approx. 6 8 x 6 9 1/2. National Gallery, London.


Georg Gisze, a German merchant in London

1532

Oil on wood, 96.3 x 85.7 cm (38 x 33 3/4 in); Gemaldegalerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin

Petrus Christus

St. Eligius, as a Goldsmith, Hands the Wedding Couple a Ring.

1469

Oil on wood.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Petrus Christus

(Detail) St. Eligius, as a Goldsmith, Hands the Wedding Couple a Ring.

1469

Oil on wood.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Jan Van Eyck St Jerome in His Study 1442 Oil on parchment on oak panel 20 x 12,5 cm Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit

Figure 23-17 QUINTEN MASSYS, Money-Changer and His Wife, 1514. Oil on panel, 2 3 3/4 x 2 2 3/8. Louvre, Paris.

Figure 23-17 Detail Still life on the table: Prayer book, convex mirror, scale

2005 Saskia Cultural Documentation, Ltd.

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Portrait of King Henry VIII

1540

Oil on panel

23.3 Art in France during the 16th Century Understand the French culture and artistic styles Identify representative French artists from the 16th century Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period

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Figure 23-10 JEAN CLOUET, Francis I, ca. 15251530. Tempera and oil on wood, approx. 3 2 x 2 5. Louvre, Paris. 71

Figure 23-11 Chteau de Chambord, Chambord, France, begun 1519. 72

Figure 23-12 PIERRE LESCOT, west wing of the Cour Carre (Square Court) of the Louvre, Paris, France, begun 1546. 73

23.4 Art in the Netherlands during the 16th Century Understand Dutch culture and artistic styles Identify representative Dutch artists from the 16th century Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period Examine the complex iconography of Boschs Garden of Earthly Delights

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Hieronymus Bosch - The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things, Oil on wood - painted tabletop - ca. 1475-1515

Figure 20-18 HIERONYMUS BOSCH, Garden of Earthly Delights. Creation of Eve (left wing), Garden of Earthly Delights (central panel), Hell (right wing), 15051510. Oil on wood, center panel 7 2 5/8 x 6 4 3/4. Museo del Prado, Madrid.

Hieronymus Bosch

The Garden of Earthly Delights

(left, or Eden Panel)

Triptych

1505-1510

Oil on wood

Figure 20-18 Center Panel Total, center panel

Hieronymus Bosch

The Garden of Earthly Delights

(Right, or Hell Panel)

Triptych

1505-1510

Oil on wood

Hieronymus BOSCH, The Haywain, 1500-02, Oil on panel, Museo del Prado, Madrid

Hieronymous Bosch, Triptych of Temptation of St Anthony, 1505-06, Oil on panel, 131,5 x 119 cm (central), 131,5 x 53 cm (each wing), Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon

Detail of the Temptation of St. Anthony

Plague victim from St. Anthony panel (detail)

Detail of the Temptation of St. Anthony triptych by Hieronymous Bosch

Figure 23-14 JAN GOSSAERT Neptune and Amphitrite, ca. 1516. Oil on wood, 6 2 x 4 3/4. Gemldegalerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin. 111

Figure 23-6 ALBRECHT DRER, The Fall of Man (Adam and Eve), 1504. Engraving, approx. 9 7/8 x 7 5/8. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (centennial gift of Landon T. Clay).

Jan Gossaert St Luke Painting the Madonna 1520-25 Wood, 109.5 x 82 cm Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Jan Gossaert

Dana

1527

Oil on panel

Figure 23-18 PIETER AERTSEN, Meat Still-Life, 1551. Oil on panel, 4 3/8 x 6 5 3/4. Uppsala University Art Collection, Uppsala.

Pieter Aertson

Market Woman with Vegetable Stall

1567

Oil on wood, 11 x 110 cm

Staatliche Museen, Berlin

Pieter Aertson, Market Scene with Christ and the Adulteress, 1559, oil on wood, Stdelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt

Pieter Aertson

Market Scene

Undated

oil on wood

Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, Cologne

Figure 23-17 CATERINA VAN HEMESSEN, Self-Portrait, 1548. Oil on panel, 1 3/4 x 9 7/8. Kunstmuseum, ffentliche Kunstsammlung Basel. 121

Figure 23-18 Attibuted to LEVINA TEERLINC. Elizabeth I as a Princess, ca. 1559. Oil on wood, 3 6 3/4 x 2 8 1/4. The Royal Collection, Windsor Castle, Windsor, England. 122

Figure 23-21 JOACHIM PATINIR, Landscape with Saint Jerome, ca. 15201524. Oil on panel, 2 5 1/8 x 2 11 7/8. Prado, Madrid.

Joachim Patinier , Landscape with the Rest on the Flight, Oil on wood, 68 x 83 cm, Strossmayer Gallery, Zagreb

Joachim Patinier, Charon, Oil on panel, 64 x 103 cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid

Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus c. 1558 Oil on canvas, mounted on wood, 73.5 x 112 cm Muses Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels

Pieter Brueghel, The Triumph of Death, c. 1562 Oil on panel 117 x 162 cm Museo del Prado, Madrid

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Figure 23-22 PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER, Hunters in the Snow, 1565. Oil on panel, approx. 3 10 x 5 4. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.

Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Peasant Wedding, 1565, oil on panel

Pieter Brueghel the Elder, The Peasant Dance, 1567, oil on wood

Figure 23-20 PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER, Netherlandish Proverbs, 1559. Oil on wood, 3 10 x 5 4 1/8. Gemldegalerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin.

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Bruegel, Pieter, Dulle Griet (Mad Meg), c. 1562, Oil on panel, 117.4 x 162 cm, Museum Mayer van den Bergh, Antwerp

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Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Tower of Babel , 1563; Oil on oak panel, 114 x 155 cm; Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna 140

Pieter Brueghel the Elder, The Blind Leading the Blind, 1568, oil on panel

Pieter Brueghel the Elder, The Alchemist, 1558, drawing

23.5 Art in Spain during the 16th Century Understand Spanish culture and artistic styles Identify representative Spanish artists from the 16th century Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period

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Figure 23-22 Portal, Colegio de San Gregorio, Valladolid, Spain, ca. 1498. 144

Figure 23-23 Portal, Casa de Montejo, Merida, Mexico, 1549. 145

Figure 23-24 Juan de Herrera and Juan Bautista de Toledo, El Escorial, near Madrid, Spain, ca. 15631584 (detail of an anonymous 18th-century painting).

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Figure 23-26 EL GRECO, The Burial of Count Orgaz, Santo Tom, Toledo, Spain, 1586. Oil on canvas, approx. 16 x 12.

Chapel Containing El Grecos The Burial of Count Orgaz, 1586

El Greco, Fray Felix Hortensio Paravicino, ca. 1605, Oil on canvas

El Greco

Portrait of St. Jerome as a Cardinal

1600-1610

Oil on canvas

Metropolitan Museum of Art

El Greco

Christ Crucied with Two Donors

1585-90

Oil on panel

Discussion Questions How does art influence or reflect religion? How does Protestant art differ from Catholic art during the Reformation and Counter Reformation? Does religion influence art today? If so, how? How prevalent is religious art today? Why?

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