Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CHAPTER– VIII
BIBLIOGRAPHY
232
AdieBAT,PérezPérezJ,PérezPérezMM,GodoyM,SánchezSerranoJJ,SchmelzEAand
SolanoR(2007)ABAisanessentialsignalforplantresistancetopathogensaffecting
JAbiosynthesisandtheactivationofdefensesinArabidopsis.The PlantCell 19:1665–
1681.
Agren GI (2008) Stoichiometry and nutrition of plant growth in natural communities.
AnnualReviewofEcology,EvolutionandSystematics 39:15370.
Agrios GN (1997) Control of plant diseases. Plant pathology. 4th edition. California:
AcademicPress.
AiraM,MonroyFandDomínguezJ(2007)Earthwormsstronglymodifymicrobialbiomass
andactivitytriggeringenzymaticactivitiesduringvermicompostingindependentlyof
theapplicationratesofpigslurry.Scienceof TotalEnvironment 385:252–261.
AlfanoG,IveyML,CakirC,BosJI,MillerSA,MaddenLV,KamounSandHoitinkHA(2007)
Systemicmodulation of gene expression in tomato by Trichoderma hamatum 382.
Phytopathology 97:429–437.
AlMughrabiKI,BerthéléméC,LivingstonT,BurgoyneA,PoirierRandVikramA(2008)
Aerobic compost tea, compost and a combination of both reduce the severity of
common scab (Streptomyces scabiei) on potato tubers. Journal of Plant Sciences 3:
168–175.
Anonymous(1990)Leafblightsorspotsofcarrot.Reportonplantdisease,Departmentof
crop sciences, University of Illinois, RPD No. 938,
http://ipm.illinois.edu/diseases/rpds/938.pdf,accessed24Jan2013.
Anonymous (1992) Annual progress report. Barani Agricultural Research Institute,
Chakwal:72.
233
Anonymous 2009. DARE/ICAR ANNUAL REPORT 2008–2009.
ww.icar.org.in/files/reports/icardare.../08.Crop%20Management.pdf. accessed on
11June2014.
Anonymous 2013a. http://www.chemspider.com/ChemicalStructure.10188562.html;
accessed24Jan2013.
Bioresource 93:139–144.
Araujo Y, Luizão FJ and Barros E (2004) Effect of earthwormaddition on soil nitrogen
availability,microbial biomass and litter decomposition inmesocosms. Biology and
FertilityofSoils 39:146–152.
Arthur GD, Jager AK and Van Staden J (2001) The release of cytokininlike compounds
fromGingkobiloba leafmaterialduringcomposting.EnvironmentalandExperimental
Botany 45:5561.
AsadaK(2006)Productionandscavengingofreactiveoxygenspeciesinchloroplastsand
theirfunctions.PlantPhysiology 141:391–396.
Asciutto K, Rivera MC, Wright ER, Morisigue D and López MV (2006) Effect of
vermicompostonthegrowthandhealthofImpatienswallerana.Phyton 75:115123.
AtiyehRM,LeeS,EdwardsCA,AranconNQandMetzgerJD.Theinfluenceofhumicacids
derived from earthwormprocessed organic wastes on plant growth. Bioresource
Technology 84:7–14.
234
AtkinsonGF(1891)Sphaerellagossypina,n.sp.,theperfectstageofCercosporagossypina,
Cooke.BulletinoftheTorreyBotanical Club18 10:300–301.
Audenaert K, De Meyer GB and Höfte MM (2002) Abscisic acid determines basal
susceptibility of tomato toBotrytis cinerea and suppresses salicylic aciddependent
signalingmechanisms.PlantPhysiology 128:491–501.
Aysan E and Demir S (2009) Using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium
leguminosarum,Biovarphaseoli AgainstSclerotiniasclerotiorum (Lib.)debaryinthe
commonbeanPhaseolusvulgaris L.).PlantPathologyJournal 8:7448.
BansalSandKapoorKK(2000)Vermicompostingofcropresiduesandcattledungwith
Eiseniafoetida.BioresourceTechnology 73:95–98.
Barois I and Lavelle P (1986) Changes in respiration rate and some physicochemical
properties of a tropical soil during transit through Pontoscolex corethrurus
(Glossoscolecidae,Oligochaeta).SoilBiologyBiochemistry 18:539–591.
BarrenaR,FelícitasVázquezFandSánchezA(2007)Dehydrogenaseactivityasamethod
formonitoringthecompostingprocess.BioresourceTechnology 99:905–908.
BaruaD,BuragohainJandSarmaSK(2011)Certainphysicochemicalchangesinthesoil
brought about by contamination of crude oil in two oil fields of Assam, NE India
EuropeanJournalofExperimentalBiology 1:154161.
BaruahBK,DasB,MedhiCandMisraAK (2013)Fertilitystatusofsoil intheteagarden
belts of Golaghat district, Assam, India. Journal of Chemistry.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/983297.
Benıtez E, Nogales R, Masciandaro G and Ceccanti B (2000) Isolation by isoelectric
focusing of humic–urease complexes from earthworm (Eisenia foetida)—processed
sewagesludges.BiologyandFertilityofSoils 31:489–93.
235
BenitezE,SainzHandNogalesR(2005)Hydrolyticenzymeactivitiesofextractedhumic
substances during the vemicomposting of a lignocellulosic olive waste. Bioresource
Technology 96:785–790.
BhagowatiRRandChangkijaS(2009)Geneticvariabilityandtraditionalpracticesinnaga
kingchililandracesofNagaland.AsianAgriHistory 13:171180.
BhartiyaHD,DubeyRandSinghSK(2000) NewCercospora spp.Associatedwithvegetable
cropsinnortheasternUttarPradesh.IndianPhytopathology 53:149152.
BhartiyaHD,DubeyRandSinghSK(2000)NewCercospora spp.Associatedwithvegetable
cropsinnortheasternUttarPradesh.IndianPhytopathology 53:149152.
Bhat FA, Dar GM, Teli MA and Ahmad MF (2008) Frogeye leaf spot of bell pepper in
Kashmir: prevalenceand cause.Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 21: 460
461.
BhattacharjeeSandSharmaGD(2011)TheVesicularArbuscular MycorrhizaAssociated
withThreeCultivarsofRice(Oryzasativa L.).IndianJournalofMicrobiology 51:377–
383.
Birch AJ (1967) Biosynthesis of polyketides and related compounds. Science 156: 202–
206.
BlilouI,OcampoJAandGarciaGarridoJM(2000)InductionofLtp(Lipidtransferprotein)
andPal(Phenylalanineammonialyase)geneexpressioninricerootscolonizedbythe
arbuscularmycorrhizal fungusGlomusmosseae. Journal of Experimental Botany 51:
19691977.
Bonanomi G, Antignani V, Pane C and Scala F (2007) Suppression of Soilborne Fungal
diseaseswithorganicamendments.JournalofPlantPathology 89:311324.
236
Bosland PW and Votava EJ (2000) Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums. CABI, New
York,pp.14.
Braun U and Melnik VA (1997) Cercosporoid fungi from Russia and adjacent countries.
TrudyBot.Inst.im.V.L.Komarova(St.Petersburg)20:1130.
Bray RH and Kurtz LT (1945) Determination of total, organic and available form of
phosphorusinsoils.SoilScience 59:39–45.
CantonwineEG,CulbreathAKandStevensonKL(2007)Characterizationofearlyleafspot
97:187–194
L. seedlings
1145.
CaravacaF,TortosaG,CarrascoL,CegarraJandRoldánA(2006)InteractionbetweenAM
fungi and a liquid organic amendment with respect to enhancement to the
performance to the leguminousshrubRetamasphaerocarpa.BiologyandFertilityof
Soils 43:30–38.
CarboneIandKohnLM(1999)Amethodfordesigningprimersetsforspeciationstudies
infilamentousascomycetes.Mycologia 91:553556.
CastresanaJ(2000)Selectionofconservedblocksfrommultiplealignmentsfortheiruse
inphylogeneticanalysis.MolecularBiologyandEvolution 17:540552.
Cavender ND, Atiyeh RM and Knee M (2003) Vermicompost stimulates mycorrhizal
colonizationofrootsofSorghumbicolor attheexpenseofplantgrowth.Pedobiologia
47:85–89.
Ceccanti B and Garcia C (1994) Coupled chemical and biochemical methodologies to
characterizeacompostingprocessandthehumicsubstances.In:SenesiNandMiano
237
TM (eds.). Humic substances in the global environment and implications on human
health.Amsterdam:Elsevierpp.1279–84.
ChandaD,SharmaGDandJhaDK(2014)IsolationandidentificationofsomeArbuscular
Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for phytoremediation in soil contaminated with paper mill
effluent. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 3: 527
539.
ChandlerJ(2005)CostreductioninSITprogrammesusingexosectautodisseminationas
part of area wide integrated pest management. International Journal of Pest Control
47:257260.
