Chapter05.Energy Conservation and Fire

7/28/2019 Chapter05.Energy Conservation and Fire

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ENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSERVATION

For internal circulation of BSNLonlyDate of creation:-22/03/2011

FIRE SAFETYFIRE SAFETY


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IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY CONSERVATIONIMPORTANCE OF ENERGY CONSERVATION

Energy is a scarce resource and the increment in

energy cost is too steep. In present scenario,

competitive pricing strategy has become a vitaloption for survival of a commercial organization. To

cut price, the cost of production needs to be reduced

For internal circulation of BSNL only

,

one of the most important cost components of

production in any type of industry. So, cost reduction

in energy or in other words reduction in energy

consumption is of prime importance for survival of anindustry.


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ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES IN BSNLENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES IN BSNL

Following measures are to beimplemented which have been

classified as:

A.A.No cost measuresNo cost measures

For internal circulation of BSNLonly

B.B.Low cost measuresLow cost measures

C.C.High cost measuresHigh cost measures


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NO COST MEASURESNO COST MEASURES

1.1. CMD rationalisationCMD rationalisation

2.2. Power Factor ImprovementPower Factor Improvement

3.3. Switch off Stand by TransformerSwitch off Stand by Transformer


4.4. Thermostat AdjustmentThermostat Adjustment

5.5. Isolate nonIsolate non--AC areaAC area

6.6. Reduce excess illuminationReduce excess illumination

7.7. Switch off lights in unmanned areaSwitch off lights in unmanned area


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Power Factor Improvement

For internal circulation of BSNLonly3/11/2011


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The diagram above indicates a beer mug or aerated

drink analogy to understand power factor.

While pouring the bottle in to the glass, the higher the foam

content in the glass, lesser will be the amount of usable

liquid / drink in the glass. The foam here indicates reactive

For internal circulation of BSNLonly3/11/2011

energy and thus higher foam content implies poorpower factor or inefficient utilization of the drink.

Power Factor= Active Power / (Active Power + Reactive

Power)

= KW / (KW + KVAR)

= Brink / (Brink + Foam)


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The advantages of power factor improvement are:

Improvement in voltage regulation.

Higher power output can be obtained with the same


.

Reduction in power loss in transformer.

Reduction of current carrying rating of cables and

switchgears. Reduction in power loss in distribution cables.


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LOW COST MEASURESLOW COST MEASURES

1.1.Condenser stopping with compressorCondenser stopping with compressor

2.2.Free coolingFree cooling

3.3. ED indications in panelsED indications in panels


4.4.After office hour lightingAfter office hour lighting

5.5.Temperature setting /Thermostat changeTemperature setting /Thermostat change


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6.6. Electronic BallastElectronic Ballast

7. Energy efficient lighting7. Energy efficient lighting


..

9. Automatic volume control damper9. Automatic volume control damper

10. Common area lighting10. Common area lighting11. Use of level controllers in pumps.11. Use of level controllers in pumps.


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HIGH COST MEASUERSHIGH COST MEASUERS

LT to HT CONVERSIONLT to HT CONVERSION


MONITORINGMONITORING


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NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY METHODSNON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY METHODS

a)a)SOLAR WATER heating systems in allSOLAR WATER heating systems in all

existing as well as newexisting as well as newhostels,canteens and inspectionhostels,canteens and inspectionquarters.quarters.


b) Existing solar panel spared fromb) Existing solar panel spared from

MARR station shall be utilized forMARR station shall be utilized forsupplying lighting and all othersupplying lighting and all otherpossible loads.possible loads.


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c) Waste water recycling should beWaste water recycling should bedone by installing sewage treatmentdone by installing sewage treatment


p ants n a ma or u ngs yp ants n a ma or u ngs y(E) / CE (E) in consultation with(E) / CE (E) in consultation with

CGMs.CGMs.


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ACTIVITIES FOR CREATINGACTIVITIES FOR CREATINGAWARENESS AND PROMOTINGAWARENESS AND PROMOTING


ENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSERVATION

IN BSNLIN BSNL


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USING HIGH SENSIBLE HEATUSING HIGH SENSIBLE HEATFACTOR AC UNITSFACTOR AC UNITS



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ENRGY CONSERVATION ACT 2001ENRGY CONSERVATION ACT 2001

It is a regulatory act enacted by theIt is a regulatory act enacted by the

Government and the boardGovernment and the boardobjective isobjective is


and its conservation through certainand its conservation through certainstatutory measures to promotestatutory measures to promote

conservation of energy and facilitateconservation of energy and facilitateits efficient useits efficient use.


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ENERGY EFFICIENCY LABELLING

A Star rating between 1 star and 5 stars is

given to equipment based on its energy

efficiency and power consumption. The Five

star rating is given to the most efficient


equ pmen an ne s ar o e eas e c en .This scheme has been presently launched for

Frost-free refrigerators, Window/ Split AC

units, Fluorescent Tubular lamps, inductionmotors and transformers. More products

are being covered by Star labeling .


