Chapter TenChapter Ten Supervision, Coaching, and Supervision, Coaching, and

ConsultationConsultation

Laura R. SimpsonMatthew V. Glowiak

Career Counseling: Foundations, Perspectives, and Applications edited by David Capuzzi and Mark Stauffer

Variables Considered in Variables Considered in Career-Path DecisionCareer-Path Decision

Job-related variables (e.g., availability, pay, location)

Diversity and discrimination• Persons of color• Women• Persons with disability• Religious/spiritual

ConsultingConsulting

Occurs within the hierarchical relationship

Consultation provides an indirect service to a client or group for whom the helping intervention is intended.

Consulting (cont.)Consulting (cont.)

Characteristics of Consultants• Expert• Capable• Complimentary• A need exists that cannot be met by

the individual or organization

Models of ConsultationModels of Consultation

Triadic ModelTriad is made up of a consultant, a

consultee, and the consultee’s client.

Models of Consultation (cont.)Models of Consultation (cont.)

Four functions of Consultation1. Provision Mode 2. Prescriptive Mode 3. Collaboration Mode4. Mediation Mode

Kurpious (1978) and Kurpious and Fuqua (1993)

Blocher’s (1987) seven models of consultation

1. Triadic consultation 2. Technical consultation3. Collaborative consultation4. Facilitative consultation

Models of Consultation (cont.)Models of Consultation (cont.)

Blocher’s (1987) seven models of consultation (continued)

5. Mental Health consultation6. Behavioral consultation7. Process consultation

Models of Consultation (cont.)Models of Consultation (cont.)

Consultative RelationshipConsultative Relationship

The consultative relationship is distinct from other relationships between counselor and client.

The consultant’s role is an advising or enhancing one, not a supervisory one.

Ethical and Legal Concerns of Ethical and Legal Concerns of ConsultationConsultation

Relationship issues Confidentiality Power Competence

CoachingCoachingCareer coaching is a relatively new practice that combines the concepts of:•career counseling•organizational consulting

•employee development

Coaching (cont.)Coaching (cont.)

“Job Counselor”The tasks of a career coach include facilitating continuity and change, clarifying core values and beliefs, identifying key social roles, tapping emerging developmental challenges, and developing a continuous learning agenda.

Coaching ModelsCoaching ModelsThree major arenas of coaching including1. Coaching for leadership, with focus on

leadership support 2. Coaching for development and success, with

emphasis on current or future assignments and opportunities

3. Coaching for performance, with focus on enhancement for current and future challenges

Price and Llevento (1999)

Coaching Models (cont.)Coaching Models (cont.)

Hershenson’s (1996) Model of Work Adjustment

Counseling model that is applicable to career coaching

Coaching RelationshipCoaching Relationship

• Less restricted by traditional boundaries

• Longer-term relationships

Ethical and Legal Concerns Ethical and Legal Concerns of Coachingof Coaching

• Training

• Cultural Competency

SupervisionSupervision

Supervision is important:• Clients well being• Ongoing professional development

of counselors• Counseling profession

SupervisionSupervisionPrimary functions of the supervisor: Monitoring and evaluating Instructing and advising Modeling Consulting Supporting and sharing

Models of SupervisionModels of Supervision Developmental Model Model Integrated Model

Orientation-Specific Model

Discrimination Model

Supervisory RelationshipSupervisory RelationshipIn the counseling relationship, the growth and welfare of the client is the primary concern. Similarly, in the supervisory relationship, the professional growth and welfare of the counselor is a major concern. However, while focusing on the counselor’s growth, this must be balanced with the protection of the client.

Supervisory Relationship Supervisory Relationship (cont.)(cont.)

• Evaluation

• Diversity Issues

Ethical and Legal Concerns Ethical and Legal Concerns SupervisionSupervision

Supervisory arrangements increase legal exposure and pose unique ethical challenges for the supervisor.

Many Roles in Many Roles in “Role Model” “Role Model”

Mentorship

Benefits of Mentorship

Career Development Facilitators (CDFs)

ReferencesReferencesBlotcher, D.H. (1987). The professional counselor. New York:

Macmillan.Hershenson, D.B. (1996). Work Adjustment: A neglected area

of career counseling [Electronic version]. Journal of Counseling and Development, 74(5), 442-449.

Kurpious, D.J. & Fuqua, D.R. (1993). Fundamental issues in defining consultation. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71, 598-600.

Price, D. & Llevento, J. (1999). License to sell: Professional Field Guide to Selling Skills & Market Trends. New York: Applied Business Communications.