Chen H, Lee MH, Daub ME and Chung KR (2007) Molecular analysis of the cercosporin
biosynthetic gene cluster inCercosporanicotianae.MolecularMicrobiology 64: 755–
770.
ChenMM,YinHB,O’ConnerP,WangYSandZhuYG2010.C:N:Pstoichiometryandspecific
growthrateofclovercolonizedbyarbuscularmycorrhizalfungi.PlantandSoil 326:
2129.
Chen W, Hoitink HAJ, Schmitthenner AF and Tuovinen OH (1988) The role of microbial
activity in suppression of dampingoff caused by Pythium ultimum. Phytopathology
78:314–322.
Chevenet F, Brun C, Banuls A, Jacq B and Chisten R (2006) TreeDyn: towards dynamic
graphicsandannotationsforanalysesoftrees.BMCBioinformatics 7:439.
Choi DS and Hwang BK (2011) Proteomics and Functional Analyses of Pepper Abscisic
Acid–Responsive1(ABR1),WhichIsInvolvedinCellDeathandDefenseSignaling.The
PlantCell 23:823–842.
238
ChoiDS,HwangISandHwangBK2012RequirementoftheCytosolicInteractionbetween
pathogenesisrelatedprotein10andleucinerichrepeatprotein1forCellDeathand
DefenseSignalinginPepper.ThePlantCell 24:1675–1690.
ChoiHW,KimYJ,LeeSC,HongJKandHwangBK(2007)HydrogenPeroxideGenerationby
the Pepper Extracellular Peroxidase CaPO2 Activates Local and Systemic Cell Death
andDefenseResponsetoBacterialPathogens.PlantPhysiology 145:890904.
Choquer M, Dekkers KA, Chen HQ, Cao L, Ueng PP, Daub ME and Chung KR (2005) The
CTB1 gene encoding a fungal polyketide synthase is required for cercosporin
biosynthesis and fungal virulence ofCercosporanicotianae.MolecularPlantMicrobe
Interactions 18:468–476.
Chung YR, Hoitink HAJ, Dick WD and Herr LJ (1988) Effects of organic matter
decomposition level and cellulose amendments on the inoculum potential of
Rhizoctoniasolani inhardwoodbarkmedia.Phytopathology 78:836–840.
CordierC,PozoMJ,BareaJM,GianinazziSandGianinazziPearsonV(1998)CellDefense
responses Associated with Localized and Systemic Resistance to Phytophthora
parasitica InducedinTomatobyanArbuscularMycorrhizalFungus.MolecularPlant
MicrobeInteraction 11:10171028.
CrawfordJH(1985)Compostingofagriculturewaste.InBiotechnology:Applicationsand
Research, Cheremisinoff PN and Onellette RP (Eds.), 71, Technomic Publishing,
Lancaster,Pa,USA.
CrousPW andBraunU(2003)Mycosphaerella anditsanamorphs1.Namespublishedin
Cercospora andPassalora.CBSBiodiversSeries 1:1–571.
CrousPW,BraunUandGroenewaldJZ(2007)Mycospaherella ispolyphyletic.Studies in
Mycology 58:1–32.
239
CrousPW,GroenewaldJZ,RisedeJMand HywelJonesNL(2004)Calonectriaspeciesand
theirCylindrocladium anamorphs: species with sphaeropedunculate vesicles.Studies
inMycology 50:415429.
CrousPW,WingfieldMJ,Mansilla JP,AlfenasACandGroenewaldJZ(2006)Phylogenetic
reassessmentofMycosphaerella spp.andtheiranamorphsoccurringonEucalyptus.II.
StudiesinMycology 55:99131.
DaiO,SinghRKandNimasowG(2011)Effectofarbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)inoculation
on growth of chili plant in organic manure amended soil. African Journal of
MicrobiologicalResearch 5:50045012.
DasK,TiwariRKSandShrivastavaDK(2010)Techniquesforevaluationofmedicinalplant
products as antimicrobial agent: Current methods and future trends. Journal of
MedicinalPlantsResearch 4:104–111.
Daub ME and Briggs SP (1983) Changes in tobacco cell membrane composition and
structurecausedbythefungaltoxin,cercosporin.PlantPhysiology 71:763766.
Daub ME and Chung KR (2009) Photoactivated perylenequinone toxins in plant
pathogenesis.InPlantRelationships(2nd Ed.),TheMycotaVH.Deising(Ed.)Springer
VerlagBerlinHeidelberg.pp.201–219.
Daub ME and Ehrenshaft M (2000) The photoactivated Cercospora toxin cercosporin:
Contributions to plant disease and fundamental biology. Annual Review of
Phytopathology 38:461–490.
deTorresZabalaM,BennettMH,TrumanWHandGrantMR(2009)Antagonismbetween
salicylic and abscisic acid reflects early hostpathogen conflict and moulds plant
defenceresponses.ThePlantJournal 59:375–386.
240
deWitPJGM(1992)Molecularcharacterizationofgeneforgenesystemsinplantfungus
interactions and the application of avirulence genes in control of plant pathogens.
AnnualReviewofPhytopathology 30:391418.
Deacon J (2006) Fungal metabolism and fungal products. In: Fungal Biology (4th ed.)
BlackwellPublishing,pp.134.
DehingiaBandDuttaBK(2012)Acasestudyontheeffectsofpesticidesonsoilmicrobial
enzymes: alkaline phosphatase and nitrate reductase. Journal of Frontline Research
02:128133.
Dekkers LA, You BJ, Gowda VS, Liao HL, Lee MH, Bau HJ et al. (2007) The Cercospora
nicotianae gene encoding dual Omethyl transferase and FAD dependent
monooxygenase domains mediates cercosporin toxin biosynthesis. Fungal Genetics
andBiology 44:444– 454.
DelgadoM,BigeriegoM,WalterIandCalboR(1995)UseofCaliforniaredworminsewage
sludgetransformation.Turrialba 45:33–41.
DengS,PopovaIE,DickLandDickR(2013)BenchScaleandmicroplateformatassayof
soil enzyme activities using spectroscopic and fluorometric approaches.AppliedSoil
Ecology64:8490.
Dereeper A, Guignon V, Blanc G, Audic S, Buffet S, Chevenet F,Dufayard JF, Guindon S,
Lefort V, Lescot M, Claverie JM and Gascuel O (2008) Phylogeny.fr: robust
phylogeneticanalysisforthenonspecialist.NucleicAcidsRes 36:W465469.
DeWitt D and Bosland PW (1996) Peppers of the World: An Identification Guide. Ten
SpeedPress,Berkeley,California,p.11.
241
on20March2010.
Domínguez J(2004)Stateof theartandnewpropectivesonvermicompostingresearch.
In:Edwards,C.A. (Ed.),EarthwormEcology, (2nd ed.)CRCPress,BocaRaton,FL.pp
401424.
DoubkovaP,SudaJandSudovaR(2012)Thesymbiosiswitharbuscularmycorrhizalfungi
contributes to plant tolerance to serpentine edaphic stress. Soil Biology &
Biochemistry 44:5664.
DubeyLN,DasKKandHazarikaDK(1995)Effectivenessofsomefungicidestocontrolleaf
spotandrustdiseasesofgroundnut. IndianJournalofMycologyandPlantPathology
25:329–330.
DurrantWE, Rowland O, Piedras P, HammondKosack KE and Jones JDG (2000) cDNA
AFLPrevealsastrikingoverlapinracespecificresistanceandwoundresponsegene
expressionprofiles.The PlantCell 12:963–977.
Edgar RC (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high
throughput.NucleicAcidsResearch 32:17921797.
EdwardsCA (2004)EarthwormEcology (Ed.), LewisPublishers/CRCPress,BocaRaton,
FL.
Edwards CA, Arancon NQ and Greytak S (2006) Effects of vermicompost teas on plant
cycle.May2006.Available
242
EhrenshaftMandUpchurchRG(1993)Hostprotein(s)inducesaccumulationofthetoxin
cercosporin and mRNA in a phytopathogenic strain of Cercospora kikuchii.
PhysiologicalandMolecularPlantPathology 79:157–164.
ElMasry MH, Khalil AI, Hassouna MS and Ibrahim HAH (2002) In situ and in vitro
suppressive effect of agricultural composts and their water extracts on some
phytopathogenicfungi.WorldJournalofMicrobiologyandBiotechnology 18:551–558.
Elmer WH and Ferrandino FJ (2009) Suppression of Verticillium Wilt of Eggplant by
inducedbiocontrolagainst
Mycorrhiza 18:251256.
Elser JJ,AcharyaK,KyleM,CotnerJ,MakinoW,MarkowT,WattsT,HobbieS,FaganW,
Schade J, Hood J and Sterner RW (2003) Growth ratestoichiometry couplings in
diversebiota.EcologyLetters 6:936943.
ElserJJ,BrackenMES,ClelandEE,GrunerDS,HarpoleWSetal.(2007)Globalanalysisof
nitrogenandphosphoruslimitationofprimaryproducers infreshwater,marineand
terrestrialecosystems.EcologyLetters 10:11351142.