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ENERGY AUDITENERGY AUDIT

Energy Audit is a tool to identifyEnergy Audit is a tool to identify

areas where excess energyareas where excess energyconsumption or wastage of energyconsumption or wastage of energy


is taking place.is taking place.


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Unit of Electrical Energy (KWh)

One unit of electricity meansusing one Kilo watt (KW) or 1OOO


a or one our.

1 UNIT= 1 KW x 1 HOUR = 1 KWh

= 1OOO W x 1 HOUR


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EER of an Air-conditioner

EER is the Ratio between Cooling Capacity of AC Unit (in BTU/hr or

Kcal/Hr) and Power input to AC Unit in Watts

EER = Cooling Output / Power input in Watts

The conversion factor for calculating cooling capacity is -

= =


For a 1.5 Ton AC consuming 2OOO Watts power, EER will be

calculated as:

EER (BTU/Hr-W)= (1.5 x 12OOO) / 2OOO = 9.O

EER (Kcal/Hr-W)= (1.5 x 3O24) / 2OOO = 2.27


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FIRE SAFETYFIRE SAFETY

FIRE TAKESFIRE TAKES


PLACE DUE TO 3PLACE DUE TO 3INGREIENTSINGREIENTS


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3 Factors are essential for3 Factors are essential for

combustion namely:combustion namely:i)i)The presence of fuel, orThe presence of fuel, or


com us e su s ances.com us e su s ances.ii)ii)The presence of OXYGEN.The presence of OXYGEN.

iii)iii)Attainment and maintenance ofAttainment and maintenance ofa certain minimum temperature.a certain minimum temperature.


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CLASSES OF FIRE & EXTINGUISHING AGENTCLASSES OF FIRE & EXTINGUISHING AGENT

CLASS A FIRECLASS A FIRE

CLASS B FIRECLASS B FIRE


CLASS D FIRECLASS D FIRE

ELECTRICAL FIREELECTRICAL FIRE


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CLASS A FIRECLASS A FIRE

Fires involving solid combustibleFires involving solid combustible

materials of organic nature such asmaterials of organic nature such as

wood, paper plastics etc.wood, paper plastics etc.

Here coolin e ect o water is essentialHere coolin e ect o water is essential


for extinction of fires.for extinction of fires.

Effective extinguishing agent isEffective extinguishing agent is

generally water in the form of jet orgenerally water in the form of jet orspray.spray.


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CLASS B FIRECLASS B FIRE

FIRES involving flammable liquidsFIRES involving flammable liquids

or liquefiable solids.or liquefiable solids.

Here blanketing effect is necessary.Here blanketing effect is necessary.


,,

powder,and carbon dioxide.powder,and carbon dioxide.


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CLASS C FIRECLASS C FIRE

Fires involving flammable gases underFires involving flammable gases under

pressure including liquefied gases.pressure including liquefied gases.

Here it is essential to inhibit theHere it is essential to inhibit the

burning gas at fast rate.burning gas at fast rate.


Extinguishing Agents :foam , dryExtinguishing Agents :foam , drypowder and carbon dioxidepowder and carbon dioxide


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CLASS D FIRECLASS D FIRE

FIRES involving combustibleFIRES involving combustible

metals such as magnesium ,metals such as magnesium ,aluminum , zinc ,sodium.aluminum , zinc ,sodium.


ry ow er or me a re are ery ow er or me a re are especial extinguishing agent .special extinguishing agent .


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ELECTRICAL FIREELECTRICAL FIRE

For this type of fire nonFor this type of fire non--conductivity ofconductivity of

the extinguishing media is of utmostthe extinguishing media is of utmostimportance and only extinguishersimportance and only extinguishers


,,

should be used.should be used.


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FIRE PREVENTION & SAFETY INSTRUCTIONSFIRE PREVENTION & SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

A committee was formed for thorough

examination of cases of fires in telecombuildings and to suggest measures to avoid

such incidents in future. Subse uentl


detailed instructions have been issuedon precautions against fire incidents in

telephone exchanges / buildings.


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MAJOR CAUSES OF FIREMAJOR CAUSES OF FIRE

1.1.Short circuit in switching racksShort circuit in switching racks

2.2.Overloading in DC power cablesOverloading in DC power cables


.. ..

4.4.Improper maintenance of electricalImproper maintenance of electrical

safety devices.safety devices.


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PREVENTIVE MEASURESPREVENTIVE MEASURES

Automatic fire detection system

and alarm.Fire extinguishers


Wet risers in building more than15mtr in height.

Follow fire protection manual.


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PREVENTIVE MEASURESPREVENTIVE MEASURES

Automatic fire detection system and alarm

Fire extinguishers

Wet risers in building more than 15 mtr in height.

Disposal of unusable furnitures .

To create awareness , fire safety day should be


A non exchange line to the nearest fire stationshould be provided.


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Chapter05.Energy Conservation and Fire