CHAPTER XI

"The Miami Spirit" and the Miami Mosquito-

Civil and Civic Activities-The Bank That

Came Back and the Bank That Romfh Built.

There are said to be three allied affections of an

elemental character in every noble soul-the love of

home, the love of country and the love of the town

they live in. In Miami one hears much about what

they call the Miami spirit, which may be described

as an impassioned spirit of civic pride, or love of the

town they live in. It is a spirit of progressive co-

operation-a pulling together for the city. The

civic spirit in Miami has been cultivated to the nth

degree. Many Northern towns might well take a

lesson from Miami in this respect.

114

THE TOWN THAT CLIMATE BUILT

This Miami spirit was finely demonstrated a

few years ago when the city became visibly tired of

the old political system that had controlled the affairs

of the city. The rapid growth of Miami had brought

problems of administration beyond that of the aver-

age municipality, and enlightened public opinion de-

manded a modern, progressive government in keeping

with the progress of the city. The city elected to

change to the commission-manager form of govern-

ment and adopted a new charter. The Miami spirit

was largely responsible for the election of a non-

political ticket composed of the five leading bankers

of the city as city commissioners. It was a clear case

of putting the city's interests first.

The city was soon confronted with another

problem due to its phenomenal growth. The build-

ing of school houses and the employment of addi-

tional teachers to care for the increasing population

had exhausted the funds of the school board. There

appeared no legal way by which the school board

115

THE TOWN THAT CLIMATE BUILT

could borrow money, and the only alternative was

to close the public schools. The problem was at

once taken hold of by the Miami-spirited citizens and

a quasi-legal way was found to secure the needed

funds to keep the schools going. The Miami schools,

by the way, have been pronounced by eminent North-

ern educators as among the best in the United States.

Miami, in addition to being the home town of

the straw hat, used to be known also as the home

town of the mosquito. There are said to be forty-

two kinds of mosquitos and each kind is thought

to have shown a fondness for Miami's peculiar

charms. The early inhabitants of Miami are said to

have had to wear their gas masks and to carry a

first aid dressing kit when venturing beyond the wire

netting of their homes.

Miami is still fighting mosquitos. They are

fighting them in the old way when they have to, but

they are also fighting them in an organized, scientific

way. The story of this fight is another illustration

116

THE TOWN THAT CLIMATE BUILT

of the Miami spirit and a little story of municipal en-

terprise as well. There had beeen an epidemic of

dengue fever in Miami and other southern cities.

This plague is attributed directly to the dengue mos-

quito. The Commissioner of Public Service in Miami

determined that the epidemic should not be repeated.

He sought the aid of an entomologist in the United

States Department of Agriculture and with a small

appropriation from the city began a systematic fight

against the "wigglers." His simple method was

the spraying of oil on all stagnant pools in the city,

old rain barrels, sewers, tin cans and other recept-

acles. The city was divided into districts and a man

patroled every street, alley and back yard. This

modest precautionary method produced astonishing

results, as the city has been practically free from den-

gue fever cases, though many other Florida cities

have since had another epidemic of the plague. The

plan now is to wage a relentless fight against the

mosquito throughout the breeding season. The

117

THE TOWN THAT CLIMATE BUILT

city has made an appropriation for this purpose and

public co-operation is being stimulated by a cam-

paign of education.

There was a bank failure in Miami in 1921.

On May 19 of that year the Fidelity Bank 8 Trust

Company closed its doors, holding deposits of over

two million dollars. The city was in a stir. The

unfavorable publicity attached to a bank failure in

Miami was apparent to all. The next day after the

bank closed a mass meeting of the depositors of the

bank was called by a self-appointed committee of

depositors. This was probably one of the most

unique mass meetings ever held. Over two thousand

depositors attended the meeting and the failure of

the bank was frankly discussed in an open forum.

A resolution was unanimously adopted petitioning

the State Comptroller to grant the officials of the de-

funct bank sixty days of grace in which to re-or-

ganize. This was granted. A committee of de-

positors then got busy formulating a plan to save

118

THE TOWN THAT CLIMATE BUILT

the bank and more especially the deposits. A

campaign was launched to get the depositors to

agree to withdraw their deposits only in small in-

stallments covering a period of three years. These

waivers were signed by about eighty-five per cent.

of the depositors. On the strength of this backing

of the old depositors, the depositors committee, with

the aid of other influential citizens of the city, were

able to interest important banking interests to take

over the institution and pay one hundred cents on

the dollar. This is said to be the only bank that

ever came back. The conventional thing is for a

community to accept a bank failure as something in-

evitable, but Miami-especially the Miami spirit-

is unconventional.

Perhaps the Miami spirit-certainly the civic

spirit-had something to do with another Miami

bank. In 1922 the First National Bank, of which

E. C. Romfh is generally called the "daddy," built

Miami's first steel skyscrapper. The busy corner

119

THE TOWN THAT CLIMATE BUILT

where this ten-story bank building stands was a

barren lot twenty-five years ago. But in Miami the

largest skyscrapper of one season is not likely to

hold that distinction the next season. The first unit

of a fourteen-story building is now being construct-

ed by the Bank of Bay Bascayne.

Miami is literally alive with civic clubs and

organizations and each organization is alive with

the Miami spirit. They have a fine Rotary Club,

Kiwanis, Exchange and Civitan Clubs, and there is

a Community Council of Civic Clubs which seeks

to co-ordinate all club activities. The Miami Real-

ty Board is an organization that is trying to put the

"real" in the real estate business in Miami.

The Miami spirit as reflected by the progressive

tendencies of these civic clubs and as evidenced by

an ultra-progressive citizenship will undoubtedly

prove a strong factor in the solution of the city's

unsolved civic problems.

120

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