ElserJJ,SternerRW,GorokhovaE,FaganWF,MarkowTA,CotnerJB,HarrisonJ,HobbieSE,
OdellGMandWeiderLJ (2000)Biological stoichiometry fromgenes toecosystems.
EcologyLetters 3:540550.
EnikuomehinOA(2005)Cercospora leaf spotdiseasemanagement insesame (Sesamum
indicum L.)withplantextracts.JournalofTropicalAgriculture 43:19–23.
Farris JS,KallersjoM,KlugeAG andBult C (1994) Testing significance of incongruence.
Cladistics 10:315320.
243
Felsenstein J (1985)Confidencelimitsonphylogeniesdanapproachusing thebootstrap.
Evolution 39:783791.
FernándezGómezMJ,NogalesR,InsamH,RomeroEandGobernaM(2010)Continuous
feedingvermicompostingasarecyclingmanagementmethodtorevaluetomatofruit
wastesfromgreenhousecrops.WasteManagement 30:2461–2468.
FlorsV,TonJ,JakabGandMauchManiB(2005)Abscisicacidandcallose:Teamplayersin
defenceagainstpathogens?JournalofPhytopathology 153:377–383.
FlorsV,TonJ,vanDoornR,JakabG,GarcíaAgustínPandMauchManiB(2008)Interplay
between JA, SA and ABA signalling during basal and induced resistance against
PseudomonassyringaeandAlternariabrassicicola.ThePlantJournal 54:81–92.
ForeSA,DaubMEandBeuteMK(1988)Phytotoxicsubstancesproducedbysomeisolates
ofCercosporaarachidicola arenotcercosporin.Phytopathology 78:1082–1086.
FreseniusJBGW(1863)BeitrMykol 3:91.
Fung RWM,WangCY, SmithDL, Gross KC and TianM (2004)MeSA andMeJA increase
steadystate transcript levels of alternative oxidase and resistance against chilling
injuryinsweetpeppers(Capsicumannuum L.).PlantScience 166:711719.
Gado EAM (2007)Management of cercospora leaf spot disease of sugar beet plants by
somefungicidesandplantextracts.EgyptianJournalofPhytopathology 35:110.
Gajalakshmi S, Ramasamy EV and Abbasi SA (2001) Potential of two epigeic and two
anecicearthworminvermicompostingofwaterhyacinth.BioresourceTechnology 76:
177–181.
Garcia M, Cruz SIF, Saavedra AL and Hernandez MS (2002) Extraction of auxinlike
substancesfromcompost.CropResearchandResearchonCrops 24:323327.
244
GarcíaGarrido JM and Ocampo JA (2002) Regulation of the plant defence response in
arbuscularmycorrhizalsymbiosis.JournalofExperimentalBotany 53:1377–1386.
Gerdemann JW, Nicolson TH (1963) Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted
fromsoilbywetsievinganddecanting.TransactionsoftheBritishMycologicalSociety
46:235244.
Ghose,T.K.1987.MeasurementofCellulaseactivities.Pure&AppliedChemistry 59:257—
268.
Gianinazzi S, GianinazziPearson V and Dexheimer J (1979) Enzymatic studies on the
metabolismofvesiculararbuscularmycorrhiza.3.Ultrastructurallocationofacidand
alkaline phosphatase activity in onion roots infected by Glomus mosseae (Nicol. &
Gerd.).NewPhytologist 82:127132.
Gibbons RW (1980) The ICRISAT groundnut programme. In. Proceedings of the
internationalWorkshoponGroundnuts,13–17October1980,Patancheru,A.P.,India.
pp.1216.
GiovanettiMandMosseB (1980)Anevaluationof techniques formeasuringvesicular–
arbuscularmycorrhizalinfectioninroots.NewPyhtologist 84:489500.
Glazebrook J (2005) Contrasting mechanisms of defense against biotrophic and
necrotrophicpathogens.AnnualReviewofPhytopathology43:205227.
GogoiD, NathDJandBorahDK(2013)Augmentationof the fertilizervaluesofcompost
throughbeneficialmicrobesamid rockphosphateamendmentsduringcuringstage.
IndianJournalofAgriculturalResearch 47:304310.
Gogoi M and Borah D (2013) Baseline Data on Area, Production and Productivity of
Horticulture Crops inNorth East and Himalayan States A Study in Assam. Agro
245
EconomicResearchCentreforNorthEastIndia.AssamAgriculturalUniversity,Jorhat,
Assam.
GroenewaldJZ,GroenewaldM,BraunUandCrousPW(2010)Cercospora speciationand
host range. In: Lartey, R.T., et al. (Eds.), Cercospora Leaf Spot of Sugar Beet and
RelatedSpecies.APSPress,St.Paul,USA,pp.2137.
Groenewald JZ, Nakashima C, Nishikawa J, Shin HD, Park JH, Jama AN, Groenewald M,
BraunU,CrousPW(2012)SpeciesconceptsinCercospora:spottingtheweedsamong
theroses.StudiesinMycology 75,115–170.
GuindonSandGascuelO(2003)Asimple, fast,andaccuratealgorithmtoestimate large
phylogeniesbymaximumlikelihood.SystemicBiology 52:696704.
Gunadi B, Blount C andEdwards CA (2002) The growth and fecundity ofEisenia fedita
(Savigny)incattlesolidsprecompostedfordifferentperiods.Pedobiologia 46:15–23.
Guo W, Zhao R, Zhao W, Fu R, Guo J, Bi N and Zhang J (2013) Effects of arbuscular
mycorrhizalfungionmaize(Zeamays L.)andsorghum(Sorghumbicolor L.Moench)
growninrareearthelementsofminetailings.AppliedSoilEcology 72:8592.
GuoxueL,ZhangF,SunY,WongJWCandFangM(2001)Chemicalevaluationofsewage
composting as mature indicator for composting process. Water Air Soil Sludge
Pollution 132:333–345.
Guzman I, Hamby S, Romero J, Bosland PW and O’Connell MA (2010) Variability of
carotenoidbiosynthesisinorangecolored Capsicum spp.PlantScience 179:4959.
HaimiJandHuhtaV(1987)Comparisonofcompostsproducedfromidenticalwastesby
vermistabilizationandconventionalcomposting.Pedobiologia 30:137–144.
HallTA(1999)BioEdit:auserfriendlybiologicalsequencealignmenteditorandanalysis
programforWindows95/98/NT.NucleicAcidsSymposiumSeries 41:9598.
246
Hanway JJ andHeidelH (1952) Soil analysismethods asused in Iowa state college soil
testinglaboratory.IowaAgri 57:1–31.
HarrisonMJandDixonRA(1994)Spatialpatternsofexpressionofflavonoid/isoflavonoid
pathway genes during interactions between roots ofMedicago truncatula and the
mycorrhizalfungusGlomusversiforme.ThePlantJournal 6:920.
Hause B, MaierW, Miersch O, Kramell R and Strack D (2002) Induction of jasmonate
biosynthesis in arbuscular mycorrhizal barley roots. Plant Physiology 130: 1213–
1220.
Hause B, MaierW, Miersch O, Kramell R and Strack D (2002) Induction of jasmonate
biosynthesis in arbuscular mycorrhizal barley roots. Plant Physiology 130: 1213–
1220.
HaytovaD(2013)Reviewoffoliarfertilizationofsomevegetablescrops.AnnualReview&
ResearchinBiology 3:455465.
HazraPandBanerjeeMK(2005)Vegetablecrops inIndia.Kalyanipublishers,Ludhiana,
Punjab,India.
HealdFDandWolfFA(1911)NewspeciesofTexasfungi.Mycologia 3:522.
HeiserCBJr.andSmithPG(1953)ThecultivatedCapsicumpeppers.EconomicBotany7:
214–226
Helgason T, Fitter AH and Young JPW (1999) Molecular diversity of arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi colonising Hyacinthoides nonscripta (bluebell) in a seminatural
woodland.MolecularEcology 8:659–666.
HennebertGLandSuttonBC(1994)Unitaryparametersin conidiogenesis.In:Ascomycete
systematics,problemsandperspective in thenineties (Ed.D.L.Hawksworth),NATO
ASISeries296,NewYork,USA.pp.65–76.
247
42:462468.
for expression leveldependent modulation of carbohydrate status and viral
resistancebythepotatoleafrollvirusmovementproteinintransgenictobaccoplants.
ThePlantJournal 28:529–543.
Hohnjec N, Vieweg MF, Puhler A, Becker A and Kuster H (2005) Overlaps in the
transcriptional profiles ofMedicago truncatula roots inoculated with two different
Glomus fungiprovide insights into the geneticprogramactivatedduringarbuscular
mycorrhiza.PlantPhysiology 137:1283–1301.
Hoitink HAJ and Grebus ME (1994) Status of biological control of plant diseases with
composts.CompostScience&Utilization 2:6–12.
