Chapter TwoChapter Two第二章第二章

后元音后元音Back Vowels: Back Vowels: /ɑ: / / / / : / / u / / u: /ɔ ɔ/ɑ: / / / / : / / u / / u: /ɔ ɔ

Time: 2 periodsTime: 2 periods

Chapter TwoChapter Two第二章第二章

后元音后元音Back Vowels: Back Vowels: /ɑ: / / / / : / / u / / u: /ɔ ɔ/ɑ: / / / / : / / u / / u: /ɔ ɔ

Time: 2 periodsTime: 2 periods

Chapter two The first period 第二章　　　　第一学时

后元音 Back vowels: /ɑ: / / ɔ / / ɔ: /

Warming-up Exercise

Please read the following phrases in falling tone and rising tone, pay attention to the words containing /ɑ:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /u/ & /u:/ sounds.

Warming-up Exercise/ɑ:/ a fast car / a large shark / a starved artist/ɔ/ socks and stockings / borrow a novel / clocks and watches/ɔ:/ more and more / on the fourth floor / a short story/u/ look for the cook / woolen socks / stood in the foot/u:/ a new rule / useful tools / stoop by a cool pool

/ɑ:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /u/ /u:/

There are five back vowels:/ɑ:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /u/ /u:/

For all of them the tip of tongue is withdrawn towards the soft palate, lip-rounding plays an important part in producing all the back vowels except for /ɑ:/

/ɑ:/

The tongue is held very low. The mouth is opened with no lip-rounding. The sound is like the exclamation “Ah”.

/ɑ:/ is usually read in the following letter or combine letters: a ar al au

plant glass class fast basketstar park car parcel hardcalm half palm (l is silent)aunt laugh

Phrases & Sentencesa fast car a starved artista laugh star a starry March nighthalf past nine

The dancing part stopped at half past five.

Arthur didn’t pass the art exam. He laughs best who laughs last. A large army marched past the grassland.

/ɔ/

The sound is made with open jaws and slight open lip-rounding, the back of the tongue is kept very low and far back.

/ / is usually read in the followiɔng letters or combined letters: o a ou au

cop lock hot clock novel

want what was watch quality

cough troughbecause sausage Austria Australia

Phrases & Sentences

clocks and watches cotton socksborrow a novel wash the mopcost a lot watch that small

fox

John has got a pot of hot water. Lots and lots of clocks and watches

has gone wrong. The robber’s name is Robert.

/ɔ:/

This sound has a low, mid-back tongue position; the lips are tense and protruded.

/ :/ is usually read in the following ɔcombined letters: aw or au ar al ore oor oar our ough augh

saw jaw law yawn drawhorse born cord swordcause fault warfall all salt talktore before more board doorfour fought taught daughter

Phrases & Sentencesmore score short storieswalk across the lawn morning news

reportforty horses to put more salt

Your four daughters are all very tall.The reporter gave an important talk in the

auditorium.You ought to do what the doctor ordered.

Comparison Between /ɑ:/ & /ɔ/ and /ɔ:/ & /ɔ/

/ɑ:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/dark 黑 dock 码头 cork 软木 cock 公鸡guard 看守

god 神 short 短 shot 射击

sharp 锋利 shop 商店 chalk 粉笔

chock 垫块

heart 心脏 hot 热 cord 粗浅 cod 鳕鱼

After-class assignments

Review and memorize the words, phrases, sentences in class.

Make sentences containing back vowels /ɑ:/ / ɔ / / ɔ: /.

Listen to the tapes and practice the three back vowels /ɑ: / / ɔ / / ɔ: /.

Chapter two The second period 第二章　　　　第二学时

后元音 Back vowels:/ u / / u: /

Warning-up exercise

/u/ look for the cook / woolen socks / stood in the foot

/u:/ a new rule / useful tools / stoop by a cool pool

/u/

This sound is produced with the tongue in a relaxed position. The lips are loosely rounded.

/u/ is usually read in the following letters or combined letters: u o oo ou

put full sugar bull push butcher

wolf woman bosom togood stood wood foot soot (before t and d in the words)

book cook hook look took shook(before k in the words)

could should would

Phrases & Sentenceslook for the cook push aside the butchera good-looking woman took the bookcook the soup put the sugar in the bottle

The cook understood the sugar was no good.He took a book to the wood and had a good

look at it.The woman couldn’t push the cart full of

wood.

/u:/

The back of the tongue is raised the highest. This sound is the most tense and most lip-rounded of the back vowels.

/u:/ is usually read in the following letters and combined letters: o u oo ou ue ew oe

do who move loseJune rude Susantoo food soon moon spoonyou group soup throughglue true bluechew juice shoe

Phrases & Sentencesfood and soup blue bootschoose a good school at noon in JuneStoop by a cool pool useful tools

That news is too good to be true.That student blew up a blue balloon on an

afternoon in June.As a rule, Sue is foolish and stupid at

school.