HoitinkHAJ,BoehmMJandHadarY(1993)Mechanismsofsuppressionofsoilborneplant
pathogens in compostamended substrates. In: Hoitink, H.A.J., Keener, H.M. (Eds.),
ScienceandEngineeringofComposting.RenaissancePublications,Worthington,OH,
pp.600–621.
Hoitink HAJ, Stone AG and Han DY (1997) Suppression of plant diseases by composts.
HortScience 32:184–187.
HollowayPJ(1993)Structureandchemistryofplantcuticles. Journalof PesticideScience
37:203232.
Huh SU Choi LM, Lee GJ, Young JK and Paek KH (2012) Capsicum annuum WRKY
transcription factor d (CaWRKYd) regulates hypersensitive response and defense
responseuponTobaccomosaicvirusinfection.PlantScience 197: 50– 58.
248
HyunY,ChoiS,HwangHJ,YuJ,NamSJ,KoJ,ParkJY,SeoYS,KimEY,RyuSB,KimWT,Lee
YH,KangHandLeeI(2008)Cooperationandfunctionaldiversificationoftwoclosely
relatedgalactolipase genes for Jasmonatebiosynthesis.Developmental Cell 14: 183
192.
Ingham ER (1991) Interactions among mycorrhizal fungi, rhizosphere organisms, and
plants. p. 169–197. In: Barbosa P, Krischik VA and Jones CG (eds.). Microbial Me
diationofPlantHerbivoreInteractions.JohnWileyandSons,Inc.pp.169197.
Isaac S and Gokhale AV (1982) Autolysis: A tool for protoplast production Aspergillus
nidulans.TransactionsoftheBritishMycologicalSociety78:389394.
Ishiguro S, kawaiOda A, Ueda J, Nishida I and Okada K. 2001. The defective in anther
dehiscience gene encodes a novel phospholipase A1 catalyzing the initial step of
jasmonicacidbiosynthesis,whichsynchronizespollenmaturation,antherdehiscence,
andfloweropeninginArabidopsis.ThePlantCell 13:21912209.
Ismail SA (1997) Vermicology: The biology of earthworms. Chennai, India: Orient
Longman.
Ismail Y andHijriM (2012) Arbuscularmycorrhisationwith Glomus irregulare induces
expression of potato PR homologues genes in response to infection by Fusarium
sambucinum.FunctionalPlantBiology 39:236245.
JacksonML(1973)Soilchemicalanalysis.NewDelhi:PrenticeHallofIndiaLtd.
Jadia CD and Fulekar MH (2008) Vermicomposting of vegetable waste: a bio
physicochemical process based on hydrooperating bioreactor. African Journal of
Biotechnology 7:3723–3730.
JennsAE,DaubMEandUpchurchRG (1989)Regulationof cercosporin accumulation in
culturebymediumandtemperaturemanipulation.Phytopathology 79:213–219.
249
Jeyasankar A and Jesudasan RWA (2005) Insecticidal properties of novel botanicals
againstafewlepidopteranpests.Pestology 29:42–44.
Johnson NC (2010) Resource stoichiometry elucidates the structure and function of
arbuscularmycorrhizasacrossscales.NewPhytologist 185:631647.
Kale RD, Bano K, and Krishnamoorthy RV (1982) Potential of Perionyx excavatus for
utilizingorganicwastes.Pedobiologia23:419–425.
KaleRD,MalleshBC,KubraB,BagyarajDJ(1992)Influenceofvermicompostapplication
ontheavailablemacronutrientsandselectedmicrobialpopulationsinapaddyfield.
SoilBiology&Biochemistry 24:1317–1320.
Kannangara T, Utkhede R, Paul JW and Punja ZK (2000) Effects of mesophilic and
thermophiliccompostsonsuppressionofFusariumrootandstemrotofgreenhouse
cucumber.CanadianJournalofMicrobiology 46:1021–1028.
KapoorR(2008)InducedResistanceinMycorrhizalTomatoiscorrelatedtoconcentration
ofJasmonicAcid. OnLineJournal ofBiologicalSciences 8:4956.
KaraoglandisGS, IoannidisPMandThanassoulopoulosCC (2000)Reducedsensitivityof
Cercospora beticola isolates to steroldemythylationinhibiting fungicides. Plant
Pathology 49:567–572.
Karvy (2008) Seasonal outlook on chili. Karvy Special Reports, Karvy Comtrade.
Annual
–912.
KaushikPandGargVK.Vermicompostingofmixedsolidtextilemillsludgeandcowdung
withtheepigeicearthwormEiseniafoetida. BioresourceTechnology 90:311–316.
250
Kaviraj and Sharma S (2003) Municipal solid waste management through
vermicomposting employing exotic and local species of earthworms. Bioresource
Technology 90:169–173.
KavroulakisN,EhaliotisC,NtougiasS, ZervakisGI andPapadopouKK (2005)Local and
systemic resistance against fungal pathogens of tomato plants elicited by compost
derived from agricultural residues.Physiological andMolecular Plant Pathology 66:
163–174.
KhanMFRandSmithLJ(2005)Evaluatingfungicidesforcontrollingcercosporaleafspot
onsugarbeet.CropProtection 24:79–86.
KhanMH,MeghvansiMK,PanwarV,GogoiHKandSinghL(2010)Arbuscularmycorrhizal
fungiinducedsignallinginplantdefenceagainstphytopathogens.Journalofphytology
2:5369.
Kim DS and Hwang BK (2011) The pepper receptorlike cytoplasmic protein kinase
CaPIK1 is involved in plant signaling of defense and celldeath responses. The The
PlantJournal 66:642–655.
Kim YC, Kim SY, Paek KH, Choi D, Park JM (2006) Suppression of CaCYP1, a novel
cytochromeP450 gene,compromisesthebasalpathogendefenseresponseofpepper
plantsBiochemicalandBiophysicalResearchCommunications 345:638–645.
King BC, Donnelly MK, Bergstrom GC,Walker LP and Gibson DM (2009) An Optimized
Microplate Assay System for Quantitative Evaluation of Plant Cell Wall Degrading
Enzyme Activity of Fungal Culture Extracts.Biotechnology and Bioengineering 102:
10331044.
KotchoniSO,KuhnsC,DitzerA,KirchHHandBartelsD(2006)Overexpressionofdifferent
aldehyde dehydrogenase genes in Arabidopsis thaliana confers tolerance to abiotic
251
stressandprotectsplantsagainst lipidperoxidationandoxidativestress.Plant,Cell
andEnvironment 29:10331048.
KrauseSM,MaddenLVandHoitinkHAJ (2001)Effectof pottingmixmicrobial carrying
capacity on biological control ofRhizoctonia damping off of radish andRhizoctonia
crownandrootrotofpoinsettia.Phytopathology 91:1116–1123.
Krüger M, Stockinger H, Krüger C and Schüßler A (2009) DNAbased species level
detectionofGlomeromycota:onePCRprimersetforallarbuscularmycorrhizalfungi.
NewPhytologist 183:212–223.
Kuepper G (2003) Foliar fertilization current topic. ATTRA – National sustainable
AgricultureInformationservice.NCATAgriculturespecialist.
KumarM,YadavV,TutejaNandJohriA.K.(2009)Antioxidantenzyme activitiesinmaize
plantscolonizedwithPiriformosporaindica.Microbiology 155:780–790.
KumarR,PandeyMandChandraR (2011)Effectof relativehumidity, temperatureand
ora
1635–1645.
Kuyama S and Tamura T (1957a) Cercosporin. A pigment of Cercospora kikuchii
Matsumoto et Tomoyasu. I. Cultivation of fungus, isolation and purification of
pigment.JournaloftheAmericanChemicalSociety 79:5725–26.
Kuyama S and Tamura T (1957b) Cercosporin. A pigment of Cercospora kikuchii
MatsumotoetTomoyasu. II.Physicalandchemicalpropertiesofcercosporinandits
derivatives.JournaloftheAmericanChemicalSociety 79:5726–29.
252
Acaciatortilis ssp.raddiana savanna
inapre :184192.
SoilBiology&Biochemistry 4:
1930.
LaosF,MazzarinoMJ,WalterI,RoselliL,SattiPandMoyanoS(2002)Compostingoffish
offalandbiosolidsinnorthwesternPatagonia.BioresourceTechnology 81:179–186.
Larose G, Chenevert MP, Gagne S and Piche VH (2002) Flavonoid levels in roots of
Medicagosativa aremodulatedbythedevelopmentalstageofthesymbiosisandthe
rootcolonizingarbuscularmycorrhizalfungus.JournalofPlantPhysiology 159:1329–
1339.
Lee J, Lee S and Young JPW (2008) Improved PCR primers for the detection and
identification of arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi. FEMSMicrobiology Ecology 65: 339–
349.
Lee SC and Hwang BK (2003) Identification of the pepper SAR8.2 gene as a molecular
marker for pathogen infection, abiotic elicitors and environmental stresses in
Capsicumannuum.PlantaJournal 216:387–396.
LeonReyes A, Spoel SH, De Lange ES, Abe H, Kobayashi M, Tsuda S, Millenaar FF,
WelschenRAM,RitsemaTandPieterseCMJ (2009)EthyleneModulates theRoleof
nonexpressor of pathogenesisrelated genes in Cross Talk between Salicylate and
JasmonateSignaling.PlantPhysiology 149:17971809.
LevanonDandPludaD(2002)Chemical,physicalandbiologicalcriteria formaturity in
compostsfororganicfarming.CompostScience&Utilization 10:339–346.
253
Levine A, Tenhaken R, Dixon R and Lamb CJ (1994) H202 from the oxidative burst
orchestratestheplanthypersensitivediseaseresistanceresponse.Cell 79:583593.
LibradoP andRozas J (2009)DnaSPv5:a software for comprehensive analysis ofDNA
polymorphismdata.Bioinformatics 25:14511452.
Lichtenthaler HK, Wellburn AR (1983) Determinations of total carotenoids and
chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochemical Society
Transactions 11:591592.
Liu J, Lu Z, Yang J, Xing M, Yu F and Guo M (2012) Effect of earthworms on the
performance and microbial communities of excess sludge treatment process in
vermifilter.BioresourceTechnology 117:214–221.
LiuJ,MaldonadoMendozaI,Lopez MeyerM,CheungF,TownCDandHarrisonMJ(2007)
Arbuscularmycorrhizalsymbiosisisaccompaniedbylocalandsystemicalterationsin
gene expression and an increase in disease resistance in the shoots. The The Plant
Journal 50:529– 544.
LohTC,LeeYC,LiangJB,andTanD(2005)Vermicompostingofcattleandgoatmanures
by Eisenia foetida and their growth and reproduction performance,” Bioresource
Technology 96:111–114.
LoquetMandVinceslasM(1987)Cellulolyseetligninolyseliéesautubedigestifd’Eisenia
fetida andreiBouché.Revued'EcologieetdeBiologieduSol 24:559–571.
Mackey M, Holt III BF, Wiig A and Dangl JL (2002) RIN4 Interacts with Pseudomonas
syringae TypeIIIEffectorMoleculesandIsRequiredforRPM1MediatedResistancein
Arabidopsis.Cell 108:743–754.
254
MacRaeE(2007)ExtractionofPlantRNA.InHilaro,E.andMackay,J.(eds.).Protocolsfor
nucleic acid analysisbynonradioactiveprobes (2ndedition),Methods inMolecular
Biology,vol.353.pp.1524.
Maji MD, Setua GC and Ghosh A (2013) Evaluation of severity of foliar diseases of
mulberry under organic versus conventional farming systems. The Journal of Plant
ProtectionSciences 5:5558.
Manandhar T and Yami KD (2008) Biological control of foot rot disease of rice using
fermentedproductsofcompostandvermicompost.Scientificworld 6:5257.
MandalP,MisraTK,GhosalM(2009)Freeradicalscavengingactivityandphytochemical
analysis in the leaf and stem of Drymaria diandra Blume. International Journal of
IntegrativeBiology 7:8084.
Manna MC, Jha S, G
Technology 88:197–206.
Martin FN (2003) Development of alternative strategies for management of soilborne
pathogens currently controlled with methyl bromide. Annual Review of
Phytopathology 41:325350.
Martin GB, Brommonschenkel SH, Chunwongse J, Frary A, GanalMW, Spivey R,Wu TY,
Earle ED and Tanksley SD (1993) Mapbased cloning of a proteinkinase gene
conferringdiseaseresistanceintomato.Science 262:1432–1436.
255
MatsubaraYI,TamuraHandHaradaT(1995)Growthenhancementandverticilliumwilt
controlbyvesiculararbuscularmycorrhizalfungusinoculationineggplant.Journalof
JapaneseHorticulturalSociety 64:555561.
MazourekM, PujarM, Borovsky Y, Paran I, Mueller L and JahnMM (2009) A Dynamic
InterfaceforCapsaicinoidSystemsBiology.PlantPhysiology 150:18061821.
MedinaAandAzconR (2010)Effectivenessof theapplicationofarbuscularmycorrhiza
fungiandorganicamendmentstoimprovesoilqualityandplantperformanceunder
stressconditions.JournalofSoilScienceandPlantNutrition 10:354372.
MedinaAVassilevNandAzconR (2010)The interactiveeffectof anAMfungusandan
organicamendmentwithregardtoimprovinginoculumpotentialandthegrowthand
nutritionofTrifoliumrepens inCdcontaminatedsoils.AppliedSoilEcology 44:181
189.
Meghvansi MK and Mahna SK (2009) Evaluating the symbiotic potential of Glomus
intraradices and Bradyrhizobium japonicum in vertisol with two soybean cultivars.
AmericanEurasianJournalofAgronomy 2:2125.
Meghvansi MK, KhanMH and Veer V (2013a) Biology of Cercospora leaf spot disease.
CreateSpace (An Amazon Company), Charleston, SC, USA (ISBN13: 978
1482630619).
MeghvansiMK,KhanMH,GuptaRandVeerV(2013b)Identificationofanewspeciesofa
Cercospora causing leaf spot disease in Capsicum assamicum in northeastern India.
ResearchinMicrobiology 164:894902.
Meghvansi MK, KhanMH, Gupta R, Gogoi HK and Singh L (2012) Vegetative and yield
attributesofokraandnagachilliasaffectedbyfoliarspraysofvermiwashonacidic
soil.JournalofCropImprovement 26:520531.
256
MeghvansiMK,PrasadK,HarwaniDandMahnaSK(2008)Responseofsoybeancultivars
toward inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium
japonicum inthealluvialsoil.EuropeanJournalofSoilBiology 44:316323.
MeghvansiMK,SiddiquiS,KhanMH,GuptaVK,VairaleMG,GogoiHKandSingh L(2010)
Naga chilli: A potential source of capsaicinoids with broadspectrum
ethnopharmacologicalapplications.JournalofEthnopharmacology 132:1–14.
MeixnerC, LudwigMüller J,MierschO,GresshoffP, StaehelinC andVierheiligH (2005)
Lack of mycorrhizal autoregulation and phytohormonal changes in the
supernodulatingsoybeanmutantnts1007.Planta Journal 222:709–715.
MelottoM,UnderwoodW,KoczanJ,NomuraKandHeSY(2006)Plantstomatafunctionin
innateimmunityagainstbacterialinvasion.Cell 126:969–980.
Milleret R, Le Bayon RC and Gobat JM (2009) Root, mycorrhiza and earthworm
interactions: their effects on soil structuring processes, Plant and Soil nutrient
concentrationandplantbiomass.PlantandSoil 316:112.
Min X, Okada K, Brockmann B, Koshiba T and Kamiya Y (2000)Molecular cloning and
expressionpatternsofthreeputativefunctionalaldehydeoxidasegenesandisolation
oftwoaldehydeoxidasepseudogenesintomato.BiochimicaetBiophysicaActa 1493:
337341.
Mohr PG and Cahill DM (2007) Suppression by ABA of salicylic acid and lignin
accumulation and the expression of multiple genes, in Arabidopsis infected with
Pseudomonassyringae pv.tomato.Functional&IntegrativeGenomics 7:181–191.
MontenegroCalderón JG Martínezálvarez JA, VieyraHernández MT, RangelMacías LI,
RazzoSoriaT,ChávezHerreraR,PonceNoyolaP,LealMoralesCA(2011)Molecular
identification of two strains of Cercospora rodmanii isolated from water hyacinth
257
present in Yuriria lagoon, Guanajuato, Mexico and identification of new hosts for
severalotherstrains.FungalBiology 115:1151–1162.
Morandi D (1996) Occurence of phytoalexins and phenolic compounds on
endomycorrhizalinteractions,andtheirpotentialrolein biologicalcontrol.Plantand
Soil 185:241–251.
Morton JB and Benny GL (1990) Revised classification of arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi
(Zygomycetes): a new order, Glomales, two new suborders, Glomineae and
Gigasporineae, and two new families, Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporaceae, with an
emendationofGlomaceae.Mycotaxon 37:471–491.
MurshedR,LopezLauriFandSallanonH(2008)Microplatequantificationofenzymesof
theplantascorbate–glutathionecycle.AnalyticalBiochemistry 383:320–322.
Muthukumar T
Journal of
enrichedcompost
Cucumis melo L.) cultivated
underfertigationsystem.ScientiaHorticulturae 159:3340.
NakasoneAK,BettiolWanddeSouzaRM(1999)Theeffectofwaterextractsoforganic
matteronplantpathogens.SummaPhytopathologica 25:330–335
NannipieriP,KandelerEandRuggieroP(2002)Enzymeactivitiesandmicrobiologicaland
biochemical processes in soil. In: Burns RG, Dick R, editors. Enzymes in the
environment.NewYork:MarcelDekkerpp.133.
258
NathTN (2014)Soil bulkdensity and its impacton soil texture, organicmatter content
and available macronutrients of tea cultivated soil in Dibrugarh district of Assam,
India.InternationalJournalofDevelopmentResearch 4:343346.
NCDEX(2013)PallaviOak.Spicesfundamentalreport.Knowledgemanagementgroup.
NdegwaPM,ThompsonSAandDasKC(2000)Effectsofstockingdensityandfeedingrate
onvermicompostingofbiosolids.BioresourceTechnology 7:15–12.
NelsonN (1994)Aphotometricadaptionof the Somogyimethod for thedegradationof
glucose.JournalofBiologicalChemistry 153:375–380.
Newman EI and Reddel P (1987) The distribution of mycorrhizas among families of
vascularplants.NewPhytol 106:745–751.
Newsham KK, Fitter AH and Watkinson AR (1995) Arbuscular mycorrhiza protect an
annualgrassfromrootpathogenicfungiinthefield.JournalofEcology 83:991–1000.
Nicoli A, Zambolim L, Nasu EGC, Pinho DB, Pereira OL, Cabral PGC and Zambolim EM
(2011)FirstreportofCercosporaapii leafspotonCapsicumchinense inBrazil.Plant
Disease 95:1194.
NoctorG andFoyerCH (1998)Ascorbate andglutathione: keepingactiveoxygenunder
control.Annual ReviewofPlantPhysiologyandPlantMolecularBiology 49:249–279.
Nylander JAA (2008)MrModeltest v2.3. Program distributed by author. Department of
Systematic Zoology, EBC, Uppasala University, Sweden
www.abc.se/wnylander/mrmodeltest2/mrmodeltest2.html(accessed13.01.13.).
OhSK,BaekKH,SeongES,JoungYH,ChoiGJ,ParkJM,ChoHS,KimEA,LeeSandChoiD
(2010) CaMsrB2, Pepper Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase B2, Is a Novel Defense
Regulator againstOxidative Stress andPathogenAttack.PlantPhysiology 154: 245
261.
259
OkaY,KoltaiH,BareyalM,MorM,SharonE,ChetIandSpiegelY(2000)Newstrategies
forthecontrolofplantparasiticnematodes.PestManagementScience 56:983988.
Okubo A Yamazak S and Fuwa K (1975) Biosynthesis of cercosporin. Agricultural and
BiologicalChemistry 39:1173–1175.
PaekKH,ChoiLM,LeeGJandLimJH(2011)CaWRKYd,ahotpeppertranscriptionfactor
gene involved in plant defense and transgenic plants using the same. Patent
applicationnumber:20110321201.
PaivaSARandRussellRM(1999)βcaroteneandothercarotenoidsasantioxidants.The
JournalofAmericanCollegeofNutrition 18:426–433.
ParthasarathiKandRanganathanLS(2000)Agingeffectonenzymeactivitiesinpressmud
vermicastsofLampitomauritii (Kinberg)andEudriluseugeniae (Kinberg).Biologyand
FertilityofSoils 30:347–50.
PattnaikSandReddyMV(2010) NutrientStatusofVermicompostofUrbanGreenWaste
Processed by Three EarthwormSpecies—Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, and
Perionyx excavatus. Applied and Environmental Soil Science
doi:10.1155/2010/967526.
PengS,GarciaF,LazaRandKassmanKG(1992)Leafthicknessaffectstheestimationof
leafNusingachlorophyllmeter.InternationalRiceResearchNewsletter 17:1920.
PerezGarcíaV,IglesiasGimenezFandFernandezFalconMT(1986)Theagronomicvalue
ofthesewagesludgeofTenerife.Physicochemicalcharacteristicsoftherefusesludge
compostandrelatedproducts.BiologicalWastes 17:l4l152.
Perner H, Schwarz D, Bruns C, Mäder P and George E (2007) Effect of arbuscular
mycorrhizal colonization and two levels of compost supply on nutrient uptake and
260
17: 469
474.
induced resistance against Fusarium crown and root rot in tomato. Phytopathology
92:424–438.
Pieterse CMJ, vanWees SCM,HofflandE, van Pelt JA and van Loon LC (1996) Systemic
resistance inArabidopsis induced by biocontrol bacteria is independent of salicylic
acidaccumulationandpathogenesisrelatedgeneexpression.ThePlantCell 8:1225–
1237.
PlenchetteC,Fortin JAandFurlanV(1983)Growthresponseofseveralplantspeciesto
mycorrhizae in a soil ofmoderatePfertility. I.Mycorrhizal dependencyunder field
conditions.PlantandSoil 70:199209.
PollackFG(1987)AnannotatedcompilationofCercospora names.MycologiaMemoir 12:
1–12.
Pons N and Sutton BC (1988) Cercospora and similar fungi on yams (Dioscorea spp.).
MycologicalPapers 160:1–78.
PorrasSoriano A, SorianoMartín ML, PorrasPiedra A and Azcón R (2009) Arbuscular
mycorrhizalfungiincreasedgrowth,nutrientuptakeandtolerancetosalinityinolive
treesundernurseryconditions.JournalofPlantPhysiology 166:13501359.
PozoMJ andAzcónAguilarC (2007)Unravelingmycorrhizainducedresistance.Current
OpinioninPlantBiology 10:393398.
PozoMJ,DumasGaudotEandBareaJM(1999)β1,3glucanaseactivitiesintomatoroots
inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and/or Phytophthora parasitica and
theirpossibleinvolvementinbioprotection.Plant Science 141:149157.
261
PozoMJ,Van LoonLC andPieterseCMJ (2004) Jasmonates — signals in plant–microbe
interactions.JournalofPlantGrowthRegulation 23:211222.
PrasadKandRajakRC(1999)Recentadvancesinmycorrhizaltaxonomy:Morphological
andMolecularCriteria. InRajak,R.C. (ed.).MicrobialBiotechnology for sustainable
developmentandproductivity.Scientificpublishers(India)Jodhpur,Indiapp.6272.
Purkayastha J, Alam SI, Gogoi HK, Singh L (2012) Capsicum assamicum sp. nov.
(Solanaceae),fromAssam,northeasternIndia.OzeanJournalofAppliedSciences 5:55
66.
Ramel F, Sulmon C, Bogard M, Couée I and Gouesbet G (2009) Differential patterns of
reactive oxygen species and antioxidative mechanisms during atrazine injury and
sucroseinducedtoleranceinArabidopsisthaliana plantlets.BMCPlantBiology 9:28.
RanganathanLS(2006)VermicultureandVermicomposting.In:Vermibiotechnology:from
soilhealthtohumanhealth.Agrobios(India).49–71.
RaoBRC(2005)Vermicomposting.IECCELLKUDCEMP,Mysore.
Reissig JL, Strominger JL and Leloir LF (1955) A modified calorimetric method for the
estimationofNacetylaminosugars.JournalofBiologicalChemistry 217:959966.
Ristaino JB and Johnston SA (1999) Ecologically based approaches to management of
Phytophthorablightonbellpepper.PlantDisease 83:10801089.
Rodríguez–Navarro JA, ZavaletaMejia E, SanchezGarcia P and GonzalezRoss H (2000)
Theeffectofvermicompostonplantnutrition,yieldandincidenceofrootandcrown
rotgerbera(Gerberajamesonii H.Bolus).Fitopathologia 35:66–79.
RodriguezUribe L, Guzman I, Rajapakse W, Richins RD and O’Connel MA (2012)
Carotenoid accumulation in orangepigmentedCapsicum annuum fruit, regulated at
multiplelevels.JournalofExperimentalBotany 63:517–526.
262
RonquistF,TeslenkoM,vanderMarkP,AyresDL,DarlingA,HöhnaS.,Larget,B.,Liu,L.,
Suchard, M.A. and Huelsenbeck, J.P. 2012. MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian
phylogeneticinferenceandmodelchoiceacrossalargemodelspace.SystemicBiology
61:539542.
RosendahlS,McGeeP,MortonJB(2009)Lackofglobalpopulationgeneticdifferentiation
in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae suggests a recent range
expansion which may have coincided with the spread of agriculture. Molecular
Ecology 18:4316–4329.
SaccardoPA(1876)FungiVenetinovivelcritici.SeriesV.NuovoGiornaleBotanicoItaliano
8:162–211.
SahniS,SarmaBKandSinghKP(2008)ManagementofSclerotiumrolfsii withintegration
of nonconventional chemicals, vermicompost and Pseudomonas syringae. World
JournalofMicrobiologyandBiotechnology 24:517–522.
SakamotoM, Munemura I, TomitaR andKobayashi K (2008) Involvement of hydrogen
peroxideinleafabscissionsignaling,revealedbyanalysiswithan invitro abscission
systeminCapsicum plants.ThePlantJournal 56:13–27.
Salzer P, CorbiereH and Boller T (1999)Hydrogen peroxide accumulation inMedicago
truncatula roots colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizaforming fungus Glomus
mosseae.PlantaJournal 208:319– 325.
Sandilya SP, Bhuyan PM and Gogoi DK (2013) Seasonal variation of soil biological
propertiesinCastor(Ricinuscommunis L.)cultivatedsoils:Apossibleindextowards
soilfertility.ResearchJournalofAgricultureandForestrySciences 1:17.
263
SchaarschmidtS,Kopka J,LudwigMüller JandHauseB(2007)Regulationofarbuscular
mycorrhizabyapoplasticinvertases:Increasedinvertaseactivityintheleafapoplast
affectsthesymbioticinteraction.ThePlantJournal 51:390–405.
Schenck NC and Perez Y (1990) A Manual for identification of vesicular arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi, INVAM, 3rd Edition. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
286p.
Scheuerell S and Mahaffee W (2002) Compost tea: Principles and prospects for plant
diseasecontrol.CompostScience&Utilization 10:313–338.
ScheuerellSJ,SullivanDMandMahaffeeWF(2005)Suppressionofseedlingdampingoff
causedbyPythiumultimum,P. irregulare, andRhizoctoniasolani incontainermedia
amendedwithadiverserangeofPacificNorthwestcompostsources.Phytopathology
95:306–315.
SchochCL,SeiferKA,HuhndorfS,RobertV,SpougeJL,LevesqueCA,ChenWandFungal
BarcodingConsortium(2012)NuclearRibososmal internal transcribedspacer (ITS)
Proceedings of the National
Planta
Segarra G, Elena G and Trillas I (2013) Systemic resistance against Botrytis cinerea in
Arabidopsis triggered by an olive marc compost substrate requires functional SA
signalling.PhysiologicalandMolecularPlantPathology 82:4650.
264
SegarraG,VanderEntS,TrillasIandPieterseCMJ(2009)MYB72,anodeofconvergence
in induced systemic resistance triggered by a fungal and a bacterial beneficial
microbe.PlantBiology 11:9096.
SenBandChandraTS(2009)Doearthwormsaffectdynamicsoffunctionalresponseand
genetic structure of microbial community in a labscale composting system?
BioresourceTechnology 100:804811.
SensoyS,DemirS,TurkmenO,ErdincCandSavurOB(2007)Responsesofsomedifferent
pepper(Capsicumannuum L.)genotypestoinoculationwithtwodifferentarbuscular
mycorrhizalfungi.ScientiaHorticulturae 113:9295.
SerraWhittling C, Houot S and Alabouvette C (1996) Increased soil suppressiveness to
Fusariumwiltof flaxafteradditionofmunicipalsolidwastecompost.SoilBiology&
Biochemistry 28:1207–1214.
ShaneWWandTengPS(1992)Impactofcercosporaleafspotonrootweight,sugaryield
andpurityofBeta vulgaris.PlantDisease 76:812–820.
SharmaBBandJhaDK(2012)Arbuscularmycorrhizaanddarkseptatefungalassociations
in medicinal and aromatic plants of Guwahati. Journal of Microbiology and
BiotechnologyResearch 2:212222.
Sharma SK (1998) Efficacy of different fungi toxicants against frogeye leaf spot of bell
pepper.PlantDiseaseResearch 13:6263.
ShaulO,GaliliS,VolpinH,Ginzberg I,EladY,Chet IandKapulnikY(1999)Mycorrhiza
InducedChanges inDiseaseSeverity andPRProteinExpression inTobaccoLeaves.
MolecularPlantMicrobeInteraction 12:1000–1007.
ShawFJFandKhanSARK(1928)StudiesinIndianchillies.ThetypesofCapsicum.Memoirs
ofDepartmentofAgricultureofIndia,BotanicalSeries 16:5982.
265
ShinR,An JM,ParkCJ,KimYJ, JooS,KimWTandPaekKH (2004)Capsicumannuum
Tobacco Mosaic VirusInduced Clone 1 Expression Perturbation Alters the Plant’s
Response to Ethylene and Interferes with the Redox Homeostasis. Plant Physiology
135:561–573.
ShoreshM,Yedidia IandChet I (2005) Involvementof jasmonicacid/ethylenesignaling
pathwayinthesystemicresistanceinducedincucumberbyTrichodermaasperellum
T203.Phytopathology 95:76–84.
SiddiquiY,IslamTM,YuvaraniNandSariahM(2011)Theconjunctiveuseofcomposttea
andinorganicfertiliseronthegrowth,yieldandterpenoidcontentofCentellaasiatica
(L.)urban.ScientiaHorticulturae 130:289295.
SiddiquiY,MeonS,IsmailMRandAliA(2008)Trichodermafortifiedcompostextractsfor
thecontrolofchoanephorawetrotinokraproduction.CropProtection 27:385–390.
Simsek Ersahin Y, Haktanir K and Yanar Y (2009) Vermicompost suppress Rhizoctonia
solaniKühninCucumberseedlings.JournalofPlantDiseasesandProtection 116:182–
188.
SimsekErsahinY(2011)Theuseofvermicompostproductstocontrolplantdiseaseand
pests.A.Karaca(ed.),BiologyofEarthworms,SoilBiology24,SpringerVerlagBerlin.
pp191213.
SinghRS(1998)Plantdiseases.7thedition.Oxford&IBHCo.Pvt.Ltd.NewDelhi,India.
SinghUP,MauryaSandSinghDP(2003)Antifungalactivityandinducedresistanceinpea
byaqueousextractofvermicompostand forcontrolofpowderymildewofpeaand
balsam.JournalofPlantDiseasesandProtection 110:544–553
SinsabaughRL,ReynoldsHandLongTM(2000)Rapidassayforamidohydrolase(urease)
activityinenvironmentalsamples.SoilBiology&Biochemistry 32:20952097.
266
SmithSEandReadDJ(2008)MycorrhizalSymbiosis(Academic,London).
Solheim WG (1929) Morphological studies of the genus Cercospora. Illinois Biological
MonographsVol12(1):1–
June2014.
produced by Cercospora beticola in leaves of
–26.
J,editors.Linkingspeciesandecosystem.NewYork:ChapmanandHall.pp240252.
StockingerH,KrügerMandSchüßlerA(2010)DNAbarcodingofarbuscularmycorrhizal
fungi.NewPhytologist 187:461–474.
StumpeM,CarsjensJG,StenzelI,GobelCL,PawlowskiIK,HauseBandFeussnerI(2005)
Lipid metabolism in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots of Medicago truncatula.
Phytochemistry 66:781–791.
Subrahmanyam P, Mehan VK, Nevill DJ and McDonald D (1986) Research on fungal
diseasesof groundnut at ICRISAT. In: Proceedingsof the internationalworkshop on
groundnuts,13–17October1980,Patancheru,AP.,India.pp.193–198.
Suthar S (2006) Potential utilization of guar gum industrial waste in vermicompost
production.BioresourceTechnology 97:2474–2477.
Suthar S (2007) Nutrient changes and biodynamics of epigeic earthworm Perionyx
excavatus (Perrier) during recycling of some agriculture wastes. Bioresource
Technology98:1608–1614.
267
Suthar S (2009) Vermicomposting of vegetablemarket solid waste using Eisenia fetida:
Impactofbulkingmaterialonearthwormgrowthanddecompositionrate.Ecological
Engineering 35:914–920.
Suthar S and Singh S (2008) Vermicomposting of domestic waste by using two epigeic
earthworms(Perionyxexcavatus andPerionyxsansibaricus),”InternationalJournalof
EnvironmentScienceandTechnology 5:99–106.
SwamyKM,NaikMK,AmareshYSandRajendraBN(2012)Surveyanddateofplantingon
cercospora leaf spot of chilli under irrigated conditions. Annals of Plant Protection
Sciences 20:249–250.
Swiderski MR and Innes RW (2001) The Arabidopsis PBS1 resistance gene encodes a
memberofanovelproteinkinasesubfamily.ThePlantJournal 26:101–112.
SwoffordDL(2003)PAUP*.PhylogeneticAnalysisUsingParsimony(*andOtherMethods).
Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland http://paup.csit.fsu.edu/ (accessed
13.01.13.).
Szczech M and Smolinska U (2001) Comparison of suppressiveness of vermicomposts
produced from animal manures and sewage sludge against Phytophthoranicotianae
BredadeHaanvar.nicotianae.JournalofPhytopathology 149:7782.
Tabin T, Arunachalam A, Shrivastava K and Arunachalam K (2009) Effect of arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi on dampingoff disease in Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. Seedlings.
TropicalEcology 50:243248.
TaizLandZeigerE(2003)SecondarymetabolitesandPlantDefense:InPlantphysiology
(3rd ed.)pp291293.
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M and Kumar S (2011) MEGA5:
molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary
268
distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28:
27312739.
Tandon LN, Singh BB (1968) Chemical control of leaf spots of groundnut. Indian
Phytopathology 21:281–288.
Tarkalson DD et al. (1998) Mycorrhizal colonization and nutrient uptake of dry bean in
manure and compost manure treated subsoil and untreated topsoil and subsoil.
JournalofPlantNutrition 21:1867–1878.
TchameniSN,NgonkeuMEL,BegoudeBAD,WakamNL,FokomR,OwonaAD,etal.(2011)
Effect ofTrichodermaasperellum and arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi oncacao growth
andresistanceagainstblackpoddisease.CropProtection 30:1321–7.
Tecsi LI, Smith AM, Maule AJ and Leegood RC (1996) A spatial analysis of physiological
changes associated with infection of cotyledons of marrow plants with cucumber
mosaicvirus.PlantPhysiology 111:975–985.
TerrasFRGetal.(1995)SmallCysteineRichAntifungalProteinsfromRadish:TheirRole
inHostDefense.ThePlantCell 7:573588.
Thaler JS, Owen B and Higgins VJ (2004) The role of the jasmonate response in plant
susceptibility to diverse pathogens with a range of lifestyles. Plant Physiology 135:
530538.
Thalman A (1968) Zur Methodikder Bestimmungder Dehydrogenaseaktivität im Boden
mittelsTriphenyltetrazoliumchlorid(TTC).LandwirtschForsch 21:249258.
Thomas JMG, Boote KJ, Allen LH, GalloMeagher M and Davis JM (2003)Seed physiology
and metabolism: Elevated temperature and carbon dioxide effects on soybean seed
compositionandtranscriptabundance.CropScience 43:15481557.
269
TiedemannAV(1997)Evidenceforaprimaryroleofactiveoxygenspeciesininductionof
hostcelldeathduringinfectionofbeanleaveswithBotrytiscinerea.Physiologicaland
MolecularPlantPathology 50:151–166.
Timonen S and Marschner P (2005) Mycorrhizosphere concept. In: Mukerji KG
Manoharachary C and Singh J (Eds.) Microbial Activity in the Rhizosphere. Springer
Verlag.pp.111.
ToAnunC,HidayatIandMeeboonJ(2011)GenusCercospora inThailand:taxonomyand
phylogeny(withadichotomouskey tospecies).PlantPathology&Quarantine 1:11
87.
Tognetti C, Laos F, Mazzarino MJ and Hernandez MT (2005) Composting vs.
vermicomposting:acomparisonofendproductquality.CompostScience&Utilization
13:6–13.
Ton J, Van Pelt JA, Van Loon LC and Pieterse CMJ (2002) Differential effectiveness of
salicylatedependent and jasmonate/ethylenedependent induced resistance in
Arabidopsis.MolecularPlantMicrobeInteraction 15:2734.
TripathiGandBhardwajP(2004)Comparativestudiesonbiomassproduction,lifecycles
andcompostingefficiencyofEiseniafetida (Savigny)andLampitomauritii (Kinberg).
BioresourceTechnology 92:275–283.
UeedaM,KubotaMandNishiK(2006)Contributionofjasmonicacidtoresistanceagainst
Phytophthora blight in Capsicum annuum cv. SCM334. Physiological and Molecular
PlantPathology 67:149–154.
UrbášekF(1990)Cellulaseactivityinthegutofsomeearthworms.Revued'Ecologieetde
BiologieduSol 27:21–28.
ValenzenoDPandPoolerJP(1987)Photodynamicaction.BioScience 37:270275.
270
Vallad GE and Goodman RM (2004) Systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic
resistanceinconventionalagriculture.CropScience 44:1920–1934.
VanderEntS,VerhagenBWM,VanDoornR,BakkerD,VerlaanMG,PelMJC,JoostenRG,
Proveniers MCG,Van Loon LC, TonJ and PieterseCMJ (2008) MYB72is requiredin
early signaling steps of rhizobacteriainduced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis.
PlantPhysiology 146:12931304.
van der Heijden MGA (2002) Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as a determinant of plant
diversity: in search of underlying mechanisms and general principles. In: Van der
Heijden MGA and Sanders I (eds.). Mycorrhizal Ecology, SpringerVerlag. Berlin
Heidelberg.pp.243265.
Van Loon LC, Rep M and Pieterse CMJ (2006) Significance of inducible defence related
proteinsininfectedplants.AnnualReviewsofPhytopathology 44:135162.
vanTuinenD,ZhaoBandGianinazziPearsonV(1998)PCRinstudiesofAMfungi:from
primerstoapplication.Mycorrhizamanual.Berlin,Heidelberg,Germany:Springer,pp
387–400.
Velikova V, Yordanov I and Edreva A (2000) Oxidative stress and some antioxidant
systems in acid raintreated bean plants. Protective role of exogenous polyamines.
PlantScience 151:59–66.
Vidyasekaran P (1981) Control of rust and Tikka diseases of groundnut. Indian
Phytopathology 34:20–23.
VierheiligHandYPiché(2002)Signallinginarbuscularmycorrhiza:factsandhypothesis.
In: Buslig B and Manthey J (eds.), Flavonoids in Cell Function. Kluwer Academic
Publishers/PlenumPress,NewYork,pp.23–39.
271
Von Lintig Jand Vogt K (2004) Vitamin A formationin animals:molecular identification
and functional characterization of carotenoid cleaving enzymes. Journal ofNutrition
134:251S–256S.
Vrede T, Dobberfuhl DR, Kooijman S and Elser JJ (2004) Functional connections among
organismC:N:Pstoichiometry,macromolecularcompositionandgrowth.Ecology 85:
12171229.
Wachira PM, Kimenju JW, Okoth SA and Mibey RK (2009) Stimulation of nematode
destroying fungi by organic amendments applied in management of plant parasitic
nematode.AsianJournalofPlantScience 8:153159.
Walkley AJ and Black IA (1934) Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chromic acid
titrationmethod.SoilScience 37:29–38.
WangJE,LiDW,ZhangYL,ZhaoQ,MeYMandGongZH(2013)Defenceresponsesof
pepper (Capsicumannuum L.) infected with incompatible and compatible strains of
Phytophthoracapsici.EuropeanJournalofPlantPathology 136:625638.
Ward E, Uknes SJ, Williams SC, Dincher SS, Wiederhold DL, Alexander DC, AhlGoy P,
Métraux JP and Ryals J (1991) Coordinate gene activity in response to agents that
inducesystemicacquiredresistance.ThePlantCell 3:10851094.
WardJMJ,LaingMDandCairnsALP(1997)Managementpracticestoreducegreyleafspot
ofmaize.CropScience 37:1257–1262.
Wehner J, Antunes PM, Powell JR, Mazukatow J and Rillg, MC (2010) Plant pathogen
protection by arbuscular mycorrhizas: A role of fungal diversity? Pedobiologia 53:
197201.
Weiland J and Koch G (2004) Sugarbeet leaf spot disease (Cercospora beticola Sacc.).
MolecularPlantPathology 5:157–166.
272
Weltzien HC (1992) Biocontrol of foliar plant fungal diseases with compost extracts, In:
MicrobialEcologyofLeaves,HiranoSS(ed.),Springer,NewYork,pp.431–449.
WiJS,JiNRandParkKY(2012)SynergisticBiosynthesisofBiphasicEthyleneandReactive
Oxygen Species in Response to Hemibiotrophic Phytophthora parasitica in Tobacco
Plants.PlantPhysiology 159:251265.
Wu CG (1993) Glomales of Taiwan. IV. A monograph of Sclerocystis (Glomaceae).
Mycotaxon49:327349.
YamazakiS,OkubeA,AkiyamaYandFuwaK(1975)Cercosporin,anovelphotodynamic
pigment isolated fromCercospora kikuchii.Agriculture and Biological Chemistry 39:
287–88.
Yami KD and Shrestha A (2005) Selective utilization of organic substrates during
vermicompostingandthestudyofmicroflora.NepalJournalofBiotechnology2:23–26.
Yedidia I, Benhamou N,KapulnikY and Chet I (2000) Induction and accumulation of PR
proteins activity during early stages of root colonization by the mycoparasite
Trichodermaharzianum strainT203.PlantPhysiologyandBiochemistry 30:863–873.
YogevA,RavivM,HaderY,CohenR,WolfS,GilLandKatanJ(2010)Inducedresistanceas
putativecomponentofcompostsuppressiveness.BiologicalControl 54:4651.
Zaller JG (2006) Foliar spraying of vermicompost extracts: Effects on fruit quality and
indications of lateblightsuppression of fieldgrown tomatoes.BiologicalAgriculture
andHorticulture 24:165180.
Zhang H and Schrader S (1993) Earthworm effects on selected physical and chemical
propertiesofsoilaggregates.BiologyandFertilityofSoils 15:229–234.
ZhangW,DickWAandHoitinkHAJ(1996)Compostinducedsystemicacquiredresistance
incucumbertoPythiumrootrotandanthracnose.Phytopathology 86:1066–1070.
273
ZhangW,HanDY,DickWA,DavisKRandHoitinkHAJ(1998)Compostandcompostwater
extractinduced systemic acquired resistance in cucumber and Arabidopsis.
Phytopathology 88:450–455.
Zhou JM, Loh YT, Bressan RA and Martin GB (1995) The tomato gene Pti1 encodes a
serine/threonine kinase that is phosphorylated by Pto and is involved in the
hypersensitiveresponse.Cell 83:925–935.
**************